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Chapter Two 24

The document contains a series of thermodynamics problems related to the first law of thermodynamics, focusing on work input, heat rejection, and changes in internal energy for various systems including air compressors, gas engines, steam turbines, and nozzles. Each problem provides specific data and calculations, yielding results such as work done, heat transfer, and changes in enthalpy. The problems illustrate practical applications of thermodynamic principles in engineering contexts.

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Ali Alaamiry
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32 views1 page

Chapter Two 24

The document contains a series of thermodynamics problems related to the first law of thermodynamics, focusing on work input, heat rejection, and changes in internal energy for various systems including air compressors, gas engines, steam turbines, and nozzles. Each problem provides specific data and calculations, yielding results such as work done, heat transfer, and changes in enthalpy. The problems illustrate practical applications of thermodynamic principles in engineering contexts.

Uploaded by

Ali Alaamiry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER TWO —FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

HOME WORK
2.1 In an air compressor the compression takes place at a constant internal energy and 50 kJ of heat are
rejected to the cooling water for every kilogram of air. Calculate the work input for the compression
stroke per kilogram of air.
(50 kJ/kg)
2.2 In the compression stroke of a gas engine the work done on the gas by the piston is 70kJ/kg and the
heat rejected to the cooling water is 42kJ/kg. Calculate the change of specific internal energy stating
whether it is a gain or a loss.
(28 kJ/kg gain)
2.3 A mass of gas at an initial pressure of 28 bar, and with an internal energy of 1500 kJ, is contained in
a well-insulated cylinder of volume 0.06 m3. The gas is allowed to expand behind a piston until its internal
energy is 1400 kJ; the law of expansion is pv2 = constant. Calculate:
(i) the work done;
(ii) the final volume;
(iii) the final pressure.
(−100 kJ; 0.148 m3; 4.59 bar)
2.4 The gases in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine have a specific internal energy of 800
kJ/kg and a specific volume of 0.06 m3/kg at the beginning of expansion. The expansion of the gases
may be assumed to take place according to a reversible law, pv1.5 = constant, from 55 bar to 14 bar. The
specific internal energy after expansion is 230 kJ/kg. Calculate the heat rejected to the cylinder cooling
water per kilogram of gases during the expansion stroke.
(104 kJ/kg)
2.5 A steam turbine receives a steam flow of 1.35 kg/s and the power output is 500 kW. The heat loss
from the casing is negligible. Calculate:
(i) the change of specific enthalpy across the turbine when the velocities at entrance and exit and the
difference in elevation are negligible;
(ii) the change of specific enthalpy across the turbine when the velocity at entrance is 60 m/s, the velocity
at exit is 360 m/s, and the inlet pipe is 3 m above the exhaust Pipe.
(370 kJ/kg; 433 kJ/kg)
2.6 A steady flow of steam enters a condenser with a specific enthalpy of 2300 kJ/kg and a velocity of
350 m/s. The condensate leaves the condenser with a specific enthalpy of 160 kJ/kg and a velocity of 70
m/s. Calculate the heat transfer to the cooling fluid per kilogram of steam condensed.
(−2199 kJ/kg)
2.7 A turbine operating under steady-flow conditions receives steam at the following state: pressure, 13.8
bar; specific volume 0.143 m3/kg, specific internal energy 2590 kJ/kg, velocity 30 m/s. The state of the
steam leaving the turbine is as follows: pressure 0.35 bar, specific volume 4.37 m3/kg, specific internal
energy 2360 kJ/kg, velocity 90 m/s. Heat is rejected to the surroundings at the rate of 0.25 kW and the
rate of steam flow through the turbine is 0.38 kg/s. Calculate the power developed by the turbine.
(102.7 kW)
2.8 A nozzle is a device for increasing the velocity of a steadily flowing fluid. At the inlet to a certain
nozzle the specific enthalpy of the fluid is 3025 kJ/kg and the velocity is 60 m/s. At the exit from the
nozzle the specific enthalpy is 2790 kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and there is a negligible heat loss
from it. Calculate:
(i) the velocity of the fluid at exit;
(ii) the rate of flow of fluid when the inlet area is 0.1 m? and the specific volume at inlet is 0.19 m3/kg;
(iii) the exit area of the nozzle when the specific volume at the nozzle exit is 0.5 m3/kg.
(688 m/s; 31.6 kg/s; 0.0229 m2)

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