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Solutions 541

Very Short/Short Answer Questions Long Answer Questions

1. Why is the osmotic pressure considered to be a colligative 14. Define osmotic pressure. Arrange the following in increasing
property? order of osmotic pressure and give reasons in support of
2. If glycerine [C3H5 (OH)3] and ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) are your answer:
sold at same price per kg, which would be cheaper for (a) 34×2 g per litre of sucrose (M . Wt = 342)
preparing an antifreeze solution for the radiator of an (b) 90×0 g per litre of glucose (M. Wt = 180)
automobile?
(c) 5×85 g per litre of NaCl (M . Wt = 58×5)
3. Why is liquid ammonia bottle first cooled in ice before opening
it? 15. (a) In a solution of three components A, B and C, mole
4. At the same temperature, hydrogen is more soluble in water fraction of A is 0×5 and that of C is 0×2. What is mole
than helium. Which of them will have a higher value of KH fraction of B?
and Why ? (KH = Henry’s constant). (b) Under what condition, molality and molarity of a solution
5. Two liquids X and Y have boiling points 110 °C and 130 °C are equal?
respectively. Which one of them has higher vapour pressure (c) Calculate the osmotic pressure of mixture of 100 mL of
at 50 °C ? 6% urea solution and 100 mol of 18% glucose solution
6. CCl4 and H2O are immiscible whereas C2H5OH and H2O are at 27°C. [R = 0×0821 L atm mol–1 K–1].
miscible in all proportions. Correlate this behaviour with the 16. (a) Define the following terms:
molecular structures of the three compounds. (i) Mole fraction
7. An aqueous solution freezes at 272×4 K while pure water at (ii) Ideal solution
273 K. Determine
(b) 15.0 g of an unknown molecular material is dissolved in
(a) the molality of solution
450 g of water. The resulting solution freezes at – 0.34°C.
(b) boiling point of solution
What is the molar mass of the material?
(c) lowering of vapour pressure of water at 298 K.
(Kf for water = 1.86 K mol–1)
[Given Kf = 1×86 K kg mol–1, Kb = 0×512 K mg mol–1,
vapour pressure of pure water is 23×756 mm Hg]. 17. (a) Explain the following:
8. Vapour pressure of pure water at 35 °C is 31. 82 mm Hg. When (i) Henry’s law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid
27. 0 g of solute is dissolved in 100 g of water (at same (ii) Boiling point elevation constant for a solvent
temperature), vapour pressure of solution thus formed is 30. (b) A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared
95 mm Hg. Calculate molecular mass of the solute. by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of water. This so-
9. What do you expect to happen when Red Blood Corpuscles lution has a boiling point of 100.42°C. What mass of
(RBC’s) are placed in following solutions: glycerol was dissolved to make this solution? (Kb for
(i) 1% NaCl solution water = 0.512 K kg mol–1)
(ii) 0.5% NaCl solution 18. (a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile com-
10. Find the boiling point of a solution containing 0.520 g of ponents.
glucose (C6H12O6) dissolved in 80.2 g of water. How does Raoult’s law become a special case of Henry’s
[Given Kb for water = 0.52 K/m] law?
11. Calculate the mole fraction of benzene in solution (b) 1.00 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of
containing 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride. benzene lowered the freezing point of benzene by 0.40
12. A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene =
(CCl3COOH) is heated to its boiling point. The solution has 5.12 kg mol–1)
the boiling point of 100.18°C. Determine the Van’t Hoff factor 19. (a) Define the following terms:
for trichloro-acetic acid. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kgmol–1) (i) Ideal solution (ii) Azeotrope
13. 18 g of glucose, C6H12O6 (Molar Mass = 180 g mol –1) is dis-
(iii) Osmotic pressure
solved in 1 kg of water in a sauce pan. At what
temperature will this solution boil? (b) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as
(Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol–1, boiling point of pure water = 10% by weight. What should be the molality of the so-
373.15 K). lution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol–1)

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542 Chemistry
Multiple Choice Questions 24. Osmotic pressure of a sugar solution at 24°C is 2.5
20. When mercuric iodide is added to the aqueous solution of atmosphere. The concentration of the solution in gm mole
potassium iodide then per litre is
(a) freezing point is raised. (a) 10.25 (b) 1.025
(c) 102.5 (d) 0.1025
(b) freezing point is lowered.
25. A solution is obtained by dissolving 12 gm of urea (mol. wt.
(c) freezing point does not change.
60) in a litre of water. Another solution is obtained by
(d) boiling point does not change. dissolving 68.4 gm of cane sugar (mol. wt. 342) in a litre of
21. Which one of the following salts will have the same value of water at the same temperature. The lowering of vapour
van’t Hoff factor (i) as that of K4[Fe (CN)6]. pressure in the first solution is
(a) same as that of 2nd solution
(a) Al2(SO4)3 (b) NaCl (b) nearly one-fifth of the 2nd solution
(c) Al (NO3)3 (d) Na2SO4. (c) double that of 2nd solution
22. For a dilute solution, Raoult’s law states that (d) nearly five times that of 2nd solution
(a) the lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the mole 26. Freezing point of an aqueous solution is (–0.186)°C. Elevation
fraction of the solute of boiling point of the same solution is Kb = 0.512°C,
(b) the relative lowering of vapour pressure is equal to the Kf = 1.86°C, find the increase in boiling point.
mole fraction of the solute (a) 0.186°C (b) 0.0512°C
(c) the relative lowering of vapour pressure is proportional (c) 0.092°C (d) 0.2372°C.
to the amount of solute in solution 27. The relationship between osmotic pressure at 273 K when
(d) the vapour pressure of the solution is equal to the 10g glucose (P1), 10 g urea (P2), and 10g sucrose (P3) are
mole fraction of the solvent dissolved in 250 ml of water is
23. The normality of 10% (weight/volume) acetic acid is (a) P1 > P2 > P3 (b) P3 > P1 > P2
(a) 1 N (b) 10 N
(c) P2 > P1 > P3 (d) P2 > P3 > P1
(c) 1.7 N (d) 0.83 N

1. Which of the following modes of expressing concentration (a) more than the theoretical weight
is independent of temperature? (b) less than the theoretical weight
(a) Molarity (b) Formality (c) same as theoretical weight
(c) Normality (d) Molality (d) None of the above
2. The solubility of a gas in water depends on
7. What is the molarity of H2SO4 solution that has a density
(a) nature of the gas (b) temperature
1.84 gm/cc at 35°C and contains 98% H2SO4 by weight?
(c) pressure of the gas (d) All of these
(a) 4.18 M (b) 8.14 M
3. If one mole of a substance is present in 1 kg of solvent, then
its concentration is called (c) 18.4 M (d) 18 M
(a) Molar conc. (b) Molal conc. 8. The amount of oxalic acid (mol. wt. 63) required to prepare
(c) Normality (d) Strength wt/wt. 500 ml of its 0.10 N solution is
4. Equal volumes of 0.1 M HCl and 0.1M NaOH are mixed. The (a) 0.315 g (b) 3.150 g
concentration of the resulting solution will be (c) 6.300 g (d) 63.00 g
(a) 0.1 M (b) 0.05 M 9. The molarity of the solution containing 7.1 g of Na2SO4 in
(c) 0.2 M (d) 0.0 M 100 ml of aqueous solution is
5. When the solute is present in trace quantities the following (a) 2 M (b) 0.5 M
expression is used (c) 1 M (d) 0.05 M
(a) gram per million (b) milligram percent 10. A solution of CaCl2 is 0.5 mol/litre, then the moles of chloride
(c) microgram percent (d) parts per million ions in 500 ml. will be
6. For preparing 0.1 N solution of a compound from its impure (a) 0.25 (b) 0.50
sample of which the percentage purity is known, the weight
(c) 0.75 (d) 1.00
of the substance required will be

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Solutions 543
11. What will be the molality of a solution having 18 g of glucose 20. The vapour pressure of a solvent A is 0.80 atm. When a non-
(mol. wt. = 180) dissolved in 500 g of water? volatile substance B is added to this solvent its vapour
(a) 1 m (b) 0.5 m pressure drops to 0.6 atm. the mole fraction of B in the solution
(c) 0.2 m (d) 2 m is
12. 50 ml of 10N H2SO4, 25 ml of 12 N HCl and 40 ml of 5 N HNO3 (a) 0.25 (b) 0.50
were mixed together and the volume of the mixture was made (c) 0.75 (d) 0.90
1000 ml by adding water. The normality of the resulting 21. At a particular temperature, the vapour pressures of two
solution will be liquids A and B are respectively 120 and 180 mm of mercury.
(a) 1 N (b) 2 N If 2 moles of A and 3 moles of B are mixed to form an ideal
(c) 3 N (d) 4 N solution, the vapour pressure of the solution at the same
13. An aqueous solution of 6.3 g oxalic acid dihydrate is made temperature will be (in mm of mercury)
upto 250 ml. The volume of 0.1 N NaOH required to completely (a) 156 (b) 145
neutralize 10 ml of this solution is (c) 150 (d) 108
22. At room temperature, the mole fraction of a solute is 0.25 and
(a) 40 ml (b) 20 ml
the vapour pressure of a solvent is 0.80 atm. Then the lowering
(c) 10 ml (d) 4 ml
of vapour pressure is
14. 2.5 litre of 1 M NaOH solution are mixed with another 3 litre
(a) 0.75 (b) 0.60
of 0.5 M NaOH solution. Then the molarity of the resulting (c) 0.20 (d) 0.80
solution is 23. Which of the following is not correct for ideal solution?
(a) 0.80 M (b) 1.0 M (a) DSmixing = 0 (b) DVmixing = 0
(c) 0.73 M (d) 0.50 M (c) DHmixing = 0 (d) It obeys Raoult's law
15. 12g of urea is dissolved in 1 litre of water and 68.4 g of 24. Which of the following does not show positive deviation
sucrose is dissolved in 1 litre of water. The lowering of vapour from Raoult's law?
pressure of first case is (a) Benzene-Chloroform
(a) equal to second (b) greater than second (b) Benzene-Acetone
(c) less than second (d) double that of second (c) Benzene-Ethanol
16. Which of the following statement is correct if the (d) Benzene-Carbon tetrachloride
intermolecular forces in liquids A, B and C are in the order 25. Identify the mixture that shows positive deviation from
A < B < C? Raoult's law
(a) B evaporates more readily than A (a) CHCl3 + (CH3)2CO
(b) B evaporates less readily than C (b) (CH3)2CO + C6H5NH2
(c) A and B evaporates at the same rate (c) CHCl3 + C6H6
(d) A evaporates more readily than C (d) (CH3)2CO + CS2
26. Azeotropic mixture of HCl and H2O has
17. The aqueous solution that has the lowest vapour pressure
(a) 48% HCl (b) 22.2% HCl
at a given temperature is
(c) 36% HCl (d) 20.2% HCl
(a) 0.1 molal sodium phosphate 27. Which of the following is not a colligative property?
(b) 0.1 molal barium chloride (a) Depression in freezing point
(c) 0.1 molal glucose (b) Elevation of boiling point
(d) 0.1 molal acetic acid (c) Osmotic pressure
18. Vapour pressure of CCl4 at 25°C is 143 mm Hg. 0.5 g of a non- (d) Modification of refractive index
volatile solute (mol. wt. 65) is dissolved in 100 ml of CCl4. 28. Which of the following is a colligative property?
Find the vapour pressure of the solution. (Density of CCl4 = (a) Change in free energy (b) Change in pressure
1.58 g/cm3) (c) Heat of vapourisation (d) Osmotic pressure
29. Which of the following colligative properties can provide
(a) 141.93 mm Hg (b) 94.39 mm Hg
molar mass of proteins (or polymers or colloids) with greatest
(c) 199.34 mm Hg (d) 143.99 mm Hg precision?
19. The vapour pressure of solvent decreases by 10 mm of (a) Depression in freezing point
mercury when a non-volatile solute was added to the solvent. (b) Osmotic pressure
The mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2. What (c) Relative lowering of vapour pressure
should be the mole fraction of the solvent if the decrease in (d) Elevation of boiling point
vapour pressure is to be 20 mm of mercury ? 30. Isotonic solutions have same
(a) 0.8 (b) 0.6 (a) molar concentration (b) molality
(c) 0.4 (d) 0.4 (c) normality (d) None of these

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544 Chemistry
31. When mango is placed in dilute aqueous solution of 42. If the solution boils at a temperature T1 and the solvent at a
hydrochloric acid, it temperature T2 the elevation of boiling point is given by
(a) shrinks (b) swells (a) T1 + T2 (b) T1 – T2
(c) bursts (d) Nothing happens (c) T2 – T1 (d) T1 + T2
32. As a result of osmosis, the volume of the solution
43. Which of the following will have highest boiling point at 1
(a) gradually decreases (b) gradually increases
atm pressure?
(c) is not affected (d) Any of the three
33. The relationship between osmotic pressure at 273 K when (a) 0.1 M NaCl (b) 0.1 M Sucrose
10g glucose (P1), 10 g urea (P2), and 10g sucrose (P3) are (c) 0.1 M BaCl2 (d) 0.1 M Glucose
dissolved in 250 ml of water is 44. A solution of 1 molal concentration of a solute will have
(a) P1 > P2 > P3 (b) P3 > P1 > P2 maximum boiling point elevation when the solvent is
(a) ethyl alcohol (b) acetone
(c) P2 > P1 > P3 (d) P2 > P3 > P1
(c) benzene (d) chloroform
34. 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M CH3COOH are kept in separate
45. The normal boiling point of water is 373 K (at 760 mm Hg).
containers. If their osmotic pressures are P 1 and P 2
Vapour pressure of water at 298 K is 23 mm Hg. If enthalpy of
respectively then what is the correct statement?
vaporisation is 40.656 kJ mol–1, the boiling point of water at
(a) P1 > P2 (b) P1 = P2
23 mm Hg pressure will be
(c) P1 < P2 (d) P1 = P2 = 0 atm.
35. What happen when isotonic solution of A (mol. wt. 342) and (a) 250 K (b) 294.4 K
B (mol. wt. 60) are put into communication through (c) 51.6 K (d) 12.5 K
semipermeable membrane? 46. If the elevation in boiling point of a solution of 10 gm of
(a) Transference of solvent from solution of A to that of B solute (mol. wt. = 100) in 100 gm of water is DTb, the
takes place ebullioscopic constant of water is
(b) Transference of solvent from solution of B to that of A (a) 10 (b) 10 DTb
takes place
(c) No transference of solvent from solution of A to that of DTb
(c) DT b (d)
B takes place 10
(d) Change in temperature of the solutions takes place 47. The rise in the boiling point of a solution containing 1.8 g of
36. Which among the following will show maximum osmotic glucose in 100 g of solvent is 0.1°C. The molal elevation
pressure? constant of the liquid is
(a) 1 M NaCl (b) 1 M MgCl2 (a) 0.01 K/m (b) 0.1 K/m
(c) 1 M (NH4)3PO4 (d) 1 M Na2SO4 (c) 1 K/m (d) 10 K/m
37. Isotonic solutions have 48. The boiling point of a solution of 0.11 g of a substance in 15
(a) same boiling point (b) same vapour pressure g of ether was found to be 0.1°C higher than that of pure
(c) same melting point (d) same osmotic pressure ether. The molecular weight of the substance will be (Kb =
38. An aqueous solution of sucrose, C12H22O11, containing 34.2 2.16°K kg mol–1)
g/ litre has an osmotic pressure of 2.38 atmospheres at 17°C. (a) 148 (b) 158
For an aqueous solution of glucose, C6H12O6 to be isotonic (c) 168 (d) 178
with this solution, it would have 49. The boiling point of 0.1 molal K4[Fe(CN)6] solution will be
(a) 34.2 g/lit of glucose (b) 17.1 g/lit of glucose (Given Kb for water = 0.52°K kg mol–1)
(c) 18.0 g/lit of glucose (d) 36.0 g/lit of glucose (a) 100.52°C (b) 100.104°C
39. The osmotic pressure of 5% (mass-volume) solution of cane (c) 100.26°C (d) 102.6°C
sugar at 150°C (mol. mass of sugar = 342) is 50. The freezing point of equimolal aqueous solution will be
(a) 4 atm (b) 5.07 atm highest for
(c) 3.55 atm (d) 2.45 atm (a) C6H5NH3+Cl– (b) Ca(NO3)2
40. A 1% aqueous solution (mass by volume) of a certain (c) La(NO3)2 (d) C6H12O6
substance is isotonic with a 3% solution of dextrose i.e. 51. If all the following four compounds were sold at the same
glucose (molar mass 180) at a given temperature. The molar price, which would be cheapest for preparing an antifreeze
mass of the substance is solution for a car radiator?
(a) 60 (b) 120 (a) CH3OH (b) C2H5OH
(c) 180 (d) 360 (c) C2H4(OH)2 (d) C3H5(OH)3
41. A 5% solution of cane sugar (mol. wt. = 342) is isotonic with 52. Which of the following 0.10 m aqueous solution will have
1% solution of substance X. The molecular weight of X is the lowest freezing point?
(a) 34.2 (b) 171.2 (a) Al2(SO4)3 (b) C6H10O5
(c) 68.4 (d) 136.8 (c) KI (d) C12H22O11

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Solutions 545
53. Which of the following aqueous solution will have highest 61. The van't Hoff factor for 0.1 M Ba(NO3)2 solution is 2.74.
depression in freezing point? The degree of dissociation is
(a) 0.1 M Urea (b) 0.1 M Sucrose (a) 91.3% (b) 87%
(c) 0.1 M AlCl3 (d) 0.1 M K4 [Fe(CN)6] (c) 100% (d) 74%
54. The depression in freezing point for 1 M urea, 1 M glucose 62. Formation of a solution from two components can be
and 1 M NaCl are in the ratio considered as
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 : 2 (i) pure solvent ® separated solvent molecules, DH1
(c) 1 : 1 : 2 (d) None of these
(ii) pure solute ® separated solute molecules, DH2
55. Which one of the following aqueous solutions will have the
lowest freezing point? (iii) separated solvent and solute molecules ®
(a) 0.1 molal solution of urea solution, DH3
(b) 0.1 molal solution of sucrose Solution so formed will be ideal if
(c) 0.1 molal solution of sodium chloride
(a) DHsoln = DH1 + DH 2 - DH3
(d) 0.1 molal solution of calcium chloride
56. The depression of freezing point is directly proportional to (b) DHsoln = DH1 - DH 2 - DH3
(a) mole fraction of the solution
(b) molarity of the solution (c) DHsoln = DH3 - DH1 - DH 2
(c) molality of the solution
(d) molarity of the solvent (d) DHsoln = DH1 + DH 2 + DH3
57. A 0.5 molal solution of ethylene glycol in water is used as 63. If liquids A and B form an ideal solution
coolant in a car. If the freezing point constant of water be
(a) the enthalpy of mixing is zero
1.86°C per mole, the mixture shall freeze at
(a) 0.93°C (b) –0.93°C (b) the entropy of mixing is zero
(c) 1.86°C (d) –1.86°C (c) the free energy of mixing is zero
58. An aqueous solution freezes at –0.186°C (Kf = 1.86, Kb = (d) the free energy as well as the entropy of mixing are each
0.512) what is the elevation in boiling point? zero
(a) 0.186 (b) 0.512
64. 25 ml of a solution of barium hydroxide on titration with a 0.1
(c) 0.86 (d) 0.0512
molar solution of hydrochloric acid gave a titre value of 35
59. The molal freezing point constant for water is 1.86°C/m.
Therefore, the freezing point of 0.1 M NaCl solution in water ml. The molarity of barium hydroxide solution was
is expected to be (a) 0.07 (b) 0.14
(a) –1.86°C (b) –0.186°C (c) 0.28 (d) 0.35
(c) –0.372°C (d) + 0.372°C 65. During depression of freezing point in a solution the
60. The molecular weight of benzoic acid in benzene as
following are in equilibrium
determined by depression in freezing point method
corresponds to (a) liquid solvent, solid solvent
(a) ionization of benzoic acid (b) liquid solvent, solid solute
(b) dimerization of benzoic acid (c) liquid solute, solid solute
(c) trimerization of benzoic acid (d) liquid solute, solid solvent
(d) solvation of benzoic acid

1. A 0.0020 m aqueous solution of an ionic compound (a) Addition of NaCl (b) Addition of Na 2SO4
Co(NH3)5(NO2)Cl freezes at – 0.00732 °C. Number of moles
of ions which 1 mol of ionic compound produces on being (c) Addition of 1.00 molal KI (d) Addition of water
dissolved in water will be (Kf = – 1.86°C/m) 3. A solution of sucrose (molar mass = 342 g mol–1) has been
[CBSE-PMT 2009] prepared by dissolving 68.5 g of sucrose in 1000 g of water.
The freezing point of the solution obtained will be
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2
(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol–1). [CBSE-PMT 2010]
2. An aqueous solution is 1.00 molal in KI. Which change will
cause the vapour pressure of the solution to increase? (a) – 0.372°C (b) – 0.520°C
[CBSE-PMT 2010] (d) + 0.372°C (d) – 0.570°C

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546 Chemistry

4. 25.3 g of sodium carbonate, Na 2 CO3 is dissolved in enough 12. In mixture A and B components show -ve deviation as
water to make 250 mL of solution. If sodium carbonate (a) D Vmix > 0 [AIEEE 2002]
dissociates completely, molar concentration of sodium ions, (b) D Hmix < 0
Na + and carbonate ions, CO 32– are respectively (Molar mass (c) A – B interaction is weaker than A – A and B – B interaction
of Na2CO3 = 106 g mol–1) [CBSE-PMT 2010] (d) A – B interaction is stronger than A – A and B – B
(a) 0.955 M and 1.910 M (b) 1.910 M and 0.955 M interaction.
(c) 1.90 M and 1.910 M (d) 0.477 M and 0.477 M 13. A pressure cooker reduces cooking time for food because
[AIEEE 2003]
5. The freezing point depression constant for water is
– 1.86ºC m–1. If 5.00 g Na2SO4 is dissolved in 45.0 g H2O, the (a) boiling point of water involved in cooking is increased
freezing point is changed by – 3.82ºC. Calculate the van’t (b) the higher pressure inside the cooker crushes the food
Hoff factor for Na2SO4 [CBSE-PMT 2011] material
(a) 2.05 (b) 2.62 (c) 3.11 (d) 0.381 (c) cooking involves chemical changes helped by a rise in
temperature
6. The van’t Hoff factor i for a compound which undergoes
(d) heat is more evenly distributed in the cooking space
dissociation in one solvent and association in other solvent
is respectively : [CBSE-PMT 2011] 14. In a 0.2 molal aqueous solution of a weak acid HX the degree
of ionization is 0.3. Taking kf for water as 1.85, the freezing
(a) less than one and greater than one.
point of the solution will be nearest to [AIEEE 2003]
(b) less than one and less than one. (a) – 0.360º C (b) – 0.260º C
(c) greater than one and less than one. (c) + 0.480º C (d) – 0.480º C
(d) greater than one and greater than one. 15. Which one of the following aqueous solutions will exihibit
7. Mole fraction of the solute in a 1.00 molal aqueous solution is highest boiling point ? [AIEEE 2004]
[CBSE-PMT 2011] (a) 0.015 M urea (b) 0.01 M KNO3
(a) 0.1770 (b) 0.0177 (c) 0.01 M Na2SO4 (d) 0.015 M glucose
(c) 0.0344 (d) 1.7700 16. 6.02 × 1020 molecules of urea are present in 100 ml of its
solution. The concentration of urea solution is
8. A 0.1 molal aqueous solution of a weak acid is 30% ionized. If
[AIEEE 2004]
Kf for water is 1.86°C/m, the freezing point of the solution will
be : [CBSE-PMT 2011 M] (a) 0.02 M (b) 0.01 M
(a) – 0.18°C (b) – 0.54°C (c) 0.001 M (d) 0.1 M
(Avogadro constant, NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1)
(c) – 0.36°C (d) – 0.24°C
17. To neutralise completely 20 mL of 0.1 M aqueous solution of
9. 200 mL of an aqueous solution of a protein contains its 1.26 g.
phosphorous acid (H3PO3), the value of 0.1 M aqueous KOH
The osmotic pressure of this solution at 300 K is found to be
solution required is [AIEEE 2004]
2.57 × 10–3 bar. The molar mass of protein will be (R = 0.083 L
(a) 40 mL (b) 20 mL
bar mol–1 K–1) [CBSE-PMT 2011 M]
(c) 10 mL (d) 60 mL
(a) 51022 g mol–1 (b) 122044 g mol–1
18. For which of the following parameters the structural isomers
(c) 31011 g mol–1 (d) 61038 g mol–1 C2H5OH and CH3OCH3 would be expected to have the same
10. PA and PB are the vapour pressure of pure liquid components, values? [AIEEE 2004]
A and B, respectively of an ideal binary solution. If XA (Assume ideal behaviour)
represents the mole fraction of component A, the total pressure
(a) Boiling points
of the solution will be. [CBSE-PMT 2012]
(b) Vapour pressure at the same temperature
(a) PA + XA (PB – PA) (b) PA + XA (PA – PB)
(c) Heat of vapourization
(c) PB + XA (PB – PA) (d) PB + XA (PA – PB)
(d) Gaseous densities at the same temperature and pressure
11. Freezing point of an aqueous solution is 19. Which of the following liquid pairs shows a positive
(–0.186)°C. Elevation of boiling point of the same solution is deviation from Raoult’s law ? [AIEEE 2004]
Kb = 0.512°C,Kf = 1.86°C, find the increase in boiling point.
(a) Water - nitric acid
[AIEEE 2002]
(b) Benzene - methanol
(a) 0.186°C (b) 0.0512°C
(c) Water - hydrochloric acid
(c) 0.092°C (d) 0.2372°C.
(d) Acetone - chloroform

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Solutions 547
20. Which one of the following statements is FALSE? 28. A 5.25% solution of a substance is isotonic with a 1.5% solu-
[AIEEE 2004] tion of urea (molar mass = 60 g mol–1) in the same solvent. If the
(a) The correct order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M densities of both the solutions are assumed to be equal to
aqueous solution of each compound is 1.0 g cm–3, molar mass of the substance will be [AIEEE 2007]
BaCl 2 > KCl > CH3COOH > Sucrose (a) 210.0 g mol–1 (b) 90.0 g mol–1
(b) The osmotic pressure (p) of a solution is given by the (c) 115.0 g mol–1 (d) 105.0 g mol–1.
equation p = MRT, where M is the molarity of the solution 29. At 80° C, the vapour pressure of pure liquid ‘A’ is 520 mm Hg
(c) Raoult’s law states that the vapour pressure of a and that of pure liquid ‘B’ is 1000 mm Hg. If a mixture solution
component over a solution is proportional to its mole of ‘A’ and ‘B’ boils at 80° C and 1 atm pressure, the amount of
fraction ‘A’ in the mixture is (1 atm = 760 mm Hg) [AIEEE 2008]
(d) Two sucrose solutions of same molality prepared in
(a) 52 mol percent (b) 34 mol percent
different solvents will have the same freezing point
depression (c) 48 mol percent (d) 50 mol percent
30. The vapour pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mm Hg. If 18 g of
21. If a is the degree of dissociation of Na 2SO 4 , the Vant
glucose (C6H12O6) is added to 178.2 g of water at 20°C, the
Hoff’s factor (i) used for calculating the molecular mass is
vapour pressure of the resulting solution will be [AIEEE 2008]
[AIEEE 2005]
(a) 1 – 2 a (b) 1 + 2 a (a) 17.325 mm Hg (b) 15.750 mm Hg
(c) 1 – a (d) 1 + a (c) 16.500 mm Hg (d) 17.500 mm Hg
22. Benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solution. At 20°C, the 31. A binary liquid solution is prepared by mixing n-heptane and
vapour pressure of benzene is 75 torr and that of toluene is ethanol. Which one of the following statements is correct
22 torr. The partial vapour pressure of benzene at 20°C for a regarding the behaviour of the solution? [AIEEE 2009]
solution containing 78 g of benzene and 46 g of toluene in (a) The solution is non-ideal, showing – ve deviation from
torr is [AIEEE 2005]
Raoult’s Law.
(a) 53.5 (b) 37.5
(b) The solution is non-ideal, showing + ve deviation from
(c) 25 (d) 50
Raoult’s Law.
23. Two solutions of a substance (non electrolyte) are mixed in
the following manner. 480 ml of 1.5 M first solution + 520 ml (c) n-heptane shows + ve deviation while ethanol shows
of 1.2 M second solution. What is the molarity of the final – ve deviation from Raoult’s Law.
mixture ? [AIEEE 2005] (d) The solution formed is an ideal solution.
(a) 2.70 M (b) 1.344 M 32. Two liquids X and Y form an ideal solution. At 300 K, vapour
(c) 1.50 M (d) 1.20 M pressure of the solution containing 1 mol of X and 3 mol of Y
24. Equimolar solutions in the same solvent have is 550 mm Hg. At the same temperature, if 1 mol of Y is further
[AIEEE 2005] added to this solution, vapour pressure of the solution
(a) different boiling and different freezing points
increases by 10 mm Hg. Vapour pressure ( in mm Hg) of X and
(b) same boiling and same freezing points
Y in their pure states will be, respectively: [AIEEE 2009]
(c) same freezing point but different boiling point
(d) same boiling point but different freezing point (a) 300 and 400 (b) 400 and 600
25. Density of a 2.05M solution of acetic acid in water is (c) 500 and 600 (d) 200 and 300
1.02 g/mL. The molality of the solution is [AIEEE 2006] 33. If sodium sulphate is considered to be completely dissociated
(a) 2.28 mol kg–1 (b) 0.44 mol kg–1 into cations and anions in aqueous solution, the change in
(c) 1.14 mol kg–1 (d) 3.28 mol kg–1
freezing point of water (DTf ), when 0.01 mol
26. 18 g of glucose (C6H12O6) is added to 178.2 g of water. The
of sodium sulphate is dissolved in 1 kg of water, is (Kf = 1.86
vapour pressure of water for this aqueous solution at 100ºC
is [AIEEE 2006] K kg mol–1) [AIEEE 2010]
(a) 76.00 Torr (b) 752.40 Torr (a) 0.372 K (b) 0.0558 K (c) 0.0744 K (d) 0.0186 K
(c) 759.00 Torr (d) 7.60 Torr 34. On mixing, heptane and octane form an ideal solution. At
27. A mixture of ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol has a vapour 373 K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid components
pressure of 290 mm Hg at 300 K. The vapour pressure of (heptane and octane) are 105 kPa and 45 kPa respectively.
propyl alcohol is 200 mm Hg. If the mole fraction of ethyl Vapour pressure of the solution obtained by mixing 25.0 g of
alcohol is 0.6, its vapour pressure (in mm Hg) at the same heptane and 35 g of octane will be (molar mass of heptane
temperature will be [AIEEE 2007] = 100 g mol–1 and of octane = 114 g mol–1) [AIEEE 2010]
(a) 360 (b) 350 (c) 300 (d) 700 (a) 72.0 kPa (b) 36.1 kPa (c) 96.2 kPa (d) 144.5 kPa

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548 Chemistry
35. A 5% solution of cane sugar (molar mass 342) is isotonic with [IIT-JEE 2009]
1% of a solution of an unknown solute. The molar mass of
(a) 4.0× 10– 4 (b) 4.0 × 10–5
unknown solute in g/mol is : [AIEEE 2011RS]
(c) 5.0 × 10– 4 (d) 4.0 × 10–6
(a) 171.2 (b) 68.4 (c) 34.2 (d) 136.2
40. Dissolving 120 g of urea (mol. wt. 60) in 1000 g of water gave
36. Kf for water is 1.86 K kg mol–1. If your automobile radiator
a solution of density 1.15 g/mL. The molarity of the solution
holds 1.0 kg of water, how many grams of ethylene glycol
is [IIT-JEE 2011]
(C2H6 O2) must you add to get the freezing point of the
solution lowered to –2.8ºC ? [AIEEE 2012] (a) 1.78 M (b) 2.00 M (c) 2.05 M (d) 2.22 M

(a) 72 g (b) 93 g (c) 39 g (d) 27 g 41. The freezing point (in °C) of a solution containing 0.1 g
of K3[Fe(CN)6] (Mol. wt. 329) in 100 g of water (Kf = 1.86 K
37. The molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 750 mL of 0.5(M)
kg mol–1) is [IIT-JEE 2011]
HCl with 250 mL of 2(M) HCl will be : [JEE M 2013]
(a) –2.3 × 10–2 (b) –5.7 × 10–2
(a) 0.875 M (b) 1.00 M (c) 1.75 M (d) 0.975 M
(c) –5.7 × 10–3 (d) –1.2 × 10–2
38. When 20 g of naphthoic acid (C11H8O2) is dissolved in 50 g
of benzene (Kf = 1.72 K kg mol–1), a freezing point depression 42. For a dilute solution containing 2.5 g of a non-volatile non-
of 2 K is observed. The Van't Hoff factor (i) is [IIT-JEE 2007] electrolyte solute in 100 g of water, the elevation
in boiling point at 1 atm pressure is 2°C. Assuming
(a) 0.5 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
concentration of solute is much lower than the concentration
39. The Henry’s law constant for the solubility of N2 gas in water of solvent, the vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of the solution is
at 298 K is 1.0 × 105 atm. The mole fraction of N2 in air is 0.8. (take Kb = 0.76 K kg mol–1) [IIT-JEE 2012]
The number of moles of N 2 from air dissolved in
(a) 724 (b) 740 (c) 736 (d) 718
10 moles of water at 298 K and 5 atm pressure is

1. An X molal solution in carbon tetrachloride show the mole (a) 6.2 g (b) 8.5 g
fraction of solute equal to 0.23527 . The value of X is (c) 12.6 g (d) 14.0 g
(a) 1.55 (b) 1.82 6. At 30°C and 40°C the vapour pressure of a liquid are 0.025
(c) 2.00 (d) 2.16 and 0.050 atm respectively. Calculate the heat of vaporization
2. 3.0 molal sodium hydroxide solution has a density of of the liquid.
1.110 gm L-1 . The molarity of this solution is (a) 14.06 cal/mol (b) 13060 cal/mol
(a) 2.97 (b) 3.05 (c) 140.8 cal /mol (d) 2160 cal/ mol
(c) 3.65 (d) 4.11 7. The equilibrium vapour pressure of water vapour over a 0.20
mole sample of water (l) is 35 torr at 27°C. If the amount of the
3. For a solution of two liquids A and B it was proved that
liquid water is decreased to 0.10 mole, the equilibrium vapour
PS = x A (p°A - p°B ) + p°B . The resulting solution will be pressure of it would be
(a) Non -ideal (b) ideal (a) 17.5 torr (b) 35.0 torr
(c) semi-ideal (d) None of these (c) 51.5 torr (d) None of these
4. The vapour pressure of water at 50°C is 92.5 torr. What will 8. A flask is partially evacuated to 400 torr pressure of air. A
be the vapour pressure of solution which consists of 1 mole small amount of benzene is introduced into the flask in order
of nonvolatile solute in 100 g of water at 50°C that some liquid will remain after equilibrium has been
(a) 906 .5 torr (b) 94.2 torr established. The vapour pressure of benzene at 25°C is 220
torr. . What is the total pressure in the flask at equilibrium at
(c) 91.8 torr (d) 90.8 torr.
25°C ?
5. When 200g of 10% solution was cooled part of the solute
(a) 120 torr (b) 510 torr
precipitated and the concentration of solution become 6% .
The mass of the precipitated solute is (c) 620 torr (d) 480 torr

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Solutions 549
9. Which of the following solutions will have the highest 15. Consider the following statements
boiling point?
1. Isotonic solutions have the same molar concentration at
(a) 0.5 molal BaCl2 a given temperature
(b) 1.0 molal KBr 2. The molal elevation constant Kb is a characteristic of a
(c) 1.8 × 1024 glucose molecules per litre. solvent, and is independent of the solute added
3. The freezing point of a 0.1 M aqueous KCl solution is
(d) 100 g powdered glucose in one litre water
more than that of a 0.1 M aqueous AlCl3 solution.
10. Two 1-litre flask A and B are connected to each other by a
Which of these statements is correct?
valve which is closed. Flask A has benzene in equilibrium
with its vapours at 30°C. The flask B, is evacuated, and the (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
valve is opened. Which of the following is true. If temperature (c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
is kept constant.’ 16. The vapour pressure of pure liquid is 70 torr at 300 K. It forms
(a) Some of the benzene molecules would move to flask B an ideal solution with another liquid Y. The mole fraction of Y
from flask A. in the solution is 0.2 and total pressure of solution is 84 torr
at 300 K. The vapour pressure of pure liquid Y at 27° C
(b) Vapour pressure will be half the initial value.
(a) 70 torr (b) 560 torr
(c) The vapour pressure remains unchanged
(c) 140 torr (d) 154 torr
(d) Some more of the liquid benzene in flask A would
17. The molecular mass of a solute cannot be calculated by which
evaporate.
of the following?
11. The vapour pressure of ethanol and methanol are 42.0 mm
and 88.5 mm Hg respectively . An ideal solution is formed at WB ´ RT po WB MA
the same temperature by mixing 46.0 g of ethanol with 16.0 g (a) M B = (b) M B =
pV (po - p)WA
of methanol. What is the mole fraction of methanol vapour ?
(a) 0.467 (b) 0.502 DTb WB ´ 1000 K b WB ´1000
(c) 0.513 (d) 0.556 (c) M B = (d) M B =
K b WA DTb ´ WA
12. Which of the following solutions will have the maximum
lowering of vapour pressure at 300 K 18. At certain hill station pure water boils at 99.725 ° C. If K b for

(a) 1 M CaCl2 (b) 1 M NaCl water is 0.513 ° C kg mol-1 , the boiling point of 0.69 m solution
(c) 1 M Phenol (d) 1 M sucrose of urea will be

13. Two Aqueous solutions S1 and S2 are separated by a (a) 103 °C (b) 100.079 °C

semipermeable membrane . Solution S1 has got a greater (c) 100.359 °C (d) unpredictable

vapour pressure than solution S2 . Water will be flowing 19. Two elements A and B form compounds of formula AB2 and

(a) from S1 to S2 AB4 . When dissolved in 20.0 g of benzene 1.0 g of AB2

(b) from S2 to S1 lowers F. pt. by 2.3° C whereas 1.0 g of AB4 lowers F. pt. by
(c) in both the directions 1.3° C. The K f for benzene is 5.4. The atomic masses of A
(d) in either direction depending upon the nature of the and B are
solute (a) 25, 42 (b) 42, 25
14. What is the degree of dissociation of sodium chloride, if the (c) 52, 48 (d) 48, 52
molar mass determined by a cryoscopic method was found to
20. The heat of vaporisation of benzene is 7353 cal mol -1 . The
be 31.80 g mol-1 [ Atomic mass Na = 23 g mol–1 Cl = 35.5 g mol–
1] ? approximate bpt. of benzene is

(a) 0.58 (b) 0.73 (a) 77.1 °C (b) 87.1 °C

(c) 0.84 (d) 0.92 (c) 101 °C (d) 95 °C

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550 Chemistry
21. The vapour pressure of a solution of the liquids A 23. How many grams of sucrose (M. wt. 342) must be dissolved
(p° = 80 mm Hg and x A = 0.4) and B (p°= 120 mm Hg and in 100 g water to produce a solution with a 105.0°C difference
between the freezing point & the boiling point temperature ?
x B = 0.6) is found to be 100 mm Hg. It shows that the (a) 460 g (b) 342 g
solution exhibits (c) 72 g (d) 34.2 g
(a) positive deviation from ideal behaviour 24. Coolent used in car radiator is aqueous solution of ethylene
glycol. In order to prevent the solution from freezing at – 0.3
(b) negative deviation from ideal behaviour
°C. How much ethylene glycol must be added to 5 kg of
(c) ideal behaviour
-1
(d) positive deviation for lower conc. and negative for higher water ? ( K f = 1.86 K kg mol )
conc. (a) 50 kg (b) 55 g
(c) 45 g (d) 40 g
1 1 25. The total vapour pressure of a solution of components A
22. Plot of Vs ( x A mole fraction of A in liquid state
xA YA and B is 600 torr. The mole fraction of component A in liquid
and vapour phase are 0.70 and 0.35 respectively. The vapour
and YA in vapour state) is linear whose slope and intercept
pressure of pure A and B are
respectively are given (a) 300 torr, 130 torr (b) 1300 torr, 300 torr
(c) 300 torr, 1300 torr (d) 300 torr, 300 torr
p oB - p oA
(a) p oB / p oA , 26. A current of dry air is passed through a solution of 2.64 g of
p oB a non volatile solute in 30.0 g of ether and then through pure
ether. The loss in weight of solution was 0.645 g and of the
p oA - p oB ether 0.0345 g. The molecular weight of the solid is
(b) p oA - p oB ,
p oB (a) 122 g (b) 12.2 g
(c) 244 g (d) 135 g
27. An ideal solution of 1 mol A and 2 mol B has vapour pressure
p oB - p oA
(c) p oB - p oA , 250 torr at 50° C. If 1 mole of A is added to the solution, the V.
p oB P. of solution becomes 300 torr. What will be the V. P. if 1 mole
of B is added to the solution instead of 1 mole of A
p oA - p oB (a) 150 torr (b) 225 torr
(d) p oB / p oA ,
p oB (c) 275 torr (d) 175 torr

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Solutions 551

EXERCISE 1
50 ´ 10 + 25 ´ 12 + 40 ´ 5
= = 1N
7. (a) 0×322 mol/kg. 1000
(b) 373×165 K.
(c) 0×137 mm Hg. 13. (a) Normality of oxalic acid = 6.3 ´ 1000 = 0.4
63 ´ 250
8. 177×38 g mol–1
N1V1 = N2V2; 0.1 ×V1 = 0.4 × 10. \ V1 = 40 ml
9. (i) They will shrink due to plasmolysis.
14. (c) M3V3 = M1V1 + M2V2
(ii) They will swell and may even burst.
\ M3 × 5.5 = 2.5 × 1 + 3 × 0.5. \ M3 = 0.727.
14. Sucrose < NaCl < Glucose
12
20. (a) 21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (c) 24. (d) 15. (a) Moles of urea = = 0.2
60
25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (c)
68.4
EXERCISE 2 Moles of sucrose = = 0. 2
342
1. (d) Molality involves weight of solute and solvent, hence it Both are non electrolyte hence lowering of V.P. will be
is independent of temperature. same.
2. (d) All are correct. See Henry's law. 16. (d) Lesser the intermolecular forces, the more the volatile
3. (b) If one mole of solute is present in 1 Kg of solvent the character.
conc. is 1 m. 17. (a) 0.1 m Na3PO4 = 0.4 m (Van't Hoff factor i = 4)
4. (b) Solution will be neutral. Concentration of each will be \ Lowering of vapour pressure will be maximum.
0.05 M since volume got doubled. 18. (a) Relative lowering of V.P. = mole fraction of Solute
5. (d) For very dil. solution the concentration is expressed in
p o - ps
ppm. = x2
po
6. (a) Since the compound is impure more than theoretical
weight is required. 143 - p s 0.5 / 65
= ; p s = 141.93 mm Hg
143 158 / 154
Wt ´1000 98 ´ 1000
7. (c) M = = ´1.84 = 18.4
M. Wt ´ V 98 ´100 19. (b) Dp = x ; Dp = x 2 ; 10 = 0.2 ;
2
po Dp ' x '2 20 x '2
Wt ´ 1000 Wt ´1000
8. (b) M = ; 0.10 = ;
E.wt. ´ V 63 ´ 500 \ x '2 = 0.4, x '1 = 1– 0.4 = 0.6
sum of mole fractions is always 1
Wt = 3.150 g
20. (a) 0.80 - 0.6 = x B ; x B = 0.25
9. (b) M = Wt ´ 1000 ; M = 7.1 ´ 1000 = 0.5M 0.80
M.Wt . ´ V 142 ´ 100
21. (a) Vapour pressure of solution = PA + PB
10. (b) CaCl2 Ca++ + 2Cl–. 120 ´ 2 180 ´ 3
= p oA x A + p oB x B = + = 156 mm Hg
Moles of CaCl2 in 500 ml = 0.25 and Cl– = 0.50. 5 5

Wt. ´1000g Dp
11. (c) Apply m = 22. (c) = xB; \ Dp = 0.25 ´ 0.80 = 0.20
M.Wt ´ Wt. of Solvent po

N1V1 + N 2 V2 + N 3 V3 23. (a) DSmixing ¹ 0 for ideal solution. On mixing two solutions
12. (a) N =
Total volume the entropy increases.

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552 Chemistry
24. (a) Benzene + chloroform, show negative deviation.
P2 DH v æ T2 - T1 ö
25. (d) CH3COCH3 + CS2 45. (b) Clapeyron Clausius equation log = ç ÷.
P1 2.303R è T1T2 ø
26. (d) Azeotrope of HCl + H2O contains 20.2% HCl.
27. (d) Modification of refractive index is not a colligative 760 40656 æ 373 - T1 ö
log = ç ÷
property. 23 2.303 ´ 8.314 çè 373T1 ÷ø
28. (d) Osmotic pressure.
29. (b) Osmotic pressure. T1 = 294.4K
30. (a) Isotonic solutions have same molar concentration at K b ´ w ´ 1000 DTb ´ 100 ´ 100
given temperature provided the Van't Hoff factor (i) is 46. (c) DTb = ; \Kb = = DTb
M´W 10 ´ 1000
same
31. (b) Mango swells due to osmosis. 0.1 ´ 180 ´ 100
47. (c) K b = =1 K/ m
32. (b) Increases 1.8 ´1000

33. (c) Moles of glucose 10 = 0.05, 48. (b) M =

K b ´ w ´ 1000 2.16 ´ 0.11´ 1000
= = 158.4
180 DTb ´ W 0.1 ´15

10 10 49. (c) DTb = K b ´ m ´ i = 0.52 ´ 0.1´ 5 = 0.26;

urea = = 0.16, Sucrose = = 0.029 .
60 342
\b.pt. = 100.26°C
Hence osmotic presure p2 > p1 > p3 (p µ c) 50. (d) Glucose is non electrolyte hence depression in freezing
34. (a) NaCl is strong electrolyte and CH3COOH weak electrolyte. point will be minimum, hence freezing point will be highest.
\ p1 > p 2 (value of i will be more in case of NaCl) K f ´ w ´ 1000
51. (a) DTf = . Other things being equal, the
35. (c) Since solutions are isotonic, hence no transference of M´W
solvents. smaller the molecular weight, the more is the DTf
36. (c) Vant Hoff factor i = 4 in case of (NH4)3 PO4,
52. (a) DTf = K f ´ w ´ i van't Hoff factor i = 5 for Al2(SO4)3
+
(NH4)3 PO4 3 N H 4 + PO34- hence lowest freezing point.
53. (d) For K 4 éëFe(CN)6 ùû, i = 5 hence lowest freezing point.
37. (d) For isotonic solutions p1 = p 2
54. (c) Urea and glucose are non electrolytes and 1 M NaCl
38. (c) For isotonic solutions p1 = p 2 or C1 = C2;
º 2M non electrolyte. \1 : 1 : 2 . (for NaCl i =2)
34.2 18.0 55. (d) 0.1 m CaCl2. Concentration of particles = 0.3 m (Since i = 3).
= 0.1 ; = 0. 1 .
342 180 56. (c) DTf µ m (m = molality of solution)
Hence 18 gL–1 glucose is 0.1 M. 57. (b) DTf = K f ´ m = 1.86 ´ 0.5 = 0.93; Tf = -0.93°C
5 1000 58. (c) 0.186 = 1.86 × m; \ m = 0.1;
39. (b) p = CRT p = ´ ´ 0.0821 ´ 423 = 5.07 atm.
342 100 \ DTb = 0.512 ´ 0.1 = 0.0512° C

30 10 59. (c) DTf = 2 ´ K f ´ m = 2 ´1.86 ´ 0.1 = 0.372;

40. (a) = \ M 2 = 60
180 M 2 \Tf = -0.372°C
60. (b) Benzoic acid forms a dimer in benzene.
10 50
41. (c) = ; \ m = 68.4 61. (b) Ba(NO3)2 Ba++ + 2NO3–
m 342
1–a a 2a
42. (b) Solution always boil at higher temperature T1 - T2 = DTb
1 - a + a + 2a
i= = 2.74; \ a = 0.87 = 87%
43. (c) Conc. of particles will be highest in BaCl2 (Van't Hoff 1
factor i = 3). 62. (d)
44. (d) DTb = Kb×m
63. (a) For ideal solution DH mix = 0 .
when m = 1 DTb = Kb. Higher the value of Kb, the more is
64. (b) M1V1 = M2V2 M1 × 25 = 0.1 × 35;
value of DTb.
\ M1 = 0.14
65. (a) Liquid solvent and solid solvent are in equilibrium.

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Solutions 553
EXERCISE 3
WB
1. (d) DTf = 0 – (0.00732°C) = 0.00732 11. (b) DTb = K b ´1000 ;
M B ´ WA
DTf = i × Kf × m
DT f 0.00732 WB
i= = = 1.97 » 2 DTf = K f ´1000 ;
K f ´m 1.86 ´ 0.002 M B ´ WA
2. (d) When the aqueous solution of one molal KI is diluted
with water, concentration decreases, therefore the DTb K b DTb 0.512
= = = = 0.0512°C .
vapour pressure of the resulting solution increases. DTf Kf - 0.186 1.86
1000W2 1.86×1000×68.5
3. (a) DT f = K f = = 0.372 12. (b) [DH mix < 0]
M 2W1 342×1000
13. (a) On increasing pressure, the temperature is also increased.
Tf = T °f –DTf
Tf = – 0.372°C Thus in pressure cooker due to increase in pressure the
b.p. of water increases.
25.3 1000
4. (b) Concentration of Na 2CO3 = ´ = 0.955 M 14. (d) DTf = Kf × m × i ;
106 250
DTf = 1.85 × 0.2 × 1.3 = 0.480º C
[Na + ] = 2 × 0.955 = 1.91 M
\ Tf = 0 - 0.480 = -0.480o C
é CO32– ù = 0.955 M
ë û
+ -
5. (b) Given Kf = – 1.86ºC m–1, mass of solute = 5.00 g, ( HX H + X , i = 1.3)
1- 0.3 0. 3 0.3
mass of solvent = 45.0 g and DTf = – 3.82°C
DTf = i × Kf .m
i = 1 - 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.3 = 1.3
5 ´ 1000
3.82 = i × 1.86 ×
142 ´ 45 15. (c) DTb = K b ´ m ´ i .
\ i = 2.62 (Molecular mass of Na2SO4 = 142 g)
6. (c) If compound dissociates in solvent i > 1 and on The value of i for Na 2SO 4 = 3,
association i < 1.
7. (b) 1 molal solution means 1 mole of solute dissolved in for KNO3 = 2, for urea = 1 and for glucose = 1
1000 gm solvent.
\ nsolute = 1 wsolvent = 1000 gm 6.02 ´ 10 20 ´ 1000
16. (b) M = = 0.01M
6.02 ´ 10 23 ´ 100
1000
\ nsolvent = = 55.56
18 17. (a) N1V1 = N 2 V2 (H 3PO 3 is dibasic \ M = 2N)
1 20 ´ 0.2 = 0.1´ V
xsolute = = 0.0177
1 + 55.56 \ V = 40 ml
8. (d) Given a = 30% i.e., 0.3
18. (d) Gaseous densities of ethanol and dimethyl ether would
HA ¾¾ ® H+ + A–
be same at same temperature and pressure. The heat of
1–a a a
vaporisation, V.P. and b.pt. will differ due to H - bonding
1 – 0.3 0.3 0.3
i = 1 – 0.3 + 0.3 + 0.3 in ethanol.
i = 1.3 19. (b) A mixture of benzene and methanol show positive
DTf = 1.3 × 1.86 × 0.1 = 0.2418 deviation from Raoult’s law
Tf = 0 – 0.2418 = – 0.2418 °C
20. (d) DTf = K f ´ m ´ i . Since Kf has different values for
WRT 1.26 ´ 0.083 ´ 300
9. (d) M = = different solvents, hence even if the m is the same DTf
pV 2.57 ´10-3 ´ 200 ´ 10 -3
will be different
31.374 ´ 10 6
= = 61038 g
514 ˆˆ† 2Na + SO 4-
21. (b) Na 2SO 4 ‡ˆˆ 2a
10. (d) p = pAxA + pBxB 1-a a
= pAxA + pB (1 – xA)
Þ pAxA + pB – pBxA 1 - a + 2a + a
Vant. Hoff’s factor i = = 1 + 2a
Þ pB+ xA (pA – pB) 1

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22. (d) Given 28. (a) Osmotic pressure (p) of isotonic solutions are equal.
Vapour pressure of benzene= 75 torr For solution of unknown substance C1(concentration).
Vapour pressure of toluene = 22 torr 5.25 / M
mass of benzene in = 78g C1 =
V
78 Where M represents molar mass.
hence moles of benzene = = 1mole
78 1.5 / 60
For solution of urea, C2 (concentration) =
(mol.wt of benzene = 78) V
mass of toluene in solution = 46g Given, p1 = p2 Q p = CRT
46 5.25 / M 1.5 / 60
\ C1RT = C2RT or C1 = C2 or =
hence moles of toluene = = 0.5 mole V V
92
\ M = 210 g/mol
now partial pressure of benzene = Pbo .X b 29. (d) At 1 atmospheric pressure the boiling point of mixture
is 80°C.
1 1 2 At boiling point the vapour pressure of mixture, pT = 1
= 75 × = 50 torr = 75 × = 78 × atmosphere = 760 mm Hg.
1 + 0.5 1.5 3
Using the relation,
23. (b) From the molarity equation.
pT = p A° x A + p B° xB , we get
M1V1 + M2V2 = MV
pT = 520 x A + 1000(1 - x A )
M1V1 +M V2
2
M= where V = V1 + V2 {Q pAo = 520 mm Hg ,
V

480 ´ 1.5 + 520 ´ 1.2 pB° = 1000 mm Hg , x A + xB = 1 }

M= = 1.344 M
480 + 520 or 760 = 520 x A + 1000 - 1000 x A or 480 x A = 240
24. (d) Equimolar solutions of normal solutes in the same
solvent will have the same b. pts and same f. pts. 240 1
or x A = = or 50 mol. percent
480 2
æ1 M ö
25. (a) Apply the formula d = M ç + 2 ÷ i.e., the correct answer is (d)
è m 1000 ø 30. (a) The vapour pressure of a solution of glucose in water
can be calculated using the relation
æ1 60 ö
\ 1.02 = 2.05 ç + ÷ p° - ps Moles of glucose in solution
è m 1000 ø =
ps Moles of water in solution
On solving we get, m = 2.288 mol/kg
17.5 - ps 18/180
or = [Q p° = 17.5 ]
18 ps 178.2/18
26. (b) Moles of glucose = = 0. 1
180
0.1´ ps
178.2 or 17.5 – ps = or ps = 17.325 mm Hg.
Moles of water = = 9.9 9.9
18 Hence (a) is correct answer.
Total moles = 0.1 + 9.9 = 10 31. (b) For this solution intermolecular interactions between
n-heptane and ethanol are weaker than n-heptane-n-
pH2O = Mole fraction × Total pressure = 9.9 ´ 760 heptane & ethanol-ethanol interactions hence the
10 solution of n-heptane and ethanol is non-ideal and
= 752.4 Torr shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
32. (b) p = pA° xA + pB° xB
27. (b) pA° = ? , Given p B° = 200 mm of Hg, xA = 0.6, total
1 3
xB = 1 – 0.6 = 0.4, P = 290 of Hg 550 = pA° ´ + pB° ´
4 4
P = PA + PB = PA°x A + PB°xB pA° + 3 pB° = 550 ´ 4 ...(i)
Þ 290 = PA° × 0.6 + 200 × 0.4 \ p°A = 350 mm of Hg. In second case
1 4
ptotal = pA° ´ + pB° ´
5 5

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Solutions 555

pA° + 4 pB° = 560 ´ 5 ...(ii) 750 ´ 0.5 + 250 ´ 2

=
Subtract (i) from (ii) 1000
\ pB° = 560 ´ 5 - 550 ´ 4 = 600 = 0.875 M
38. (a) Molecular weight of naphthoic acid
Q pA° = 400
C11H8O2 = 172 g mol–1.
33. (b) Sodium sulphate dissociates as The theoretical value of depression in freezing point
® 2Na + + SO -4 -
Na 2SO 4 ¾¾
20×1000
hence van’t hoff factor i = 3 = Kf × molality = 1.72× = 4K
172×50
Now DT f = i K f .m Van't Hoff factor,
= 3 × 1.86 × 0.01 = 0.0558 K
Observed value of colligative property
p Total = p °A x A + p °B x B
i=
34. (a) Theoretical value of colligative property
= p°Heptane xHeptane + p°Octane x Octane 2
= = 0.5 .
4
25 /100 35 /114 PN 2 = k H x N
= 105 ´ 25 35 + 45 ´ 25 35 39. (a) 2
+ + 0.8 × 5 = 1 × 105 × x N
100 114 100 114 2

0.25 0.3 \ x N = 4 × 10–5

= 105 ´ + 45 ´ 2
0.25 + 0.3 0.25 + 0.3 Solubility in 10 moles = 4 × 10–4.
105 ´ 0.25 45 ´ 0.3 26.25 + 13.5 120
= + = 40. (c) Number of moles of urea = =2
0.55 0.55 0.55 60
= 72 kPa Total mass of solution = 1000 + 120 = 1120 g
35. (b) For isotonic solutions Mass
Total volume of solution (in L) =
p1 = p 2 Density
1120 112
C1 = C2 = = L
3 115
1.15 ´ 10
5 / 342 1/ M
= Number of moles
0.1 0.1 Molarity of the solution =
Volume of solution in litre
5 1 2×115
= = = 2.05 mol L–1
342 M 112
41. (a) DTf = i × Kf × m
342
Þ M = = 68.4 gm/mol Where m = Molality of the solution
5
(i.e. number of moles of solute per 1000 g of the solvent)
36. (b) DTf = i × Kf × m
0.1
Given DTf = 2.8, Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1 i = 1 Here m = ´10
329
(ethylene glygol is a non- electrolyte)
0.1´10
wt. of solvent = 1 kg Thus DTf = 4 × 1.86 × = 2.3 × 10–2
329
Let of wt of solute = x
Thus Tf = 0 – 2.3 × 10–2 = – 2.3 × 10–2 ºC
Mol. wt of ethylene glycol = 62
42. (a) From Raoult law
x
2.8 = 1 × 1.86 × p° – p No.of moles of solute
62 ´ 1 =
p° No. of moles of solvent+ No. of moles of solute
2.8 ´ 62 When the concentration of solute is much lower than
or x = = 93 gm
1.86 the concentration of solvent,
37. (a) From molarity equation : p° - p No. of moles of solute
M1V1 + M2V2 = M × V =
p° No. of moles of solvent
M V + M 2V2 DTb = Kb × m
M= 1 1 where V = total volume
V

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Number of moles of the solute 6. (b) Apply claypeyron equation,

m= ´ 1000
Mass of solvent in grams 0.050 DH v æ 313 - 303 ö
log = ç ÷ = 13060cal / mol
Number of moles of the solute 0.25 2.303R è 313 ´ 303 ø
DTb = K b ´ × 1000
Mass of solvent in grams 7. (b) The equilibrium vapour pressure will remain the same. It
Number of moles of solute is independent of the quantity of substance
DTb ´ Mass of solvent in grams 8. (c) The total pressure will be the sum of pressures of air and
= benzene
K b ´ 1000
9. (c) For electrolytes multiply the concentration by Van't Hoff’s
2 ´100 factor i
= = 0.26,
0.76 ´1000 (a) 0.5 × 3 = 1.5 for BaCl2
100 (b) 1.0 × 2 = 2 for KBr,
Number of moles of solvent = = 5.56
18
1.8 ´ 10 24
From equation (i) we get, 760 - p = 0.26 (c) = 2.98 for glucose
760 5.56 6.023 ´ 10 23
On solving, p = 724.46 » 724 100
(d) = 0.55 for glucose
180
EXERCISE 4
Hence highest bpt will be observed in case of (c)
1000X 2 10. (c) There is no change in vapour pressure.
1. (c) Use the formula, m = ;
X1M1
11. (c) C2 H5OH CH3OH
Given X2 =0.23527,X1 =(1-0.23527) =0.76473 42.0 mm Hg 88.5 mm Hg
Molecular weight of CCl4 = 153.82, 46.0g 16.0 g
1 Mole 0.5 Mole
1000 ´ 0.23527 Total Moles 1 + 0.5 = 1.5
m= = 2.00
0.76473 ´ 153.82
2. (a) Use the formula Total pressure P = 42 ´ 1 + 88.5 ´ 0.5 ;
1.5 1.5
md 3.1 ´1.110 o
( p A = pA ´ xA )
M= ;M = ; M = 2.97
m.M 2 3 ´ 40
1+ 1+ p = 28 + 29.5 = 57.5
1000 1000
Mole fraction in vapour phase pA
3. (b) ps = X A (poA – poB ) + pBo ; = xA × Total pressure
o
ps = pA ´ x A - poB ´ x A + poB ; 29.5
\ xA = = 0.513
57.5
o
ps = pA ´ x A - pBo (1 - x B ) + pBo 12. (a) Maximum lowering of vapour pressure will be given by
the substance giving maximum number of particles in
\ ps = poA ´ xA + pBo ´ xB. solution. In case of electrolytes do not forget. To multiply
This is condition for ideal solution. the molarity by Van’t Hoff factor i.
13. (a) In case of osmosis the flow of the solvent, from lower
1000
4. (d) Moles of water = 55.5; concentration to higher concentration.
18
14. (c) Let a be the give of dissociation then
55.5 NaCl Na + Cl -
Mole fraction of water = = 0.982
55.5 + 1 1- a a +a

pA = 0.982 × 92.5 ; pA = 90.8 torr 1- a + a + a

Van’t Hoff's factor i = = 1+ a
5. (b) 10% soln contains 10g solute in 90 gm solvent or 1
20 g solute in 180 g solvent Again Van’t Hoff’s factor
6% solution contains 6 g solute in 94g solvent. For 60%
the amount of Normal mol . wt 58.5
= = = 1.83
Observed mol.wt 31.8
solute in 180g solvent. = 6 ´ 180 = 11.48;
94 Equating to both values of i, \1 + a = 1.83
Amount precipitated = 8.52 g \ a = 0.83

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15. (d) All the statements are correct (see text) 1 po æ 1 ö

o o – 1 = Ao ç - 1÷
16. (c) P = p A .x A + p B .x B , xA p B è yA ø
84 = 0.2 poY + 70.0 × 0.8
p oA 1 po
= – Ao
\ poY = 140 torr p oB yA pB

DTb ´ WB ´1000 1 po 1 æ po ö
17. (c) M B = is wrong. The correct form is or, = Ao . + çç 1 - Ao ÷÷
K b ´ WA xA p B yA è pB ø
K b ´ WB ´1000
MB = p oA 1 po - po
DTb ´ WA = . + B o A
p oB yA pB
18. (b) DTb = K b × m = 0.513 × 0.69 = 0.3539° C
This is equation of straight line.
\ bpt. of solution = 99.725° C + 0.3539° C
= 100.079° C p oA p oB - p oA
Slope = , Intercept =
19. (a) Let the masses of A and B be a and b. The mass of AB2 p oB p oB

will be (a + 2b) g mol -1 and AB4 will be (a + 4b) g mol -1 23. (c) B. pt. = 100 + D T b = 100 + K b m
F. pt. = 0 – D Tf = 0 – Kf m
5.1´1´1000
For AB2, 2.3 = ............ (I)
(a + 2b) ´ 20 Tb – Tf = 100 + K b m – (– K f m)
105 = 100 + 0.51 m + 1.86 m
5.1´1´1000
For AB4, 1.3 = ............ (II) 5
(a + 4b) ´ 20 \ m= = 2.11
2.37
On solving (I) and (II),
Weight of sucrose to be dissolved in 100 g water
a = 25.49 and b = 42.64
2.11´ 342 ´ 100
D H evp = = 72 g
-1 -1 1000
20. (a) Trouton’s rule is = 21 cal. K mol
Tb
24. (b) DTf = 0.3° C
7353
Tb = = 350.1 K = 77.1° C K f ´ WB ´ 1000
21 DTf = 0.3° C =
M B ´ WA
o o
21. (b) Ptotal = p A ´ x A + p B ´ x B
1.86 ´ WB ´ 1000
= 80.0 × 0.4 + 120.0 × 0.6 = 104 mm Hg =
62 ´ 5000
The observed Ptotal is 100 mm Hg which is less than
\ WB = 50 g
104 mm Hg. Hence the solution shows negative deviation.
The amount used should be more than 50 g.
o
22. (c) p A = pA ´ x A = Total pressure × yA 25. (c) XA = 0.70 \ X B = 0.30;
p B = poB ´ x B = Total pressure × yB YA = 0.35 \ YB = 0.65
Where x and y represent mole fraction in liquid and vapour
600 ´ 0.35
phase respectively. p A = 600 × 0.35 \ = p oA
0.70
p oB x B yB p oA = 300 torr
\ = , \
p oB xA yA
600 ´ 0.65
p B = 600 × 0.65 \ = p oB
1 - yA 0.30
poB (1 - x A )
=
poA x A yA
\ p oB = 1300 torr

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26. (a) Ostwald and Walker’s method When 1 mole of A is added

2 1 2 1
po - ps W2 W2 / m xA = = and x B = =
= = 4 2 4 2
po W1 + W2 W2 / m + W1 / M
1 o 1
W1 = loss of weight of solution, \ p oA . + p B . = 300
2 2
W2 = loss of weight of solvent
\ p oA + p oB = 600 ............. (ii)
0.0345 2.64 / m From (i) and (ii),
\ =
0.645 + 0.0345 2.64 / m + 30 / 74
p oB = 150 and p oA = 450
m = 122 g
When 1 mole of B is added
o o
27. (b) V. P. of solution P = p A x A + pB xB
1 3
xA = , xB =
1 2 4 4
or 250 = p oA . + p oB .
3 3 3 1
\ P = 150 × + 450 × = 225
o o 4 4
p A +2 p B = 750 ............... (i)

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