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Chapter Nine Final

Chapter Nine discusses the design of beams and columns, focusing on the critical role of beams in structural integrity and seismic performance. It details the design process for specific beams (B3, B4, and B101) using analysis data from ETABS, including bending and shear design calculations. The chapter concludes with reinforcement specifications and detailing outputs for the selected beams.

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20 views13 pages

Chapter Nine Final

Chapter Nine discusses the design of beams and columns, focusing on the critical role of beams in structural integrity and seismic performance. It details the design process for specific beams (B3, B4, and B101) using analysis data from ETABS, including bending and shear design calculations. The chapter concludes with reinforcement specifications and detailing outputs for the selected beams.

Uploaded by

joehenok25
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER NINE: DESIGN OF BEAM AND COLUMN

9.1 DESIGN OF BEAM


A beam is a structural element that primarily resists bending forces caused by loads applied
perpendicular to its longitudinal axis. It is one of the most critical components in a building's
structural framework, transferring loads from floors, walls, or roofs to columns.

Beams are fundamental to the structural integrity and seismic performance of a building.
Properly designed beams:

 Minimize damage during earthquakes by absorbing seismic energy.


 Reduce the risk of progressive collapse by redistributing loads.
 Enhance the building's resilience and safety, protecting occupants and assets.

We have selected Beam on axis three for a design, It is a continuous beam, and its girder beam.

9.2 ANALYSIS DATA FROM ETABS


Since we have selected our beam on axis 3 we have 3 section on the beam B4 (ETABS
assignment), B3 and the cantilever B101.

When designing beam we used ENVELOPE load combination b/c we mainly design our beam
for moment.
9.2 DESIGN OF BEAM B3, B4 AND B101
Maximum positive moment for B3 = 104.3 KN-m

Maximum positive moment for B4 = 105.4 KN-m

Since the maximum moment for the two beams are almost we equal we can use the greater
moment for the bending design of our beam which is 105.4 KN-m.

9.2.1 BENDING DESIGN FOR BEAM B3 AND B4


We have:

 Max span moment = 105.4 KN-m


 Depth of the beam = 300mm
 Width of the beam = 600mm
 Using Ø of 16 mm rebar

Material property:

Concrete
 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 2.2𝑀𝑝a
 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 𝑀𝑝𝑎, 𝑓𝑐𝑢 = 25 𝑀𝑝a
 f cd = 0.85 × 20 / 1.5 = 11.33 M Pa

Rebar

 f y k = 400 M Pa
 f y d = 400 / 1.15 = 347.83 M Pa
 ɛ𝑦d = f y d / ES = 347.83 / 200 = 1.74 %

Rebar diameter = 16 mm (for longitudinal bar)

Stirrup diameter = 6 mm

Concrete cover

Cover for stirrup

 C min, bond = 6 mm

 C min, durability = 15 mm

 C min= max{C min, b, C min, durability, 10mm}

 C min = {6, 15 ,10}

 C min= 15 mm

 C nom = C min + 10mm = 15mm+10mm =25 mm

Cover for longitudinal bar

 C min, bond = 16 mm

 C min, durability = 15mm

 C min=max {C min, b, C min, durability , 10mm}

 C min = {16 , 15 , 10}

 C min= 20mm

 C nom = C min + 10mm = 16 mm+10mm =26 mm

Therefore, cover for longitudinal bar governs due to its critical role in structure performance and
durability of the concrete element.

d (effective depth) = 300 – 6 – 26 - 8 = 260mm (using 12 mm diameter rebar).


Now we have every information of the beams in order to design for moment.

 𝑀𝑠d = 105.37 KN-m

= 105.4 × 106 / 11.33 × 600 × (260)2 = 0.229

𝜇𝑠𝑑 < 𝜇𝑠𝑑, = 0.295 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒅!

Then by using simple linear interpolation

 Then 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 0.229 then from design table k z = 0.8637 (interpolated value)

Z = K z * d = 0.8637 × 260 = 224.562 mm

= 105.4 × 106 / 347.83 × 224.562 = 1349.39 mm2

= 223.1 mm2 < As, OK!

 Using Ø 16 mm as = 200.96 mm2, n (number of bars ) = 1349.39 /200.96 = 6.714

then use 7Ø16 bottom reinforcement.

Checking the ratio of the reinforcement provided for beam section, we have provide 1.2% of
total area which is less than 4% of the area.

For negative support moment


 𝑀𝑠d = - 151.2553 KN-m

 = 151.2553 × 10 6 / 11.33 × 600 × (260)2 = 0.33

Then 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 0.33 then from design table k z = 0.8 (from graph)

Z = K z * d = 0.8 × 260 = 208 mm


 = 151.2553 × 10 6 / 208 × 347.83 = 2090.64 mm2

A smin = 25.5112 mm2 < As, OK!

 Using Ø 20 mm as = 314 mm2, n (number of bars ) = 2090.64 /314 = 6.7 then use
7Ø20 Top reinforcement.

Checking the ratio of the reinforcement provided for beam section, we have provide 2% of total
area which is less than 4% of the area.so our concrete beam section is not over reinforced.

9.2.1 BENDING DESIGN FOR BEAM B101(CANTILEVER BEAM )


We have:

 Max span moment = - 47.32 KN-m

 Depth of the beam = 300mm

 Width of the beam = 600mm

 Using Ø of 16 mm rebar

Material property:

Concrete

 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 2.2𝑀𝑝a

 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 20 𝑀𝑝𝑎, 𝑓𝑐𝑢 = 25 𝑀𝑝a

 f cd = 0.85 × 20 / 1.5 = 11.33 M Pa

Rebar

 f y k = 400 M Pa

 f y d = 400 / 1.15 = 347.83 M Pa

 ɛ𝑦d = f y d / ES = 347.83 / 200 = 1.74 %

Rebar diameter = 16 mm (for longitudinal bar)


Stirrup diameter = 6 mm

 𝑀𝑠d = - 47.32 KN-m

= 47.32 × 106 / 11.33 × 600 × (260)2 = 0.103

𝜇𝑠𝑑 < 𝜇𝑠𝑑, = 0.295 𝑺𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒅!

Then by using simple linear interpolation

 Then 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 0.103 then from design table k z = 0.9448 (interpolated value)

Z = K z * d = 0.9448 × 260 = 245.648 mm

= 47.32 × 106 / 347.83 × 245.648 = 553.81 mm2

= 223.1 mm2 < As, OK!

 Using Ø 16 mm as = 200.96 mm2, n (number of bars ) = 553.81 /200.96 = 2.75

then use 3Ø16 TOP reinforcement.

9.3 DESIGN FOR SHEAR


Concrete shear capacity:

Where:


Then

 C RD,C = 0.12

 K = 1.81

 ρ1 = 0.011

 VMIN = 0.3837

VRD,C = 109.55 KN > 69.066 KN

DIAGONAL COMPRESSION CHECK FOR SHEAR

Where:
 Z = 0.9 × d = 234 mm

VRD,MAX = 329.2 KN
VRD,C > V ED at all location , therefore ok!

Calculating required shear reinforcement

SMAX = 0.75 × 260 = 195 mm

S MIN = 56.54 / 600 × 0.00089 × 1 = 101.148 mm

A sw = 2 × 3.14 × 6 2 /4 = 56.54 mm2


Span location VED S calculated S provided

B4 far end 192.1375 59.8 Ø6 c/c 100mm

Near B3 198.712 58 Ø6 c/c 100mm

B3 Near B4 189.1296 60.6 Ø6 c/c 100mm

Near B101 201.7205 57 Ø6 c/c 100mm

B 101 Near B3 108.1474 105.99 Ø6 c/c 100mm

Far end 0 0 Ø6 c/c 100mm

9.4 ETABS BEAM DETAILING OUTPUT

BEAM B4
BEAM B3

BEAM B101

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