DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM

USING RFID WITH SMS NOTIFICATION

______________________

A Capstone Project Presented to the Faculty of the

Balagtas Technical Vocational College

Bulacan Agricultural State College

Balagtas, Bulacan

______________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science Information Technology

______________________

By

ALEA, MYCA MIE E.

DUERME, JOSEPH

GARCIA, ARIEL JELLO DP.

INTANO, LEVIE L.

JULIA, NATASHA MAE DC.

MANIO, FELIPE F. MATEO,

JHON KENNETH

POLINTAN, DAVE A.

REYES, CARL ADRIAN B.

May 2024
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The digital era has brought technology into almost every aspect of our life,

changing social interactions, communication, and business. Education is one area where

the effect is very noticeable. The introduction of technology into educational approaches

has garnered significant interest from educators across the globe in recent years.

Technology has largely impacted education, enhancing traditional teaching methods and

reshaping today’s learning experience and providing digital resources for students.

Technology is transforming education by simplifying learning, teaching, and assessment.

Thanks to technology, students can communicate with teachers and other students easily.

“The era of ink and paper has been rapidly replaced by the era of multi-media and

computers.” (Shafieiosgouei, 2018).

Technology can also help teachers grade tasks, monitor and assess students more

quickly and increase student engagement in the classroom and transforming moreover

Technology also improving recordkeeping of students data and information in school by

transforming it into Centralized and Digital Storage, enabling quick and convenient

access students record anywhere with internet, facilitating efficient organization and

management of student records through customizable database structures and search

functionalities, and providing Enhanced Security and Privacy keeping it robust to

maximize safeguarding personal data because these records require confidentiality and

integrity and should be availed only to authorized persons including students,

parents/guardians, and senior administrative officials within the institution as well as to

outside parties such as accreditation commissions and government agencies (Danver,

2016).

Attendance is considered to be a key factor of how effectively students will

succeed academically. According to the study, student attendance is an important issue in

today’s' higher education, Students can participate in classroom instruction, comprehend

the material being taught, develop academically, and gain the knowledge and lesson that

comes from engaging with their teachers and classmates by showing up to class.

Student’s attendance has a positive relationship with academic achievement (Yahya &

Anwar, 2014).

Furthermore, attendance is important for all students to succeed in education and

to ensure that they do not fall behind in their education and prioritize wellbeing of

students thru automated attendance monitoring system. The focus is often on how a

student’s presence directly relates to the mastery of knowledge and skills. In fact, a meta-

analysis has revealed that attendance positively affects both course grades and GPA and is

the single strongest predictor of college grades. (Bergin, J., & Ferrara, L. 2019).

Compared to the traditional way of taking attendance an Attendance monitoring system

using RFID improving accuracy, accessibility and security of data and information from

students since it is automated. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is one

of several Auto-ID (Automatic Identification) technologies. The auto-ID allows for

automatic identification. (Mutammimul Ula, Angga Pratama et al, 2021).

 Automating the attendance system is beneficial because of the enhanced function

it may bring to the institution. It monitors faster and records more accurately than manual

monitoring of student attendance. It’s less hectic than checking if students are present

one-by-one. It helps most especially in going paperless. (Purdy,2015)

The researchers aim to develop an Attendance Monitoring System that will be

sufficient to assist the teachers monitor attendance more efficiently and effectively.

Moreover, to bring ease to the parents that worry that their children are actually attending

classes or not.

Statement of the Problem

The main objective of the study is to develop an Attendance monitoring system with

RFID and SMS notifications to improve and enhance the monitoring the attendance of

students at BNAHS senior high school. The researchers seek to address several questions

regarding the methods and processes involved in the system development.

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:

1. How the current attendance monitoring system of Senior High School Department of

Balagtas National Agricultural High School can be described in terms of:

1.1 Checking of classroom daily attendance

1.2 Recording of daily attendance

1.3 Tracking of students with chronic tardiness and absenteeism

1.4 Handling of students with chronic tardiness and absenteeism

2. What design model can be used in the development of the Attendance Monitoring

System (ATMOS)?
3. What are the important features of the Attendance Monitoring System (ATMOS) to

be developed?

4. How may the level of acceptability of proposed ATMOS based on the software quality

standard ISO/IEC 20741:2017 be described by the experts and end-users in terms of:

4.1 functionality suitability

4.2 performance efficiency;
4.3 compatibility;
4.4 usability;
4.5 reliability;
4.6 security;
4.7 maintainability; and
4.8 portability?

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following stakeholders:

School Administrator. It is not feasible to fake attendance for each individual when

employing an automated system. It can help to reduce mundane paperwork and

duplication, be faster and more precise than manual attendance software, and avoid any

errors in data entry.

Teachers. With the Attendance Monitoring System, the teachers can receive real-

time updates on student attendance that are reflected in the system every time students tap
their RFID. This means that as soon as a student registers their attendance in the system,

the teacher will receive a notification containing the student's name and attendance status.

This real-time feature enables teachers to promptly identify students who are absent from

their classes without having to wait for manual attendance reports or end-of-day

summaries. As a result, teachers can take immediate action, such as following up with

absent students to inquire about their absence or providing them with necessary support.

Parents. The system will also provide regular attendance updates. They gain a

clearer understanding of their child's attendance habits and can identify any potential

issues or patterns of absenteeism that may require attention.

Future IT Researcher. Further research is essential to keep up with technological

developments. This research serves as a valuable resource for enhancing various aspects

of the system, including its interface, program, and functionality.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is focused on the development of a system that monitors the attendance of

the students in Balagtas National Agricultural High School Senior High Department. The

primary subject of this study will be the grade 11 and 12 students of Academic year

2024-2025 and the system’s primary function is limited to attendance monitoring only.

The scope of this study will be limited to the 16 section of BNAHS senior high school.

The system provides a user-friendly interface for administrator and teachers to access
attendance data configuration setting and receive notifications prioritizing the use and

accessibility. The system relies on a stable internet connection for attendance updates and

SMS notifications. Any disruptions or inconsistencies in internet connectivity could

impede the system's ability to deliver timely notifications and updates, compromising its

reliability and utility. The efficacy of RFID technology in monitoring attendance may be

compromised by limitations in the range and coverage of RFID readers. In crowded or

congested areas, such as lecture halls or campus facilities, there may be instances of

inaccuracies or missing scans, potentially leading to discrepancies in attendance records.

The system provides attendance monitoring only.

The system will be developed using programming languages such as HTML/CSS,

JAVASCRIPT, PHP and MYSQL/XAMPP however requiring hardware requirement

such as computers that have operating system of at least Windows 7 and above as well as

RFID readers, RFID cards, monitors, cables and power supply units. The Attendance

Monitoring System is a web-based system that is compatible to be operatable in different

kinds of browser platforms like Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and other browsers.

Definition of Terms

To better understand the contents of this study, the following terms are operationally

defined:
Administrator. Is the person that involves in organizing, reducing mundane paperwork,

duplicating, supervising and monitoring of the behavior of the attendance system

Student’s Attendance. It refers to the act of students being physically present and

attending school activities arrange by the school.

Attendance Monitoring System. Technology that keeps track of students' attendance. It

is a more advanced feature that can monitor and take attendance more quickly and

precisely than a manual method.

Data. Is defined as the students unprocessed raw information that the researchers

gathered for the recordkeeping purposes such as Names, LRN Number, Grade Level.

Dashboards. This refers to a data visualization tool that allow all users to understand the

analytics that matter to attendance monitoring systems.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Serve as major component within the

attendance monitoring system, everyone is assigned an RFID tag, which they carry with

them. These tags can be being the form of cards.

Short Message Service (SMS). Serves as an integral component within the proposed

attendance monitoring system, providing a direct and immediate channel for giving

information. These notifications can include alerts about student or faculty member’s

arrivals, departures, tardiness, or absences.

Software. Is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and

execute specific tasks? An instruction that tells a computer what to do.

Student Data: Student data is information gathered about individual student to form a

full picture of student learning and needs.

User Interface. Serves as the platform through which users interact with the system.

Designed to be user-friendly, with intuitive navigation and layout, making it easy for

users, such as students and faculty members, to interact with the system efficiently and

effectively.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter provides review of relevant theories, related literature, and studies

that are significant for examining the problems of the study and serve as a guide to

understand how to improve the current manual system by the development of a new

automated system. This chapter also includes the conceptual framework, and the

assumption of the study.

Relevant Theories

Understanding and applying relevant theories are crucial for creating a strong

theoretical framework that guides the research process in capstone research. Researchers

use theoretical frameworks to establish a foundation for their study in which they can

frame their instruments and gather data to be analyzed and on which they can base their

conclusions. Combining their investigations with renowned theories will establish the
already existing truth on which such scholars rely when conducting such studies. As we

go further we gathered different relevant theories.

In 1984 Michel Callon, Madeleine Akrich and Bruno Latour developed Actor-

Network Theory at the Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation (CSI) of the École Nationale

Supérieure des mines de Paris. Actor-network theory (ANT) of is about a heterogeneous

network of humans and even non-humans as equal interrelated actors. It strives for

impartiality in the description of human actors and nonhuman technological gadgets, and

the reintegration of the natural world and the society.

Structuration theory attempts to define the structures also as resources and their

rules that are organized with relevant technological system properties at the social level.

The theory employs one recursive notion of actions, constrained and enabled by

structures which are produced and reproduced by the action. Consequently, in this theory

technology cannot be rendered as an artifact, so instead examines people and their

interaction with technology at their work practices, that enacts structures which shape

their emerging and also situated use of that technology. Here, key authors include

DeSanctis and Poole (1990), and Orlikowski (1992).

Systems theory considers the historical development of technology and media with an

emphasis on inertia and heterogeneity, stressing the connections between the artifact

being built and the social, economic, political and cultural factors surrounding it. Key

concepts include reverse salients when elements of a system lag in development with

respect to others, differentiation, operational closure, and autopoietic autonomy. Key

authors include Thomas P. Hughes (1992) and Luhmann (2000)

Activity theory is considering that entire work and also activity system (including

included members, teams, organizations, etc.) beyond one user or actor. It also may

account for the environment, personal history and supposed culture, "the role of the

artifacts", emerged motivations, and sought views on complexity of activities in real-life.

One of the strengths of AT is that it bridges the gap between the individual subject and the

social reality—it studies both through the mediating activity. The unit of analysis in AT is

the concept of object-oriented, collective and culturally mediated human activity, or

activity system.

Related Literature

This qualitative interview study described the collaborative approach used in Eero

County to combat chronic absenteeism and improve attendance within the district. The

use of qualitative interviews identified the strategies implemented by a variety of

stakeholders and partners involved in launching and engaging with the initiative. Our

findings on the strategies suggest that schools and districts attempting to reduce student

absenteeism can successfully collaborate with community organizations interested in

education reform. Future qualitative research that utilizes cross-sector collaboration

research and data collection strategies would greatly expand our knowledge of these

types of community-wide endeavors, especially in urban districts. In closing, this study

raises an important question: To what extent are organizations, especially those that are

not formally embedded in the K-12 hierarchy but strongly connected to the communities
that they serve, engaged in addressing chronic absenteeism? Our findings suggest that

organizations are willing to engage in efforts that have the potential to alleviate a

complex social problem. A critical issue will be in understanding how to bring these types

of endeavors to scale, how to manage data collection and analysis, and how to sustain

these endeavors for numerous school years. (Joshua Childs & Ain A. Grooms, 2018).

This paper presents the design of a SMS Based Flood Monitoring and Early Warning

System and discusses its implementation. It successfully verifies the use of pressure

sensors in a water level monitoring system as the relationship between the pressure and

water level height is a perfect linear. One problem in the system may develop if the

network provider makes changes to the network. The GSM module cannot upgrade itself.

The system is further improved by make it independent by incorporating a solar battery

charging system. This can be supported by the GSM module. GSM module has a feature

that enables it to check the battery level at any time. Since the setup will be in a remote

area, the solar charging system will allow for the battery to be constantly charged. The

user can also check the battery status through the GSM module. The module should be

able to feedback the battery level to the user via SMS. Further remote top-up, adding

resident numbers are also incorporated to make the system fully efficient. Finally, this

monitoring system is fast, cheaper and reliable hence it helps prevent the loss of lives

damage to properties. (Azid, I.S. and Sharma, B. , 2014).

1. According in the study of Mutammimul Ula1 Angga Pratama, Yuli Asbar

Wahyu Fuadi Riyadhul Fajri Richki Hardi in 2021 titled A New Model of The

Student Attendance Monitoring System Using RFID Technology, they

concluded that the system work process starts by initializing the input and
 output ports. When the card is scanned into the incoming RFID, the RFID will

check whether the data matches the database in the PC, if appropriate then

Arduino gives a command to the DC motor to open the door and the PC will

record the clock and activate the infrared sensor as a marker if the object has

entered the room. After the object enters the room, the door will close. Then if

the data that the scanned RFID scans do not match later, the outgoing RFID

will be active and check whether the data in the database on the PC is

compatible, if appropriate then Arduino will order the DC motor to open the

door, and the PC records the exit time and saves the calculation on the PC and

activates infrared sensor, when the object has left the door will close. If it is not

suitable for three attempts, the alarm will sound. From these results, there are

several recommendations in this study, including to increase the efficiency and

effectiveness of data stored in a database on a server computer, need a fast and

stable internet connection. The development of attendance systems using RFID

technology is further recommended by increasing security to avoid students

who are still committing fraud in terms of entrusting RFID cards for

attendance.

According to Rendleman (2017) that even though a relationship was established

between attendance and performance it was not proven that there was a positive

relationship between attendance policy and attendance or attendance policy and grades.

Pinto and Lohrey (2016) detailed current debate on the use of a mandatory attendance

policy and academic freedom. Pinto and Lohrey (2016) put forward arguments for and
against attendance policy. Key arguments for a mandatory attendance policy include: the

positive relationship between attendance and performance; the reasoning that when

students show up for classes they are actually prepared for professional life; and because

there are regulatory requirements that necessitate carefully tracking attendance (Pinto and

Lohrey, 2016).

Most institutional authorities find it difficult to manage their staff' manual

attendance. Signing documents by hand is a time-consuming and unsafe procedure. At

these locations, an effective mechanism for tracking attendance must be implemented.

We have a solution for problems like proxy attendance with the Radio Frequency

Identification (RFID) based attendance system. This document outlines the architecture

of an RFID-based attendance tracking system that uses an ID tag connected to an

employee's or student's ID card to uniquely identify each. Compared to the traditional

way, this technology for tracking attendance is easier, faster, and more secure. This

system is intended for usage in various corporate settings, government organizations, and

educational institutions. The suggested system is made up of IoT-based hardware and

software components. The RFID tags/cards and RC522 card reader make up the hardware

component. The software component comprises of a web-based graphical user interface

(GUI) that is hosted on a web server and allows users to check the attendance of

employees or students. The data is stored on a database server. To have their attendance

for the day recorded, staff members or students only need to place their RFID card or tag

on the reader. Additionally, since the system is in sync with a real-time clock, the

attendance tracked will be more precise (Koppikar et al., 2019).

 In addition to the aid of a tag and a reader, radio frequency identification (RFID)

technology is a superior wireless solution. Putting this technology into practice might

result in the creation of a long-lasting student attendance system. As a result, this study

effectively illustrates how developing an embedded system and RFID-based student

recognition and registration system can have a positive impact on environmental

sustainability and globalization. Upon receiving the sent data from the corresponding

RFID tag placed in the student card, the RFID-based attendance system design

authenticates the students' identity, location, time, and date. Teachers, students, and

administrative staff make up the system's user base, which is where the suggested system

is created and evaluated. The robust and automated attendance system offered by the

suggested solution addresses the issues with the conventional attendance system. Since a

100% success rate is attained, the results demonstrate that the created method is

workable, effective, suitable for deployment, and error-free. The interface device can

successfully and error-free make requests for attendance verification and synchronize its

time with the web server Choe, W. C. C., Teh, Y. H., Low, Y. W., Eltaif, T., Minhad, K.

N., Tan, J. D., & Bhuiyan, M. A. S. (2023).

Information and communication technology (ICT) trends of late have embraced

several smartphone apps in a range of industrial and educational areas during the past few

years. The goal of this project is to employ the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

system to tackle one of the educational domain's most promising problems: taking

attendance in an intelligent manner. The King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU) in Saudi

Arabia's current attendance system helps to some extent to address the attendance issue.
The current attendance systems have several drawbacks, including being labor-intensive,

prone to error, truancy difficulties, unable to communicate with parents or guardians, and

inefficient due to roll call and manual attendance taking. Robust, safe, and automated

attendance will be provided by the suggested RFID-based system. To address most issues

with current attendance systems, the suggested system will make use of contemporary

technology as well as assistance for parents, institutions, and both. Other advantages of

the RFID-based system include less administrative labor, an improved attendance ratio,

web-based and mobile interfaces, a daily absentee report, an automated SMS alert to the

parent or guardian, and its affordable and highly efficient nature. The research design that

will be employed is the case study technique. KAU Saudi Arabia is where the suggested

system is designed and tested. Both web and mobile interfaces will be available for the

proposed system. The mobile interface will employ the Android platform for the testing

scenarios, while the online interface will require Internet access to access the proposed

system. To examine the status of students for a specific course, the user will go into the

system and create customized reports. The suggested solution is expected to greatly

enhance students' monitoring capabilities, empowering instructors, and parents to make

the most accurate decisions (Qureshi, 2020).

According to Matilda and Shahin (2019). Each institution needs an attendance

monitoring system to monitor student performance, but making sure every student is

there is a difficult undertaking. All organizations manually record students' attendance by

calling on their names or register numbers. This information is then recorded in

department heads' attendance registers, which serve as official documentation. In certain

organizations, students also wish to sign these records, which are kept on file for future
use. Few students consistently sign for their absentee classmates or provide a proxy

attendance report for the missing students, making this process laborious, difficult, and

prone to error.

Nowadays, many people use the advancements in information technology to

expedite, simplify, and speed up their work. A physical presence system that is still in use

is a manual presence method that uses paper medium. It is ineffective when considering

time since it is merely a summary of information about the existence, veracity, and

legitimacy of the data provided. The practice of leaving a signature as evidence of an

employee's attendance is still prevalent. The goal of this research is to present a novel

presence model—a presence system that makes use of RFID technology. RFID will read

data using sensors. RFID is used to make it easier for instructors and students to keep

track of attendance in class. The reading device is fixed with a radio frequency that is

attached to the RFID card; this allows the system to automatically transfer student data

into the database. Students can complete it swiftly as a result, and data can be agreed

upon appropriately and on time. Since the system can directly save and show data, it also

encourages instructors and learners to arrive early (Ula et al., 2021).

Related Studies

According to student's attendance at his institution has an impact on his or her

overall academic success. Therefore, to help the teacher maintain attendance of presence,

a computer-based student attendance management system is required. Many

computerized systems for managing attendance. This paper defines the fundamental issue
of student attendance management, which is typically handled manually by instructors.

Computer Vision offers an option to automate the student attendance system. This study

reviews the many computerized systems that are being developed utilizing diverse

methodologies. A novel method for managing and recording student attendance is

suggested for implementation in several colleges and academic institutions based on the

findings of this review (Patel and Priya 2019).

According to the study conducted by Srinidhi and Roy (2019) on the situation of

current attendance monitoring system of Balagtas National Agricultural High School the ,

web enabled secured system for attendance monitoring, most regular work

processes have grown, advanced, and become more modernized thanks in large part to

Automated Information Systems. The studies goal is to create a safe and secure web-

based attendance monitoring system for PCs and smartphones that uses radio frequency

identification (RFID) technology and biometrics and is built on a multi-tier architecture.

Both students' and faculty/staff members' attendance records can be kept up to date using

the system. Additionally, the technology can locate staff members, instructors, and

students at any point on the campus of the educational institution. The system allows for

an automated text messaging service that notifies parents via SMS that their ward has

arrived in college successfully. If a student falls behind in attendance, an email

notification will be sent to both parents and the student. The system has an automatic

attendance performance graph feature that provides a sense of the student's attendance

consistency over the course of the semester.

 According to Bharathy, M. G., Bhavanisankari, M. S., & Tamilselvi, T. (2021),

Attendance monitoring system involves a lot of work to keep track of students'

attendance in an institution. Manually managing attendance is always challenging. The

goal of this project is to create a smart attendance system that effectively and

automatically tracks student attendance in an institution. RFID readers and an Arduino

Uno microcontroller are used in the development of the entire system. Students' ID cards

can be equipped with individual RFID tags. Additionally, Wi-Fi communication modules

are used to enable convenient communication dependent on network availability. A

student database must be established. Parents' mobile phones receive alerts regarding

their child's attendance status via a GSM module. To determine the student's current

location, a GPS module is utilized. Teachers and administrators at any school will have a

great deal less manual labor to do thanks to this approach. IoT and RFID, the two most

prevalent trends in technological research, are included in the suggested study. The

proposed approach will be very beneficial for monitoring pupils or staff in schools,

universities, and other organizations. While there exist various approaches to overseeing

the attendance of students or staff, the suggested technique is user-friendly and highly

practical for any kind of establishment. The suggested technique saves time, is easy to

use, and is dependable.

According to Gining, R. J., Fauzi, S. S. M., Ayub, I. M., Jamaluddin, M. N. F., &

Puspitasari, I. 2020. Participating in activities sponsored by the college or other

organization is one of the crucial requirements that students must meet for a variety of

reasons. The procedure of tracking students' attendance is the primary concern, regardless

of whether they participate in classes or other activities. Because there is no e-

management system, the manual, paper-based method of recording student attendance is

still often employed. Due to the fragile nature of the paper and its high cost of production

and procurement, these methods have numerous drawbacks. This study created and built

an electronic system called the Activity Attendance Monitoring System (AAMS) that

uses the student card—a commonly available resource—as the student identity when

attending an activity. The system is based on Radio Frequency identity (RFID). The

validation, execution, and continuous test results indicate that AAMS may be used to

track and record student attendance with success. The design and development of a model

that can track students' attendance in the context of university activities is the study's

primary contribution. The suggested design and development methodology can be used

by researchers and developers in the field to create a system that is comparable for

tracking activity attendance.

The goal of Attendance Monitoring System to identify solutions for the problems

related to creating school IDs, monitoring Senior high school students, and verifying

attendance. The Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model served as a guide during

the five stages that this study underwent development. The system scored a flawless 100

percent. It obtained an incredibly high overall grade (Mean = 4.00; Standard Deviation =

0.00) in every category, including usability, functionality, accessibility, correctness,

design, and efficiency. Consistent responses from the evaluators indicated a degree of

apparent agreement, suggesting a pretty uniform belief that the system is an excellent

innovation that works well in the school. Parents also praise the system for its ease of use

and effectiveness, as well as for involving and reassuring their children and offering them

new experiences and novelty. Significantly, an unusual and fresh experience that
generated a lot of good feelings and was accepted in spite of its limits. Consequently, it

may not be necessary to modify the system; instead, it may need to be built in order to

accommodate future stakeholder recommendations. It is advised that the system be

continuously enhanced over time, as needed. Additionally, educators can utilize the

system to identify issues with its implementation and validate its effectiveness. In order

to better align the system, it is also advised that it be reevaluated later. Improvements to

school procedures throughout system development could result in a more sophisticated,

adaptable, skillful, and pertinent educational experience (Bayocot and Romanillos, 2024).

According to Guevarra and Corpuz (2023), a lot of users welcome the new

technological trend because of its benefits. One of those is the attendance monitoring

system, which was created using various techniques all throughout the world to address

student absenteeism. Including technological innovations is essential to raising students'

awareness, focus, and interest in problem-solving skills, particularly for everyday

situations. Isabela State University-San Mateo Campus needs this kind of system since

students frequently miss class for a variety of reasons and their parents or guardians aren't

notified right away when their kids are absent. Additionally, the teachers kept track of

their students' daily attendance on paper or in a class record. In order to make tracking

class attendance more convenient and easier, this class attendance monitoring system

using barcode and SMS notification was created. Students can use the scanner to scan

their Identity Barcode, which is then stored in the database and used to send a text

message (SMS) to their parents via the Global System for Mobile Communications

(GSM) network. The message contains the time and date that their child enters the

classroom for specific subjects or events. Additionally, this system will produce an
attendance report that breaks out student arrival and departure times by subject, semester,

course, and even school event.

Education is heavily reliant on attendance; kids who attend lessons on a regular

basis are more likely to thrive academically and develop into valued members of the

school community. Monitoring their attendance and time during their school days is also

crucial. The Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Ragay, Camarines Sur Branch is

the first location where the researchers' tool—which uses the Waterfall Model to track

and record students' attendance in class for reference was first put into use. To determine

the degree of acceptability of the suggested student attendance monitoring system, the

researchers used a survey that was completed by 50 students. The tool's designed tool

yielded a promising result of 4.63 with a verbal interpretation of Highly Acceptable.

Based on the evaluation's findings, it is anticipated that the organization will benefit from

using the suggested system, which is attendance monitoring system Acasamoso, D. M.,

Avila, E. C., & Vargas, S. (2021).

The research gathered data indicating that the Attendance Monitoring System

using RFID with SMS Notification plays a crucial role in the new phases of people's

lives. People utilized attendance monitoring on a regular basis. Without the developed

system, an institution that handles manual attendance would continue to be disorganized

and untidy. The advent of Attendance Monitoring Systems has had a major influence on

the lives of all individuals.

Conceptual Framework
 The study utilized the Input, Process, Output (IPO) conceptual paradigm

presented in Figure 1 in designing and evaluating the ability of the system.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Knowledge Requirements

 Review of current Part I. System Development

manual system
 Understanding user Development of ATMOS
requirements using Waterfall Model
 Software and
hardware
Requirement analysis
technology
 RFID Technology System Design
 SMS Technology
Implementation DEVELOPED
Software Requirements ATTENDANCE
Testing MONITORING SYSTEM
 HTML/CSS
 Javascript Deployment USING RFID WITH SMS
 Php NOTIFICATION
 MySQL/XAMPP Maintenance
Hardware Requirements

 Desktop computer
Part II
 Laptop
Data Gathering
 RFID Devices
Survey Questionnaire
 SMS Devices
Analysis and Interpretation
Relevant Theories, Related of the Result
Literature and Related
Studies
 FEEDBACK

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigmn of the Study

The conceptual framework of the proposed system is shown in Figure 1 whereas the first

fame The knowledge prerequisites included in this basic understanding of this system;

software requirements are the foundation, or backend, of the system; these are things that

can make it work and function; hardware requirements are the tangibles of the system;

relevant theories is the theories that the previous studies conducted in their research,

related literature these are the concept that the other studies that have been made in this

research and related studies these are the studies of previous research of the other

researchers that are related to this study.

The second frame contains the requirement analysis that can determine the needs or

conditions of the system, system design is the process of designing the main interface and

contents of the system, implementation is the execution and process of planning the

system how it will be implemented, testing is to let senior high students test the system to

evaluate the system’s error and to make some changes to it, deployment is the act of

deploying the system to deliver it to the user’s preference and quality of the each change,

maintenance is maintaining the system for updates and patches of the system, data

gathering is to gather data from different respondents and let them evaluate the system,

survey questionnaire is an instrument that contains the questions and collect information
for the system, analysis and interpretation is the data gathered and emergent knowledge

that can applied to the user’s problems to the system. Lastly,

The third frame is the developed system that the input and the process accumulated to

make the ATTENDANCE MONITORING SYSTEM USING RFID WITH SMS

NOTIFICATION.

Assumption of the Study

This study assumes that the development of Attendance Monitoring System

(ATMOS) using RFID and SMS Notification can produce accurate attendance data by

cutting down on paperwork and saving time. The system offers the best user interface

available. Using the suggested system, effective reports can be produced. The studies

goal is to save time and cut down on paperwork in order to produce correct attendance

data. The system offers the best user interface available. With the help of this suggested

system, effective reports can be produced.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researchers discuss the methods and techniques used in the

study, population and sample of the study, researcher instrument, data gathering

procedure and data processing and statistical treatment.

Methods and Techniques of the study

 The research methodology used in this study combines the quantitative and

qualitative methods resulting to a mixed method. Mixed methods can improve the

validity and reliability of the results while also integrating qualitative and quantitative

research and offering epistemic benefits. Because it allows researchers to gather both

kinds of data while avoiding the drawbacks of using either strategy alone, this strategy

can be applied to our study.

The researchers will use the Explanatory research design under the mixed method,

the researcher chose this to start the study that are unfamiliar to researchers to better learn

and develop a much deeper understanding the study by conducting survey, giving

questionnaire or observation.

A software engineering model known as the waterfall model, it serves as steps and

guide that the researchers follow while conducting the research. The waterfall model

consists of six phases: (1) requirements analysis; (2) system design; (3) implementation;

(4) testing; (5) deployment and (6) maintenance.

Figure 2. The Waterfall Model Diagram

 The researchers used Waterfall method in this study because it follows sequential

process and separates data in a system from the programs that act on the data. (Adenowo,

A. A., & Adenowo, B. A. (2013). The sequential phases in the Waterfall model are 1)

Requirement and analysis. In this phase, all possible requirements of the system to be

developed shall be taken into account and documented in the requirement specification

document; 2) System Design. In this phase the requirements from the first stage shall be

analysed and a system design drawn up. Specify the hardware and system requirements,

as well as the overall architecture of the systems; 3) Implementation. The system plan is

implemented, and the required software is developed. 4) Testing. After testing, all the

units developed during the implementation phase are added to the system. The entire

system shall be tested for any malfunction or failure after integration; 5) Deployment of

system. Upon completion of functional and non-functional testing, the product shall be

placed in the customer's environment or placed on the market; 6) Maintenance. In the

client environment there are some issues that arise. Patches are being made available to

correct these issues. Some improved versions have also been made available in order to

improve the product. In order to deliver these changes to the customer environment,

maintenance is carried out.

In reviewing previous research findings, this study examined the content of

existing and available documentary resources as information sources. This technique is

known as documentary analysis.

Population and Sample of the Study

The development of Attendance Monitoring System (ATMOS) is intended for

Senior High School Students of Balagtas National Agricultural High School.

To ensure a comprehensive understanding of the target population, a sampling

method will be used such as Convenience Sampling, Sample sizes will be allocated to the

twenty-seven senior high school teachers of Balagtas National Agricultural High School.

Selecting a sampling method, the researchers will need minimal prior knowledge of

the target population; with this and some reasonable assumptions, we can estimate a

sample size required to achieve a reasonable estimate (with acceptable precision

and accuracy) of population characteristics.

Research Instrument

The researchers will use research instrument such as survey-questionnaire and

interview. The researchers decide to use this because of its quick collection of data than

the other methods. Considering the respondent of the questionnaires which is the senior

high school teachers they could answer the instrument without difficulty. The researchers

will provide an evaluation form that is adapted from the ISO IEC 20741-2017 model. The

implementation of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 is an important step in setting requirements for

measuring, taking into account the requirements of many international documents that

contain requirements for equipment and techniques of test and measurement. (R. Trishch,

O. Maletska, H. Hrinchenko, S. Artiukh, V. Burdeina, N. Antonenko,(2019)

 The researchers decided that the model fit the standard for the development of the

web-based attendance system. The software’s reliability and validity will be calculated

using ranking system 4.0 – 5.0 Excellent, 3.0 – 4.0 Very Good, 2.0 – 3.0 Poor, 1.0 – 2.0

Very Poor.

For the validation, the questionnaire is given to the Balagtas National Agricultural

High School Senior high department and therefore checked for the validity and reliability

of contents of the instrument by the Head of the Department of Senior high school and

BNAHS Principal Mr. Roman Carrion. After checking, if no invalid remarks, the

researchers will advance to make copies. Then the copies of the questionnaire will be

given to the participant handed by the researchers themselves.

Data Gathering Procedure

As discussed on the Methods and Techniques, the researchers formulated a

questionnaire to be used in gathering data. The questionnaire was checked by the adviser

and statistician for any inaccuracy, mistake and biased questions. After the questionnaire

was finalized, the researchers will explain to the respondent the details that may help to the

respondent better understand the questionnaire, after that the researcher will distribute the

right amount of questionnaire that will suffice the number of participants needed and will

be given personally by the researchers. The distributed questionnaires given to respondents

were collected the same day the participants finished answering the questions, then

researchers will combine the respondents’ answers with the use of frequency distribution

followed by the analysis and interpretation of data. The proponents handed out a

questionnaire to the teachers in charge about their experiences with the current manual
system that the BNAHS is using. The researchers will confidently make the data gathered

confidential and make improvements to the system.

Data processing and Statistical Treatment

The data that the researchers collected will be manually used to gather the data for this

study. In order to assure neutrality in the presentation, understanding, and evaluation. The

data processing findings will next be examined using data analysis. The data analysis will

be generally qualitative and quantitative. For data presentation, the statistical tool that

will be utilized is the weighted mean. It will be used to provide a of all the gathered data

from the acceptability test concerning the different criteria. It is represented by a single

value which represents the entire data. The Weighted Average by summing together all

the products of frequency times degree and dividing by the total frequency, one can

determine the weighted average. The respondents' evaluation will be based on the

weighted mean. There will be several evaluation levels, each of which will be based on

how well the response was.

The statistical procedure the researchers used to interpret the collected data from the

participants of the study.

Where:
 n = sample size

N = number of cases

e = margin of error

e=5%

These responses were used to interpret the data. The following are the numerical

ratings and interpretations of the responses that were analyzed and evaluated:

Likert Scale. Will be used to evaluate the system, 5 being the highest and 1 as the

lowest. If the tester or user is satisfied with how the function works, he or she will rate

the system between 4 or 5 which has a verbal description of “Excellent” and “Very

Good”. If the tester or user is half satisfied with how the function works, he or she will

rate the system between 3 and 2 which results in a description of “Good” and “Poor” and

“Very Poor. Lastly, if the tester or user is not satisfied with how the function works, he or

she will rate the system 1 which is the lowest which also means that the system will need

improvement.

 The weighted mean of a set of numbers X1, X2, ..., Xn, with corresponding weights

w1, w2, ...,wn, is computed from the following formula:

( w1 X 1 +w 2 X 2 +...+wn X n )
X̄ w =
( w1 +w2+...wn )

Table 1. Scaled numbers in Verbal Interpretation

MEAN VALUE WEIGHT VERBAL INTERPRETATION

4.30 – 5.00 5 Excellent

3.50 - 4.20 4 Very Good

2.70 – 3.40 3 Good

1.90 – 2.60 2 Poor

1.00 – 1.80 1 Very Poor

The scale number in Verbal Interpretation shows the four rating scales that

were used in questionnaire-rating. Number 1 is equivalent to Excellent, 2 is Very Good, 3 is

Good, 4 is Poor and 5 is Very Poor.

Ethical Consideration

The participants in the study will not experience any adverse effects as a result of

taking part. Prior to the study, full consent will be obtained from the participants and

researchers. The privacy of these research participants will also be safeguarded. The

respondents' voluntary participation in the study will be heavily weighed. Additionally,

they have the freedom to leave the study whenever they want. The handling of the data

will be sufficiently confidential. The researchers would not spread any false information

or present the primary research findings in a biased way. However, the strictest adherence

to objectivity in discussions and analyses will be considered throughout the research. It

will also clear up any associations, funding, and potential conflicts of interest. Not least,

this action research's communications will be truthful and open.

 Evaluation Criteria for Software

Rating Description
A. Software Evaluation
5 Strongly Agree
Name:
4 Agree

3 Neutral

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

_____________________________________ Date: _________________

School: _______________________________________
Position: ______________________________________
B. Software Evaluation
Instruction:
The researcher is conducting a study entitled “Attendance monitoring system

using RFID with SMS notification” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT).

In this regard, please evaluate the developed project by using the given scale below and

placing a checkmark ( ) under its corresponding numerical rating. This research

instrument was based on the ISO IEC 20741-2017 software quality standard.
 Indicators 5 4 3 2 1

Functionality Sustainability

1. The system can perform the task required

2. The web application provides security
3. The system can resume working and
restore lost data after failure.
4. The system is capable of handling errors.
Performance Efficiency
1. The system can respond to the various
needs of the users
2. Most of the errors in the system have been
eliminated
3. The system operates at the maximum level
of accuracy and preciseness
4. The system manages time efficiently and
effectively
Usability
1. The user learns to use the web application
fast and easy
2. The user comprehends how to use the
system and web application
3. The user uses the web application without
much effort
Compatibility
1. The system can be used on different web
browser
2. The system can be viewed on different web
browser
3. The system can be accessed on different
platforms
Reliability
1. The system information on different users
is core
2. The system can do the operation intended
for it
3. The system is consistent in producing
outputs
4. The system can satisfy the needed outputs
of the user
Security
1. The system provides username and
password
2. The system generates reports against
unauthorized users
3. The system records can be viewed
according to the type and level of
authorization
4. The system records can be modified
according to the type and level of
authorization
5. The system records can be downloaded
according to the type and level of
authorization
Maintainability
1. The system module and interface can be
updated through administrator account
2. The system allows updating different user
records through level of security
3. The system allows update on student
academic monitor
4. The system username and password can be
modified online
5. The system administrator account can
monitors different user’s account online
Portability
1. The system can be used anywhere and
anytime
2. The system can be viewed anywhere and
anytime
3. The system provides downloadable reports
in any platforms
4. The system provides consistency in
different platform
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