Island School Chemistry 10e

Structure & Extraction Exam Practice

1. The reaction between magnesium and chlorine forms the ionic compound magnesium
chloride, MgCl2.
(a) By reference to electrons, describe how magnesium and chlorine atoms form magnesium
chloride.
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(b) Oxidation occurs in this reaction. Identify the substance that is oxidised in the reaction,
giving a reason for your choice.

Substance oxidised ........................................................................................................

Reason ............................................................................................................................ (2)

(c) Explain why magnesium chloride has a high melting point.

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2. Explain why the melting point of magnesium oxide is much higher than that of sodium
chloride.

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3. Ammonia is a covalent compound with a simple molecular structure. It is a gas at room

temperature. Explain why ammonia has a low boiling point.

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Island School Chemistry 10e

4. Nylon has a simple molecular structure. Use words from the box to complete the sentences
below. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
ions high low
molecules strong weak

Nylon has a ......................................... melting point. This is because there are..............................

forces between the ......................................... that make up the structure. (3)

5. Hydrogen chloride has a low boiling point. Circle the correct statement to show the reason for
this.
The covalent bonds are strong
The covalent bonds are weak
There are weak forces between the ions
There are weak forces between the molecules (1)

6. The diagrams show the structures of diamond and graphite.

They are different structural forms of the element carbon.

(a) What type of structure are both diamond and graphite? ......................................................(1)

(b) Diamond has a high sublimation temperature. Explain why.

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(c) Graphite can be used as a lubricant. Explain why.

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Island School Chemistry 10e
(d) During the twentieth century another structural form of carbon was discovered.
In this structural form the molecules have the formula C60 and are shaped like footballs.

(i) C60 has a much lower sublimation temperature than diamond. Suggest why.

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(ii) Would you expect C60 to act as a lubricant? Explain your answer.

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7. (a) The diagram represents the structure of a metal.

(i) Use the diagram to help you explain why a metal conducts electricity

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Island School Chemistry 10e
7 cont (ii) Use the diagram to help you explain why a metal is malleable

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8. The list gives the order of reactivity of some metals.

most reactive magnesium
zinc
iron
copper
least reactive silver

(a) Iron is sometimes coated with zinc to prevent the iron rusting. The iron does not rust
even if the coating of zinc becomes damaged.

(i) What is the name given to this method of rust

prevention?................................................(1)

(ii) Give one example where this method of rust prevention is used.

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(iii) Explain how this method of rust prevention works.

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(b) A student is given some solid nickel nitrate and several small pieces of magnesium, zinc, iron,
copper and silver. Describe and explain how he can find the position of nickel in the reactivity
series given above.

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9. (a) Copper forms when magnesium reacts with copper(II) nitrate solution. The ionic
equation for the reaction is
Cu2+(aq) + Mg(s) → Cu(s) + Mg2+(aq)

(i) What does this reaction indicate about the reactivity of copper?

............................................................................................................................... (1)
(ii) Describe the colour change of the solution if an excess of magnesium is added.

Colour at start ..........................................Colour at finish ......................................................(2)

Island School Chemistry 10e

10. The diagram shows apparatus that can be used to electrolyse dilute sulfuric acid.

(a) (i) Label the electrodes in the diagram by writing the symbols + and – in the circles. (1)

(ii) The equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes are

Equation 1 2H+(aq) + 2e–  H2(g)

Equation 2 4OH–(aq)  2H2O(l) + O2(g) + 4e–

Give the formula of the ion being reduced. Give a reason for your choice.

Ion ..........................................................................................................................

Reason ...................................................................................................................

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11.a) The uses of aluminium are related to its properties. Complete the table by giving a
different property for each use. (3)
Use Property
aeroplanes
Drink cans Easily moulded
Overhead power cables
Pans for cooking

b) Give one use of copper and state the property of copper on which that use depends.

Use ...............................................................................................................................

Property ................................................................................................................... (2)