Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

Week 5 Test Bank (Thermal Stress)

Solution Manual
EASY
1. A bronze sleeve is slipped over a steel bolt and is held in
place by a nut that is tightened “finger-tight”. Compute the
temperature change which will cause the stress in the bronze
to be 20 MPa. For the steel bolt, A = 450 𝑚𝑚2 , E = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎,
and 𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃). For the bronze sleeve, 𝐴 = 900 𝑚𝑚2, 𝐸 =
83 𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝛼 = 19.0 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃).

(Besivilla, problem 113, Page 108)

2. A steel rod with a cross-sectional area of 0.25𝑖𝑛2 is stretched

between two fixed points. The tensile load at 70℉ is 2000 𝑙𝑏.
a.) What will be the stress at 0℉? b.) At what temperature
will the stress be zero? Assume 𝛼 = 6.5 𝑥 10−6 𝑖𝑛/(𝑖𝑛 ∙ ℉) and 𝐸 =
29 𝑥 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖.
 (Gillesania, Problem 261, Page 108)

3. A steel rod is stretched between two rigid walls and carries

a tensile load of 5000 𝑁 at 20 ℃. If the allowable stress is
not to exceed 130 𝑀𝑃𝑎 at −20 ℃, what is the minimum diameter
of the rod? Assume 𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚 ∙ ℃) and 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

(Gillesania, Problem 262, Page 109)

4. Steel railroad reels 10 m long are laid with a clearance of
3 𝑚𝑚 at a temperature of 15℃. a.) At what temperature will
the rails just touch? What stress would be induced in the
rails at that temperature if there were no initial clearance?
Assume 𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃) and 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

(Gillesania, Problem 263, Page 109)

5. At a temperature of 90 ℃, a steel tire 10 𝑚𝑚 thick and 75𝑚𝑚

wide that is to be shrunk onto a locomotive driving wheel
1.8 𝑚 in diameter just fits over the wheel, which is at a
temperature of 20 ℃. Determine the contact pressure between
the tire and the wheel after the assembly cools to 20 ℃.
Neglect the deformation of the wheel caused by the pressure
of the tire. Assume 𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃) and 𝐸 = 200 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2 .

(Besivilla, Problem 106, Page 102)

6. A bronze bar 3 𝑚 long with a cross-sectional area of 320 𝑚𝑚2
is placed between two rigid walls as shown in Fig. P-265. At
a temperature of −20℃, the gap ∆ = 25 𝑚𝑚. Find the temperature
at which the compressive stress in the bar will be 35 𝑀𝑃𝑎.
Use 𝛼 = 18.0 𝑥 10−6 𝑚/(𝑚℃) and 𝐸 = 80 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

(Gillesania, Problem 265, Page 110)

7. At a temperature of 80 ℃, a steel tire 12 𝑚𝑚 thick and 90 𝑚𝑚

wide that is to be shrunk onto a locomotive driving wheel 2 𝑚
in diameter just fits over the wheel, which is at a
temperature of 25 ℃. Determine the contact pressure between
the tire and wheel after the assembly cools to 25 ℃. Neglect
the deformation of the wheel caused by the pressure of the
tire. Assume 𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚 ∙ ℃) and 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎.

(Gillesania, Problem 267, Page

112)
8. At 20 ℃ a rigid slab having a mass of 55 𝑀𝑔 is placed upon
two bronze rods and one steel rod as shown. At what
temperature will the stress in the steel rod be zero? For the
steel rod, 𝐴 = 6000 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 = 83 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2 , and 𝛼 = 19.0 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃).

(Besivilla, Problem 108, Page

104)

9. A steel rod 3 𝑓𝑡. long with a cross-sectional area of 0.25 𝑖𝑛2 is

stretched between two fixed points. The tensile force is
1200 𝑙𝑏 𝑎𝑡 40 ℉. Using 𝐸 = 29 𝑥 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖 and 𝛼 = 6.5 𝑥 10−6 𝑖𝑛/(𝑖𝑛 ∙ ℉),
calculate a.) the temperature at which the stress in the bar
will be 10 𝑘𝑠𝑖; and b.) the temperature at which the stress
will be zero.
 (Gillesania, Problem 264, Page 110)

10. An aluminum cylinder and a bronze a cylinder are centered

and secured between the two rigid slab by tightening two steel
bolts as shown in the figure assuming there is a 0.05 𝑚𝑚 gap
between the right end of the bronze cylinder and the slab at
10 ℃. At 10 ℃ no axial loads exists in the assembly. For the
aluminum cylinder, 𝐴 = 1200 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 = 70 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2 and 𝛼 =
23 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃. For the bronze cylinder, 𝐴 = 1800 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 =
83 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2 and 𝛼 = 19 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃. For each bolt, 𝐴 = 500 𝑚𝑚2, 𝐸 =
200 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2 and 𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃.

a) Find the stress of steel at 90 ℃.

b) Find the stress of aluminum at 90 ℃.
c) Find the stress of bronze at 90 ℃.

(Besivilla, Problem 111, Page 107)

MODERATE

1.) The rigid bar AB is pinned at O and connected to two rods

as shown in the figure. If the bar AB is horizontal at a
given temperature, determine the ratio of the areas of the
two rods so that the bar AB will be horizontal at any
temperature.

(Besivilla, Problem 119, Page 113)

2.) A rod is composed of the three segments as shown. If 𝑃1 and

𝑃2 each equal to 50 kN and the walls yield 0.300 𝑚𝑚 the
temperature drops 50 ℃,

(Besivilla, Problem 118, Page 113)

a.) Compute the stress

of bronze.
b.) Compute the stress
of aluminum.
c.) Compute the stress
of steel.
3.) At what temperature will the aluminum and steel segments
shown in the figure have numerically equal stresses?

(Besivilla, Problem 116, Page 111)

4.) The composite bar shown is firmly attached to unyielding
supports. An axial load 𝑃 = 200 𝑘𝑁 is applied at 20 ℃. Assume
𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃) for steel and 23.0 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃) for aluminum.
 a.) Find the reaction at the left support.
b.) Find the stress at the aluminum.
c.) Find the stress at the steel.

(Besivilla, Problem 115, Page 110)

5.) An aluminum cylinder and a bronze cylinder are centered

and secured between two rigid slabs by tightening two steel
bolts, as shown. At 10 ℃ no axial load exists in the
 assembly. For the aluminum cylinder, 𝐴 = 1200 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 =
70 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2, and 𝛼 = 23 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃). For the bronze cylinder,
𝐴 = 1800 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 = 83 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2 , and 𝛼 = 19.0 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃). For each
steel bolt, 𝐴 = 500 𝑚𝑚2, 𝐸 = 200 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2, and 𝛼=
11.7 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃).

a.) Find the stress of steel at 90 ℃.

b.) Find the stress of aluminum at 90 ℃.
c.) Find the stress of bronze at 90 ℃.

(Besivilla, Problem 110, Page 106)

6.) For the sleeve-bolt assembly shown in figure, assume the

nut is tightened to produce an initial stress of 15 𝑥 106 𝑁/𝑚2
in the bronze sleeve. Find the stress in the bronze sleeve
after a temperature size of 70 ℃. For the steel bolt, 𝐴 =
450 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃. For bronze sleeve, 𝐴 =
900 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 = 63 𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝛼 = 19 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃.

(Besivilla, Problem 114, Page 109)

7.) At 20 ℃, there is a gap ∆ = 0.2 𝑚𝑚 between the lower end of
the bronze bar and the rigid slab supported by two steel
bars as shown. Neglecting the mass of the slab, determine
the stress in each rod when the temperature of the assembly
is increased to 100 ℃. For the bronze rod, 𝐴 = 600 𝑚𝑚2, 𝐸 =
83 𝑥 109 N/𝑚2 , and 𝛼 = 18.9 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃). For each steel rod, 𝐴 =
400 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 = 200 𝑥 109 𝑁/𝑚2 , and 𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃).

(Besivilla, Problem 109, Page 105)

8.) The composite bar shown in Fig. P-273 is firmly attached
to unyielding supports. An axial force 𝑃 = 50 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 is applied
at 60 ℉. Compute the stress in each material at 120 ℉.
Assume 𝛼 = 6.5 𝑥 10−6 𝑖𝑛/(𝑖𝑛 ∙ ℉) for the steel and 12.8 𝑥 10−6 𝑖𝑛/(𝑖𝑛 ∙
℉) for aluminum.

(Gillesania, Problem 273, Page 119)

9.) At what temperature will the aluminum and steel segments
in Prob. 273 have numerically equal stress?

(Gillesania, Problem 274, Page 120)

10.) As shown in Fig. P-269, there is a gap between the aluminum
bar and the rigid slab that is supported by two copper
bars. At 10 ℃, ∆ = 0.18 𝑚𝑚. Neglecting the mass of the slab,
calculate the stress in each rod when the temperature in
the assembly is increased to 95 ℃. For each copper bar, 𝐴 =
500 𝑚𝑚2 , 𝐸 = 120 𝐺𝑃𝑎, and 𝛼 = 16.8 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚 ∙ ℃). For the aluminum
bar, 𝐴 = 400 𝑚𝑚2, 𝐸 = 70 𝐺𝑃𝑎, and 𝛼 = 23.1 𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃).

(Gillesania, Problem 269, Page 115)

DIFFICULT
1. A rod is composed of the three segments shown. If the axial
loads P1 and P2 are each zero,
a. Compute the stress induced in each material by a temperature
drop of 30℃ if the walls are rigid and
b. Compute the stress induced in each material by temperature
drop of 30℃ if the walls spring together by 0.300 mm.
Assume 𝛼 = 18.9𝜇𝑚/(𝑚℃) for bronze, 23 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃ for aluminum, and
11.7 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃ for steel.
(Besivilla,
Problem 117)
2. A rigid horizontal bar of negligible mass is connected to two
rods as shown in the figure. If the system is initially
stress-free, determine the temperature change that will cause
a tensile stress of 60 MPa in the steel rod.
(Besivilla,
Problem 120)
3. For the assembly shown, determine the stress in each of the
two vertical rods if the temperature rises 40℃ after the load
P = 50 kN is applied. Neglect the deformation and the mass of
the horizontal bar AB.
(Besivilla, Problem
121)
4. The lower ends of the three steel rods shown are the same
level before the force P = 600 kN is applied to the horizontal
rigid slab. For each rod, A = 2000 mm2,𝛼 = 11.7 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃, and E
= 200 GPa. Determine the relation between the force in rod C
and the change in temperature ∆𝑇, measured in degree Celcius.
Neglect the mass of the rigid slab.
(Besivilla, Problem 122)
5. Four bars jointly support a mass of 15 Mg as shown. Each bar
has a cross sectional area of 600 mm2. If bars A and D are
steel and bars B and C are aluminum. For aluminum, 𝛼 =
23.0 𝜇𝑚/𝑚℃ and E = 70 x 109 N/m2, find the load carried the by
each bar after a temperature rises of 50℃.
(Besivilla, Problem 124)
6. Four steel bars jointly support a mass of 15 Mg as shown.
Each bar has across-sectional area of 600 mm2. Find the load
carried by each bar after a temperature rise of 50°C. Assume
α = 11.7 µm/(m·°C) and E = 200 GPa.
(Gillesania, Problem 276)
7. A bronze sleeve is slipped over a steel bolt and held in place
by a nut that is turned to produce an initial stress of 2000
psi in the bronze. For the steel bolt, A = 0.75 in2, E = 29 ×
106 psi, and α = 6.5 × 10–6 in/(in·°F). For the bronze sleeve,
A = 1.5 in2, E = 12 ×106 psi and α = 10.5 × 10–6 in/(in·°F).
After a temperature rise of 100°F, find the final stress in
each material.
(Gillesania, Problem 270)
8. Calculate the increase in stress for each segment of the
compound bar shown in Fig. P266 if the temperature increases
by 100°F. Assume that the supports are unyielding and that
the bar is suitably braced against buckling.
(Gillesania, Problem
266)
9. A rigid bar of negligible weight is supported as shown in
Fig. P-271. If W = 80 kN, compute the temperature change that
will cause the stress in the steel rod to be 55 MPa. Assume
the coefficients of linear expansion are 11.7 µm/(m·°C) for
steel and 18.9 µm /(m·°C) for bronze.
(Gillesania, Problem 271)
10. For the assembly in Fig. 271, find the stress in each
rod if the temperature rises 30°C.
(Gillesania, Problem 272)