Application of 9/28/2024

ICT

What is an Embedded System?

 Definition:
 An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform a
specific task or function within a larger device.

 Key Features:
 Specialized Purpose: Unlike general computers, embedded systems
are meant for one task.

Application of ICT  Integrated: It is part of a larger system (e.g., a microwave oven,

washing machine).
Understanding Embedded  Simple Analogy:
System, Applications, Components, and  Think of an embedded system as a dedicated helper that does one job
really well, like the autopilot in an airplane.
Programming Instructor: Farhan Mateen
Khan

Applications of Embedded Systems Components of an Embedded System

 Everyday Examples:  Microcontroller or Microprocessor:
 Home Appliances: Washing machines, microwave ovens, smart thermostats.  The brain of the embedded system that processes information.
 Healthcare Devices: Pacemakers, medical monitoring systems.  Microcontroller includes a processor, memory, and input/output ports in one unit.
 Automobiles: Anti-lock braking systems (ABS), airbag systems.  Memory:
 Consumer Electronics: Smartphones, digital cameras, smartwatches.  ROM: Stores the system’s software (firmware) permanently.
 Real-World Impact:  RAM: Temporary storage for data the system is working with.
 Embedded systems are everywhere, making our devices smarter and  Input/Output Interfaces:
more efficient.
 Connects the system to external devices like sensors, buttons, or screens.

 Power Supply:
 Provides energy for the system to function.
Application of 9/28/2024
ICT

How Does an Embedded System Work? Embedded System Programming

 Step-by-Step Process:  What is Programming in Embedded Systems?
 Input: The system receives signals from the environment (e.g., pressing a button).  Embedded systems are programmed to perform their specific tasks. This
programming tells the microcontroller what to do with the input it
 Processing: The microcontroller processes the input based on pre-
receives.
programmed instructions.
 Output: The system produces the desired outcome (e.g., starting a  Difference from Regular Programming:
motor, displaying information).  Focuses on efficiency and reliability since the system has limited
 Example: resources (e.g., memory, processing power).

 In a washing machine, the embedded system controls water flow, spin  Example:
cycles, and displays the timer.  A program that controls the temperature in a smart thermostat—based
on sensors and user settings.

Popular Programming Languages for Embedded Popular Development Platforms for

Systems Embedded Systems
 C and C++:  Arduino:
 Most commonly used due to their speed and low-level access to hardware.  An open-source platform that allows you to create simple projects. Used
in robotics, IoT, and educational settings.
 Python:
 Example: Building a simple robot with motion sensors.
 Becoming popular for high-level control and prototyping, especially in IoT devices.

 Assembly Language:  Raspberry Pi:

 A small, affordable computer that runs Linux and is great for learning and
 Used when direct control of hardware is necessary, but it’s complex and
experimenting.
used for very specific tasks.
 Example: Creating a home automation system.
 Fun Fact:
 STM32:
 C is often used because it’s fast and works well with hardware-level operations!
 A series of microcontrollers used in more advanced and industrial applications.
 Example: Used in medical devices, drones, and other critical systems.
Application of 9/28/2024
ICT

Key Advantages of Embedded Systems Future of Embedded Systems

 Real-Time Operations:  Internet of Things (IoT):
 Fast and efficient, designed to perform tasks without delays (e.g., airbags  More and more everyday devices (from refrigerators to traffic lights) are
deploying in cars). becoming connected to the Internet, using embedded systems to
communicate.
 Cost-Effective:
 Embedded systems are often cheaper because they only include the
 Smart Cities:
necessary components for their specific task.  Embedded systems will play a critical role in traffic management, energy
distribution, and public safety.
 Low Power Consumption:
 Many embedded systems, like pacemakers or smartwatches, use very little energy.
 Healthcare Innovations:
 From advanced wearable health trackers to devices that monitor patient
 Fun Fact:
health remotely, embedded systems are transforming healthcare.
 The autopilot system in airplanes is an example of an embedded system
that must work in real-time to ensure safety!
 Key Point:
 The future will be full of smart, connected devices making our world
more efficient and responsive.

Summary and Key Takeaways

 Embedded Systems: Computers inside devices designed for specific tasks.
 Applications: Found in healthcare, automotive, consumer electronics, and more.
 Components: Microcontrollers, memory, and I/O interfaces.
 Programming Languages: Primarily C, Python, and Assembly.
 Development Platforms: Arduino and Raspberry Pi are popular for
learning and prototyping.
 Future of Embedded Systems: Key to innovations in IoT, smart cities, and healthcare.