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Transformation 1

This document contains past paper questions for A Level Mathematics, specifically focusing on transformations of functions. It includes various problems requiring students to describe transformations, state equations of transformed graphs, and analyze functions. The questions cover a range of topics from basic transformations to more complex function manipulations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

17 views67 pages

Transformation 1

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zayankhan5973

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A LEVEL MATH

PAST PAPER
QUESTIONS
(2020-2025)
FUNCTIONS
(TRANSFORMATIONS)

@MathleteBySaad
saad@mathletebysaad.com
3

1 The graph of y = f x is transformed to the graph of y = 1 + f 12 x .

Describe fully the two single transformations which have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [4]

................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/12/F/M/20 [Turn over

2 In each of parts (a), (b) and (c), the graph shown with solid lines has equation y = f x. The graph
shown with broken lines is a transformation of y = f x.
(a)
y

2
y = f x
1

x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [1]

........................................................................................................................................................

(b)
y

2
y = f x
1

x
0 1 2 3

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [1]

........................................................................................................................................................

2
y = f x
1

x
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
−1

−2

State, in terms of f, the equation of the graph shown with broken lines. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/13/M/J/20

3
y

y = f x

x
O π

The diagram shows the graph of y = f x, where f x = 32 cos 2x + 12 for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) State the range of f. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

A function g is such that g x = f x + k, where k is a positive constant. The x-axis is a tangent to the
curve y = g x.

(b) State the value of k and hence describe fully the transformation that maps the curve y = f x on
to y = g x. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

(c) State the equation of the curve which is the reflection of y = f x in the x-axis. Give your answer
in the form y = a cos 2x + b, where a and b are constants. [1]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/11/M/J/20 [Turn over

4 Functions f and g are such that

f x = 2 − 3 sin 2x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π,
g x = −2f x for 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) State the ranges of f and g. [3]

........................................................................................................................................................

The diagram below shows the graph of y = f x.

y = f x

x
O π

(b) Sketch, on this diagram, the graph of y = g x. [2]

The function h is such that

h x = g x + π for − π ≤ x ≤ 0.

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/12/M/J/20

5 y

1 y = cos 1
1
0 π 2π 3π 4π
−1

In the diagram, the lower curve has equation y = cos 1. The upper curve shows the result of applying
a combination of transformations to y = cos 1.

Find, in terms of a cosine function, the equation of the upper curve. [3]

................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/11/O/N/20 [Turn over

6 17

Functions f, g and h are defined for x ∈ > by

f x = 3 cos 2x + 2,
g x = f 2x + 4,

h x = 2f x + 12 π .

(d) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the graph of y = f x on to y = g x. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

(e) Describe fully a sequence of transformations that maps the graph of y = f x on to y = h x. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2020 9709/12/O/N/20

7 Functions f and g are both defined for x ∈ > and are given by

f x = x2 − 2x + 5,
g x = x2 + 4x + 13.

(a) By first expressing each of f x and g x in completed square form, express g x in the form
f x + p + q, where p and q are constants. [4]

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Describe fully the transformation which transforms the graph of y = f x to the graph of y = g x.
[2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/13/M/J/21

8
y

x
− 14 π 0 1
4π
1
2π
3
4π
π 5
4π
3
2π
7
4π
−2

−4

−6

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = a tan x − b + c.

Given that 0 < b < π, state the values of the constants a, b and c. [3]

................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/11/M/J/21 [Turn over

9 (a) The graph of y = f x is transformed to the graph of y = 2f x − 1.

Describe fully the two single transformations which have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [3]

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) The curve y = sin 2x − 5x is reflected in the y-axis and then stretched by scale factor 13 in the
x-direction.

Write down the equation of the transformed curve. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/12/M/J/21 [Turn over

10 The graph of y = f x is transformed to the graph of y = 3 − f x.

Describe fully, in the correct order, the two transformations that have been combined. [4]

................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/13/O/N/21

11 The graph of y = f x is transformed to the graph of y = f 2x − 3.

(a) Describe fully the two single transformations that have been combined to give the resulting
transformation. [3]

........................................................................................................................................................

The point P 5, 6 lies on the transformed curve y = f 2x − 3.

(b) State the coordinates of the corresponding point on the original curve y = f x. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2021 9709/12/O/N/21 [Turn over

6
@ A
−1
12 (a) The curve with equation y = x2 + 2x − 5 is translated by .
3

Find the equation of the translated curve, giving your answer in the form y = ax2 + bx + c. [3]

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) The curve with equation y = x2 + 2x − 5 is transformed to a curve with equation y = 4x2 + 4x − 5.

Describe fully the single transformation that has been applied. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 9709/13/M/J/22

14

13 (a) The curve y = sin x is transformed to the curve y = 4 sin 12 x − 30Å .

Describe fully a sequence of transformations that have been combined, making clear the order
in which the transformations are applied. [5]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 9709/11/M/J/22

14
y
8, 12
12

x
O 2 4 6 8 10 12

The diagram shows a curve which has a maximum point at 8, 12 and a minimum point at 8, 0. The
curve is the result of applying
@ a Acombination of two transformations to a circle. The first transformation
7
applied is a translation of . The second transformation applied is a stretch in the y-direction.
−3

(a) State the scale factor of the stretch. [1]

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) State the radius of the original circle. [1]

........................................................................................................................................................

(c) State the coordinates of the centre of the circle after the translation has been completed but before
the stretch is applied. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

(d) State the coordinates of the centre of the original circle. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 9709/13/O/N/22

15 The graph with equation y = f x is transformed to the graph with equation y = g x by a stretch in
@ A
0
the x-direction with factor 0.5, followed by a translation of .
1

(a) The diagram below shows the graph of y = f x.

On the diagram sketch the graph of y = g x. [3]

x
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10

−2

(b) Find an expression for g x in terms of f x. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2022 9709/12/O/N/22 [Turn over

16 A function f is defined by f x = x2 − 2x + 5 for x ∈ >. A sequence of transformations is applied in the

following order to the graph of y = f x to give the graph of y = g x.

Stretch parallel to the x-axis with scale factor 21

Reflection in the y-axis

Stretch parallel to the y-axis with scale factor 3

Find g x, giving your answer in the form ax2 + bx + c, where a, b and c are constants. [4]

................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9709/12/F/M/23 [Turn over

17
y

B
5

C
4

3
A B′

C′
2

1
A′
0 x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

The diagram shows the graph of y = f x, which consists of the two straight lines AB and BC. The
lines A′ B′ and B′ C′ form the graph of y = g x, which is the result of applying a sequence of two
transformations, in either order, to y = f x.

State fully the two transformations. [4]

................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9709/13/M/J/23

18
y

2
y = g x
y = f x
x
−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6

−2

−4

−6

The diagram shows graphs with equations y = f x and y = g x.

Describe fully a sequence of two transformations which transforms the graph of y = f x to y = g x.
[4]

................................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9709/11/M/J/23

19 11

2π

3
2π

1
2π

x
− 52 π −2π − 32 π −π − 12 π 0 1
2π
π 3
2π 2π 5
2π

The diagram above shows part of the graph of the function g x = 3 + 2 sin 14 x for −2π ≤ x ≤ 2π.

Complete the sketch of the graph of g x on the diagram above and hence explain whether the
function g has an inverse. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

(d) Describe fully a sequence of three transformations which can be combined to transform the
graph of y = sin x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 π to the graph of y = f x, making clear the order in which the
2
transformations are applied. [6]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9709/12/M/J/23 [Turn over

20
y

1
y = sin a x + b
0.5

x
− 23 π − 13 π 0 1
3π
2
3π
π 4
3π
5
3π 2π
−0.5

The diagram shows part of the graph of y = sin a x + b , where a and b are positive constants.

(a) State the value of a and one possible value of b. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

Another curve, with equation y = f x, has a single stationary point at the point p, q, where p and q
are constants. This curve is transformed to a curve with equation

y = −3f 14 x + 8 .

(b) For the transformed curve, find the coordinates of the stationary point, giving your answer in
terms of p and q. [3]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9709/13/O/N/23

21 The R denotes a reflection in the x-axis and the transformation T denotes a translation
@ transformation
A
3
of .
−1

(a) Find the equation, y = g x, of the curve with equation y = x2 after it has been transformed by
the sequence of transformations R followed by T. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find the equation, y = h x, of the curve with equation y = x2 after it has been transformed by
the sequence of transformations T followed by R. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9709/11/O/N/23

22 The equation of a curve is y = x2 − 8x + 5.

(a) Find the coordinates of the minimum point of the curve. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

@ A
4
The curve is stretched by a factor of 2 parallel to the y-axis and then translated by .
1

(b) Find the coordinates of the minimum point of the transformed curve. [2]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9709/12/O/N/23

(c) Find the equation of the transformed curve. Give the answer in the form y = ax2 + bx + c, where
a, b and c are integers to be found. [4]

........................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2023 9709/12/O/N/23 [Turn over

3
23
y

O x

The diagram shows part of the curve with equation y = k sin 12 x , where k is a positive constant and x is
measured in radians. The curve has a minimum point A.

(a) State the coordinates of A. [1]

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) A sequence of transformations is applied to the curve in the following order.

Translation of 2 units in the negative y-direction

Reflection in the x-axis

Find the equation of the new curve and determine the coordinates of the point on the new curve
corresponding to A. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2024 9709/12/F/M/24 [Turn over
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8

dy - 20
24 A curve passes through the point b45 , - 3l and is such that = .
dx (5x - 3) 2
(a) Find the equation of the curve. [4]

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1
(b) The curve is transformed by a stretch in the x-direction with scale factor 2 followed by a translation
2
of e o.
10

Find the equation of the new curve. [3]

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© UCLES 2024 9709/13/M/J/24
3

25
y
1

O 1 r 3 2r 5 3r 7 x
2r 2r 2r 2r
–1
–2
–3
–4

–5

The diagram shows two curves. One curve has equation y = sin x and the other curve has
equation y = f (x) .

(a) In order to transform the curve y = sin x to the curve y = f (x) , the curve y = sin x is first reflected
in the x-axis.

Describe fully a sequence of two further transformations which are required. [4]

............................................................................................................................................................

(b) Find f (x) in terms of sin x. [2]

............................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2024 9709/11/M/J/24 [Turn over

26 The curve y = x 2 is transformed to the curve y = 4 (x - 3) 2 - 8 .

Describe fully a sequence of transformations that have been combined, making clear the order in which
the transformations have been applied. [5]

....................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................
© UCLES 2024 9709/12/M/J/24
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14
27
Functions f and g are defined for all real values of x by

f (x) = 4x 2 - c and g (x) = 2x + k ,

where c and k are positive constants. It is given that g -1 (3k + 1) = c .

(a) Show that gf (x) = 8x 2 - k - 1. [4]

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© UCLES 2025 9709/12/F/M/25

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(b) The curve with equation y = 8x 2 - k - 1 is transformed to the curve with equation y = h (x) by the
following sequence of transformations.
2
Translation of e o
3
Stretch in the y-direction by scale factor k
Reflection in the x-axis

Find an expression for h (x) in terms of x and k. [3]

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(c) The range of h is given by h (x) G 15.

Find the values of c and k. [3]

............................................................................................................................................................

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© UCLES 2025 9709/12/F/M/25

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28 The function f is defined by f (x) = 3 + 6x - 2x 2 for x ! R .

(a) Express f (x) in the form a - b (x - c) 2 , where a, b and c are constants, and state the range
of f. [3]

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(b) The graph of y = f (x) is transformed to the graph of y = h (x) by a reflection in one of the axes
followed by a translation. It is given that the graph of y = h (x) has a minimum point at the origin.

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Give details of the reflection and translation involved. [2]

............................................................................................................................................................

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© UCLES 2024 9709/11/O/N/24

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6

29
y

y = g(x)
2

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y = f(x)

–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 x

In the diagram, the graph with equation y = f (x) is shown with solid lines and the graph with equation
y = g (x) is shown with broken lines.

(a) Describe fully a sequence of three transformations which transforms the graph of y = f (x) to the
graph of y = g (x) . [6]

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(b) Find an expression for g (x) in the form af (bx + c) , where a, b and c are integers. [2]

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© UCLES 2024 9709/13/O/N/24

9709/12 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme March 2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 f ′ ( x ) =  − ( 3 x + 2 )  × [3] + [ 2 x ]
−2 B2, 1, 0
 

< 0 hence decreasing B1 Dependent on at least B1 for f ′ ( x ) and must include < 0 or
‘(always) neg’

Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 2 [Stretch] [factor 2, x direction (or y-axis invariant)] *B1

DB1

[Translation or Shift] [1 unit in y direction] or B1B1 Accept transformations in either order. Allow (0, 1) for the vector
 0  
[Translation/Shift]   
 1  

© UCLES 2020 Page 6 of 14

9709/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
PUBLISHED

2 Question Answer Marks

3(a) ( y ) = f ( −x) B1

3(b) ( y ) = 2f ( x ) B1

3(c) ( y ) = f ( x + 4) − 3 B1 B1

Question Answer Marks

4(a) 1 + 5a + 10 a 2 + 10 a 3 + ... B1

4(b)
( ) ( ) ( ) M1
2 3
1 + 5 x + x 2 + 10 x + x 2 + 10 x + x 2 + ... SOI

( ) ( ) (
1 + 5 x + x 2 + 10 x 2 + 2 x 3 + ... + 10 x 3 + ... + ... SOI ) A1

1 + 5 x + 15 x 2 + 30 x 3 + ... A1

© UCLES 2020 Page 7 of 14

9709/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

3(a) $36 000 × (1.05)n B1M1

(B1 for r = 1.05. M1 method for rth term)

$53 200 after 8 years. A1

3(b)
S10 = 36000
(1.05
10
−1 ) M1

(1.05 − 1)
$453 000 A1

Question Answer Marks

3
4(a) −1 ⩽ f(x) ⩽ 2 B1 B1

4(b) k=1 B1

Translation by 1 unit upwards parallel to the y-axis B1

4(c) 3 1 B1
y=− cos2 x −
2 2

© UCLES 2020 Page 7 of 13

9709/12 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2020
PUBLISHED

4 Question Answer Marks

9(a) f(x) from −1 to 5 B1B1

g(x) from −10 to 2 B1FT

(FT from part (a))

9(b) B2, 1

9(c) Reflect in x-axis B1

Stretch by factor 2 in the y direction B1

 0  B1
Translation by –π in the x direction OR translation by   .
 −π 

© UCLES 2020 Page 12 of 15

9709/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

3 B1 dr
(Derivative =) 4πr 2 (→ 400π) SOI Award this mark for
dV

50 M1 Can be in terms of r
their derivative

1 A1 AWRT
or 0.0398
8π

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5
4 B1 B1
( y = ) [3] + [ 2] cos θ 
1
B1
 2 

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a)  a 
2
3  a 
3 B1 B1 SOI Can be seen in an expansion
( ) ( )
4
6C 2 ×  2 x 2  ×  , 6C 3 ×  2 x 2  × 
   ( x )     ( x ) 
   

15 × 2 4 × a 2 = 20 × 23 × a 3 M1 SOI Terms must be from a correct series

15 × 24 3 A1 OE
a= 3
=
20 × 2 2

© UCLES 2020 Page 7 of 16

9709/12 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2020
PUBLISHED

6 Question Answer Marks Guidance

11(d) 1 B1
Stretch by (scale factor) , parallel to x-axis or in x direction (or
2
horizontally)

 0 B1 Accept translation/shift
Translation of   Accept translation 4 units in positive y-direction.
 4

11(e)  π B1 Accept translation/shift

−
Translation of  2  π
Accept translation − units in x-direction.
 
 0  2

Stretch by (scale factor) 2 parallel to y-axis (or vertically). B1

© UCLES 2020 Page 19 of 19

9709/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a) ½ × 42 × angle BAD = 10 M1 Use of sector area formula

Angle BAD = 1.25 A1 OE. Accept 0.398π, 71.6o for SC B1 only

5(b) Arc BD = 4 × their1.25 M1 Use of arc length formula. Expect 5.

BC = 4 tan ( their1.25) M1 Expect 12.0(4). May use ACB=0.321 or 18.4o

4 M1 Expect 12.69 ‒ 4 = 8.69. May use ACB.

42 + ( their BC ) − 4
2
CD = − 4 or
cos ( their1.25 )

Perimeter = 5 + 12.0(4) + 8.69 = 25.7 (cm) A1 AWRT

7 Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(a) f ( x ) = ( x − 1) + 4
2 B1

g ( x ) = ( x + 2) + 9
2 B1

g ( x ) = f ( x + 3) + 5 B1 B1 B1 for each correct element.

Accept p = 3, q = 5

© UCLES 2021 Page 9 of 17

9709/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(b) Translation or Shift B1

 −3  B1 FT If given as 2 single translations both must be

  or acceptable explanation  −3  0
5 described correctly e.g.   &  
0 5
FT from their f ( x + p ) + q or their
f ( x) → g ( x)
 1   −2 
Do not accept   or  
 4  9 

© UCLES 2021 Page 10 of 17

9709/11 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a) 243 B1

−810x B1

+1080x2 B1

3(b) (4 + x)2 = 16 + 8x + x2 B1

Coefficient of x2 is 16 × 1080 + 8 × (−810) + 243 M1 Allow if at least 2 pairs used correctly

11043 A1 Allow 11043x2

Question Answer Marks Guidance

8 4 a=2 B1

π B1 2π
b= or
4 8

c=1 B1

© UCLES 2021 Page 7 of 17

9709/12 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2021
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance
9
2(a) 1 B1 Allow shift and allow by 1 in x-direction or [parallel to/on/in/
Translation   along/against] the x-axis or horizontally.
0 ‘Translation by 1 to the right’ only, scores B0

Stretch B1 Stretch. SC B2 for amplitude doubled.

Factor 2 in y-direction B1 With/by factor 2 in y-direction or [parallel to/on/in/along/against]

the y-axis or vertically or with x axis invariant
‘With/by factor 2 upwards’ only, scores B0.
Accept SF as an abbreviation for scale factor.

3 Note: Transformations can be in either order

2(b) [−sin 6x][ + 15x] or [sin(−6x)][ + 15x] OE B1 B1 Accept an unsimplified version. ISW.
B1 for each correct component – square brackets indicate each
required component.

If B0, SC B1 for either sin(−2x) + 5x or –sin(2x) + 5x or

 2  5
sin 6x – 15x or sin  − x  + x
 3  3

© UCLES 2021 Page 7 of 22

9709/13 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November 2021
PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance
10
1 {Reflection} {[in the] x-axis} *B1 DB1 {} indicate how the B1 marks should be awarded
or throughout.
{Stretch of scale factor -1} {parallel to y-axis}

 0   B1 B1 Or Translation 3 units in the positive y-direction.

Then {Translation}    N.B. If order reversed a maximum of 3 out of 4 marks
 3   awarded.

Alternative method for question 1

 0   B1 B1 Or Translation 3 units in the negative y-direction.

{Translation}   
 −3  

Then {Reflection} {in the x-axis} *B1 DB1 N.B. If order reversed a maximum of 3 out of 4 marks
or {Stretch of scale factor -1} {parallel to y-axis} awarded.

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11 Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(a) 1 B1
Stretch with [scale factor] either ± 2 or ±
2

1 B1
Scale factor in the x-direction
2

 0 B1
Translation   or translation of 3 units in negative y-direction
 −3 

2(b) ( 10 , 9) B1 B1 B1 for each correct co-ordinate.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a)  2 + 3 M1 Clear evidence of applying f twice with x = 5.

f ( 5 ) = [ 2] and f ( their 2 ) = [5] OR ff ( 5 ) =  
 2 −1 
x+3
+3
OR x − 1 and an attempt to substitute x =5.
x+3
−1
x −1

5 A1

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a) n B1 Must show a useful intermediate step.

8   n  1 d   5863 leading to n 8   n  1 d   11726
2 WWW AG.
11726
leading to  n  1 d  8
n

3(b) 11726 *M1 OE Use of correct un formula with expression from (a) or
4   n  1 d  139 leading to  8  135 Sn formula to eliminate d.
n

11726 A1
n= = 82
143

11726 DM1 Substitute their n into a correct un or Sn formula

81d  8
82

5 A1 138
d Accept OE fraction only
3 81
If M0 DM0 scored them SC B1 B1 for correct n and d
values only.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

12
4(a)
 x  1 2

 2  x  1  5  3 , or  x  1  1   6  3
2 M1 M1  1
M1 for dealing with   and M1 for dealing with
0
 .
0  3

 y  x2  4 x  1 A1 Answer only given full marks.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

4(b) {Stretch}{x direction or horizontally or y-axis invariant}{ factor ½} B2, 1, 0 Additional transformation B0.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a) 6 y  2  7 y1/2 [= 0] *M1 OE Rearrange to a 3-term quadratic.

 1  1  DM1 Or use of formula or completing the square.

 2 y 2  1 3 y 2  2  [= 0] or e.g.  2u  1 3u  2  [= 0]
 
  

1 2 A1 Answers only SC B1 if DM1 not scored.

[ y1/2 ] ,
2 3

1 4 A1 Answers only SC B1 if DM1 not scored.

 y  ,
4 9

5(b) Use of tan x = their y values M1 Must have at least 2 values of y from part (a).

x  14[.0], 24[.0], A1 FT for 180 + angle (twice).

x  194[.0], 204[.0] A1 FT AWRT

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
13
8(a)  30   60  B2,1,0 B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.
EITHER (1){Translation}   OR (2){Translation}   { } indicates different elements.
 0   0  Accept angle in radians.

(3){Stretch} {factor 2} {in x-direction} B2,1,0 B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.
{ } indicates different elements.

(4) Stretch factor 4 in y-direction and correct order B1 Stretch, y-direction and factor and correct order.
Correct order is either (1) then (3) or (3) then (2).
(4) can be anywhere in the sequence.

8(b) 1   2 M1 SOI
4sin  x  30   2 2  sin 1     45
2   2 

1 M1 SOI. The M marks are independent.

x  30  45 or 135  x  2  45  30  or x  2 135  30 
2

x = 150°, x = 330° A1 5π 11π

Both exact values, condone , .
6 6
A0 if extra solutions in the interval.
Ignore other solutions outside 0,360 .
3

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

4  dv  B1 Allow unsimplified forms.

 dx  = ( 9 − x )
2
Allow any or no notation
 

Substitute x = 4 into their differentiated V, *M1 Expect 25.

dx 1 dt their derivative M1 Correct use of the chain rule, ignore incorrect

=  3.6 (accept = ) conversions at this point. Expect 0.144
dt their derivative dx 3.6

1 100 DM1 Correct use of the conversion factors.

=  3.6 
their numerical derivative 60

1 100 A1
=  3.6  = 0.24
25 60

Question Answer Marks Guidance

14
5(a) 3 B1 Ignore any description.

5(b) 2 B1 Ignore any description.

5(c) (8, 2) B1 B1 Ignore any description. Allow vector notation and

absence of brackets.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(d) (1, 5) B1 FT FT each coordinate, (their8 – 7, their2 + 3) Allow

vector notation and absence of brackets.
B1 FT

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6 2 *M1 Or Pythagoras seen (may quote 8, 15, 17 triple).

8
Use of sin 2 + cos 2 = 1 eg sin  =    1 −  
 17 

15 A1
sinα =
17

15 A1
tan  =
8

1 1 17 8 DM1 Dealing with reciprocals and addition of fractions

+ = +
sin  tan  15 15 correctly.

5 A1 Correct answer with no working shown scores 0.

= oe
3 15
Extra answers from sinα = − are allowed.
17

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15 Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(a) Three points at the bottom of their transformed graph plotted at y B1 All 5 points of the graph must be connected.
=2

Bottom three points of /\/\ at x = 0, x = 1 & x = 2 B1 Must be this shape.

All correct B1 Condone extra cycles outside 0 x 2.

3 SC: If B0 B0 scored, B1 available for /\ in one of correct positions

or all 5 points correctly plotted and not connected or correctly
sized shape in the wrong position.

5(b) [g( x ) =] f(2x) + 1 B1 B1 Award marks for their final answer as follows:
f(2x) B1, + 1 B1. Condone y = or f ( x ) = .

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(a)  5
2 There is no requirement for the candidate to list a , b and c.
y = 4  x +  − 19 Look at values in their final expression, condone omission of 2 ,
 2
and award marks as follows:

B1 a=4

B1 5
b= OE
2

B1 c = −19

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 x2 − kx + 2 = 3x − 2k leading to x2 − x ( k + 3) + ( 2 + 2k ) = 0 M1 3-term quadratic, may be implied in the

discriminant.

b2 − 4ac = ( k + 3) − 8 (1 + k ) (ignore ‘= 0’ at this stage) DM1 Cannot just be seen in the quadratic formula.
2

= ( k − 1) accept ( k − 1)( k − 1) A1 Or use of calculus to show minimum of zero at

k = 1 or sketch of f ( k ) = k 2 − 2k + 1.

0 Hence will meet for all values of k A1 Clear conclusion.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

16
2 Stretch: ( 2 x ) − 2 ( 2 x ) + 5 or ( x − 1) + 4 leading to ( 2 x − 1) + 4 M1 Replacing x by 2x.
2 2 2

Reflection: ( −2 x ) − 2 ( −2 x ) + 5 or ( −2 x − 1) + 4 M1 Replacing x by – x. FT on their stretch.

2 2

  
Stretch: 3 ( −2 x ) − 2 ( −2 x ) + 5 or 3 ( −2 x − 1) + 4
2 2
 M1 Multiplying the whole function by 3. FT on their
(stretch plus reflection).

12 x 2 + 12 x + 15 A1

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
17
1  0  B2, 1, 0 B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.
{Translation}   {} indicates different elements.
 2 

{Stretch}{[scale] factor 2} {parallel to x-axis} B2, 1, 0 B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.

4 Transformations can be in either order.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
18
3 {Stretch} {factor 2} {in y-direction} B2, 1, 0 B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.
{} indicates different elements.

 6  B2, 1, 0 B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.

{Translation}   {} indicates different elements.
 0 

4 Transformations may be in either order.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

4 1 2 16  B1 2
 8   ⇒ SOI OE e.g. , 0.524  3 s.f .
2 3 6 12
Use of degrees acceptable throughout provided
conversion used in formulae for sector area and arc
length.

 M1 4
Arc length = 8  their [= 4.1887…] OE FT their θ. Look for .
6 3

1  M1 Attempt to find BC or BC 2 (see alt. methods below)

[BC =] 2  8 sin   their  [= 4.1411…]
2 6 
FT their θ. Look for 16sin or 4 6  4 2 .
12

Perimeter = 8.33 A1 AWRT Must be combined into one term.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
19
8(b) 1 1 y3 M1 1
y  3  2sin x leading to sin x  Attempting to arrive at an expression for sin x; condone
4 4 2 4
 sign errors. Variables may be interchanged initially.
y3
M1 not implied by x  .
1
2sin
4

 y 3 1  x  3 
A1  x 3 sin 1  x  3
x  4sin 1   leading to [f  x  or y ] 4sin 
1
 ISW Must clearly be sin 1   NOT .
 2   2   2  2
3 x  1
Allow   but not  .
 2  4

8(c) B1 Continuing given graph from y intercept to –2π.

The correct shape needed between 0 and -2π, including
starting to level off (gradient in the final two squares needs
to be reducing) as -2π is approached.
The y co-ordinate at-2π must be in the correct square.

Yes it does have an inverse, because the graph is always increasing B1 FT If there is no graph to the left of the y axis, no mark is
OR because it is one-one OR because it passes the horizontal line test OR available.
it is not a many to one [function]. FT an incorrect graph and if the answer is now ‘No’
provide an appropriate reason.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

8(d) { } indicates different elements throughout.

{Stretch} {factor 4} {in x-direction} B2, 1, B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.
0 Condone use of ‘sf’ instead of factor and ‘co-ordinates’
stretched instead of graph stretched.
Allow any mention of x-axis, horizontally or y-axis
invariant.
Wavelength or period increased by a factor of 4 for B2 or
by 4 for B1.

{Stretch} {factor 2} {in y-direction} B2, 1, B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.
0 Condone use of ‘sf’ instead of factor and ‘co-ordinates’
stretched instead of graph stretched.
Allow any mention of y-axis, vertically or x-axis invariant.
Allow y ‘co-ordinates’ doubled or amplitude doubled for
B2.

 0  B2, 1, B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct.

{Translation}   0 Allow shift. Any mention of y axis, y-direction or
 3  vertically implies 0 , so shift by 3 vertically is B2, but
shift by a factor of 3 vertically or a translation of 3 ‘up’ is
B1.

6 After scoring B2, B2 the final transformation can only be

awarded B2 if the order is fully correct i.e. the translation
must not be applied before the y stretch. If all correct
except the order award B2B2B1.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(c)  3   x +1  M1 Substitute f(x) into g(x).

gf ( x ) = 2  + 1 − 2 or 2  −2
 x−2   x−2

6 A1
x−2

Question Answer Marks Guidance

20
8(a) 1 B1
a=
2

π B1 π
b= b= + 4nπ, n 0.
3 3

8(b) x-coordinate = {4p} {‒8} B1 B1 OE, e.g. 4 ( p − 2 ) .

y-coordinate = ‒3q B1

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

3 dV B1 SOI
= 3x 2
dx

dV  dV dx  M1 Correct use of chain rule with x = 20 substituted into

=  = 3  202  0.01
dt  dx dt  dV
.
dx

12 A1

Question Answer Marks Guidance

21
4(a) − ( x − 3 ) 
2
−1 B1 B1 OE. Must be a quadratic e.g. 3x – 1 B0 B0.
SC B1 for correct use of generalised function notation.

4(b) − ( x − 3 ) 
2
+1 B1 B1 OE. Must be a quadratic.
SC B1 for correct use of generalised function notation.

4(c)  0  B2, 1, 0 FT from (a) and (b) if a translation parallel to the y
Translation   axis.
 2  B2 for fully correct, B1 with two elements correct. {}
indicates different elements.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
22
( )
6(a) d 2 M1 dy
x − 8x + 5 = 0  2 x − 8 = 0  Correct differentiation of x2 and equating their to 0.
dx dx

Alternative method 1 for first mark of Question 6(a)

y = ( x − 4) − 11 M1 Attempt to complete the square as far as y = ( x − 4)2  k .

Alternative method 2 for first mark of Question 6(a)

−b 8 M1
x= =
2a 2

x = 4, y = -11 A1 8  64 − 20
Answers from x = leading to x = 4  11
2
scores M0A0

6(b) x = ( their x value from a ) + 4 [=8] B1 FT Can be from finding the equation of the transformed curve,
dy
differentiating and putting = 0.
dx

y = (their y value from a )  2 +1 [ − 21] B1 FT Can be from putting x = 8 in the equation of the transformed
curve.

2 If B0B0 scored, SC B1 for sight of ( 4, −22 ) .

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(c)
( )
2 x 2 − 8 x + 5 or 2{ ( x − 4) − 11}
2 B1 Can be implied if both transformations done together:
( )
2 ( x − 4 ) − 8 ( x − 4 ) + 5 + 1 OE.
2

(( x − 4) 2
)
− 8 ( x − 4 ) + 5 + 1 or ( x − 4 − 4) 2

− their11 + 1 M1 For the x translation, each x becomes ( x − 4 ) .

M1 For the y translation of +1.

y = 2 x 2 − 32 x + 107 or a = 2,b = −32, c = 107 A1 Evidence to support their answer may be in (b) but answer
must be seen in (c).

Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(a) ( 2 x − 1) ( 4 x2 + 2 x − 1) = 8x3 + 4 x2 − 2 x − 4 x2 − 2 x + 1 = 8x3 − 4 x + 1 B1 AG

Six correct terms leading to the correct answer.

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1 Integrate to obtain −2x −1 B1 OE

Substitute limits correctly with clear indication seen that upper limit gives 0 M1 For integral of form − k x − n , where k  0 , n  0 .

Obtain 2
3
A1 WWW
Accept 0.667.

23 Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(a) State (3π, − k ) B1

2(b) 1 M1 Any non-zero c.

Obtain equation of form  y = c  k sin x
2

1 A1 OE
Obtain correct equation  y = 2 − k sin x
2

State (3π, 2 + k ) B1 FT Following part (a), i.e. (their x, 2 – their y).

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
24
6(a) Integrate to obtain form k (5 x  3) 1 *M1 OE

4(5 x  3) 1 A1 Or unsimplified equivalent.

Condone absence of ...  c so far.

Substitute x  4
and y  3 to attempt value of c DM1  4
5 DM0 for substituting  3,  .
 5

y  4(5 x  3) 1  7 allow f(x) or f  4(5 x  3) 1  7 A1 OE

Condone c = –7 as the final answer providing
4
y  or f  x    c OE is seen earlier.
  3
5 x
Attempts to write equation in y  mx  c form
scores A0. Do not ISW. Gains max 3/4.

6(b) Carry out stretch by replacing x by 2x in their equation M1 Award if given as the second transformation.
Do not ignore sign errors.

Carry out translation by replacing x by x  2 and y by y  10 M1 OE

Award if given as the first transformation.
Do not ignore sign errors.

4 A1 Or similarly simplified equivalent, WWW.

y 3
10 x  23

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
25 2(a) {Stretch}{factor 3}{ in y-direction} B2,1,0 2 out of 3 scores B1.

 0  B2,1,0 Accept shift.

{Translation}  
 2 

Alternative Method for Question 2(a)

 0  (B2,1,0) 2 out of 3 scores B1.

{Translation}   2   Accept shift.
  3  
 

{Stretch}{factor 3}{ in y-direction} (B2,1,0)

2(b) f  x    {3sin x}{2 } B1 B1 No marks awarded if extra terms seen.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a) 20  27  a3   160  
M1 Allow 6C3 33 a3 160 .

3
Accept 540a with no other working for M1.

2 A1 Allow 0.667 AWRT.

a  2
3 SC B1 is a = with no other working.
3

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26 Question Answer Marks Guidance

2 Stretch factor 4 in y-direction/parallel to the y axis/vertically. B1 Allow use of SF in place of factor.

Allow in/on/along the y axis or ‘the x axis is
invariant.’

Translation B2 Condone ‘Shift’.

 3  3
  or 3 parallel to the x axis or in the x direction, allow horizontally. These translations can be combined as   , this
0  8 
 0 counts as 2 elements.
  or 8 parallel to the y axis or in the y direction, allow vertically. Give priority to a correct vector over any incorrect
 8  wording.
B2 for all 3
B1 for 2 out of 3

Two translations, one in each direction, and a stretch only. M1 Condone inaccurate terminology, such as up, down,
left and right, if the intention is clear.

Correct order of operations. The stretch which must be in the in the y direction A1 Condone inaccurate terminology if the intention is
must come before the translation in the y direction. clear but numerical values must be correct.

27
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Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(b) Use correct formula for sum of AP with their value of d M1

Obtain or imply 7700 A1

State or imply GP is 7.5, 15, 30, ... B1

Use correct formula for sum of GP with their common ratio M1

Obtain S77 − G10 = 27.5 A1

28 Question Answer Marks Guidance

11(a) 3 B1
Obtain b = 2 and c =
2

15  3
2 B1
Obtain − 2 x − 
2  2

15 15 B1 FT Following their value of a.

State range is y or f ( x ) with ⩽ given or clearly implied (not <)
2 2

11(b) State that reflection is in x-axis B1 Accept transformations in any order.

 3 B1 FT Following their values of a and c in part (a).

− 2 Accept transformations in any order.
State or imply that translation is by   or equivalent
 15 
 
 2 

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Question Answer Marks Guidance
29
5(a) Reflection [in] y-axis B1 B1 B1 for reflection B1 mention of y-axis, OE.
SC B2 for stretch, SF –1, parallel to x-axis.

 −1 B1* B1 for ‘translation’ and a correct vector/description.

Translation or shift   Do not accept ‘left’/’right’.
0 If two translations then B0 and B0 for the order.

Stretch, factor 2, parallel to y-axis B2,1,0 B2 all correct OE.

B1 any 2 parts correct.
This can be at any point in the sequence.

Correct order and three correctly named transformations only DB1 If a fourth transformation is given this mark is not awarded and
no marks are given for the two transformations of the same
type, except where the reflection is described as a stretch.
If any transformation is incorrectly named this cannot be given.
 −1 1
If translation is not   or   then DB0 is given.
0 0

Alternative Solution for first 3 marks

1 B1* B1 for ‘translation’ and correct vector/description.

Translation or shift  
0

Reflection [in] y-axis B1 B1 B1 for ‘reflection’, B1 for ‘in y-axis’.

Alternative solutions

There are alternative solutions which can be marked in the same way
 −4 
e.g. the given stretch, translation   , reflect in x = −2.5
0

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PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(b) g ( x ) = 2f ( − x − 1) or a = 2, b = −1, c = −1 B1 First B1 for a = 2 and no additional terms added to the

function.
a = −2 is B0.

B1 Second B1 for b = −1 and c = −1.

Question Answer Marks Guidance

6 (
10 1 − r 8 ) M1*
OE, i.e. substituting p and q expressions into ratio
17
.
1− r =
17
[a
1− r (
17
= a
8
1− r ) ( 4
) 16
(
10 1 − r 4
)
16 (1 − r ) 16 (1 − r )
]
16 = a
(1 − r ) , 17 = a (1 − r ) gets M0 unless recovered later.
4 8

1− r (1 − r ) (1 − r )

Simplifying to 16 r8 − 17r 4 + 1 = 0  (or equivalent form) DM1

(1 − r ) = 1 + r = 17 .
8

Or ( ) 16 4

(1 − r )4

A1
 ( )( )
 16r 4 − 1 r 4 − 1 = 0  r =  1
2
Or r 4 =
1
16
1
 r =  (condone extra r = 1 solution).
2

10 DM1 Use of correct sum to infinity formula with either of their r

S =
 1 values providing r  1 .
1 −   
 2

20 A1 Allow 6.67 or better.

S = 20 and
3 A0 if there is only one or more than two S values.

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