Indefinite

Integration
Indefinite Integration
Integration is the reverse process of differentiation.
Indefinite Integration

xn+1
1. ∫ xn .dx = + c, n ≠ -1
n+1

2.
Indefinite Integration

3.

4.
Indefinite Integration

5.

6.
Indefinite Integration

7.

8.
Indefinite Integration

9.

10.
Indefinite Integration

11.

12.

13.
Indefinite Integration
1. ∫k f(x) dx = k∫f(x) dx, where k is any constant.

2. If f1(x), f2(x), f3(x) ….. (finite in number) are functions of x, then

∫[f1(x) ± f2(x) ± f3(x) …..] dx = ∫f1(x) dx ± ∫f2(x) dx ± …...
Indefinite Integration

3. If ∫ f(x) dx = F(x), then ∫ f(ax ± b)dx = F(ax ± b).

∫ 2x . ex dx
If dx = Ax + B log sin (x - 𝝰), + C, then value of (A, B) is

A. (-cos 𝝰, sin 𝝰) B. (cos 𝝰, sin 𝝰) (2004)

C. (-sin 𝝰, cos 𝝰) D. (sin 𝝰, cos 𝝰)

Integration Techniques

Substitution

By part (product rule)

Partial (fraction)

Miscellaneous
Substitution

i. ∫ tan x dx = ln (secx) + C OR - ln(cosx) + C

ii. ∫ cot x dx = ln (sinx) + C

iii. ∫ sec x dx = ln (secx + tanx) + C OR

iv. ∫ cosec x dx = ln (cosecx - cotx) + C OR

Substitution

i. ∫ tan x dx = ln (secx) + C
Substitution

ii. ∫ cot x dx = ln (sinx) + C

Substitution

iii. ∫ sec x dx
Substitution

iv. ∫ cosec x dx
The integral x dx is equal to

(Here c is a constant of integration)

A. -3 tan-1/3 x + C B. -¾ tan-4/3 x + C

C. -3 cot-1/3 x + C D. 3 tan-1/3 x + C
The integral

is equal to

(Where C is a constant of integration)

A. B.

C. D.
The value of is

A. B.

C. D.
 equals

A. B.

C. D.
 General
Substitution
General Substitution

★ ; x = a sin θ

★ ; x = a tan θ

★ ; x = a sec θ
Loving Integrals

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
Loving Integrals

1.
Loving Integrals

2.
Loving Integrals

4.
Note:

For integration of type and

★
make ax2 + bx + c as perfect square

★ For integration of type and

write px + q = 𝝺(2ax + b) + μ
Integration By
Parts
Integration By Parts
I L A T E
Type 1 : Separate functions are visible

Example Evaluate ∫ x tan-1 x dx

∫ x cos x dx
Type 2 : Considering ‘1’ as a function

Example Evaluate ∫ lnx dx

Type 3 : Recurring By Parts

Example Evaluate ∫ ex cos x dx

Type 4 : Special Cases

a. ∫ ex (f(x) + f’(x)) dx = ex f(x) + C

b. ∫ (f(x) + xf’(x)) dx = x f(x) + C

Type 4 : Special Cases

Example Evaluate
∫ [sin(ln x) + cos(ln x) dx
∫ (2ln x + (ln x)2) dx
Type - 1

1.

2.

3.
Type - 2

1.

2.
Integration
By Parts
(Questions)
The integral dx is equal to

A. B.

C. D.
 is equals to
(2005)

A. B.

C. D.
If ∫ f(x) dx = ψ(x), then ∫x5 f(x3) dx is equal to

A. ⅓ [x3ψ(x3) - ∫x2ψ(x3) dx] + C B. ⅓ x3ψ(x3) -3 ∫x3ψ(x3) dx + C

C. ⅓ x3ψ(x3) - ∫x2ψ(x3) dx + C D. ⅓ [x3ψ(x3) - ∫x3ψ(x3) dx] + C

(2013)
JEE M 2022
The integral

is equal to : (Where C is a constant of integration) [JEE Main 2019]

A.

B.

C.

D.
Partial Fraction
Concept Builder
Concept Builder
Type 1: Linear Factors
Type 2: Repeated Linear Factors
Type 3: Quadratic Factors (non-factorizable)
Partial Fraction (Concept)
Partial Fraction

★
Partial Fraction
Remember

★
Partial Fraction can be applied only if
Deg (Nr) < Deg (Dr)

★
If Deg (Nr) ≥ Deg (Dr) then Long
Division
Partial Fractions Involving Even Powers of ‘x’ only:

★
If

α logc |1 + tan x| + β loge | 1 - tan x + tan2 x | + γ tan-1 +

C,
when C is constant of integration, then the value of 18(α + β + γ2) is.

[JEE Main 2021]

 Integration
Of Trigonometric
Functions
Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Type - 1

Multiply Nr and Dr by sec2x or cosec2x and proceed

Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Type - 2

Convert sinx and cosx into their corresponding tangent

to half the angles and put
Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Type - 3
Evaluate the indefinite integral
Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Type - 4

Divide Nr and Dr by x2 and take suitable substitution

Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Type - 5

Approach:

(a) Substitute sin x = t, is n is odd;

(b) Substitute cos x = t, is m is odd
Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Type - 5

Approach:

(c) Substitute tan x = t, if m + n is a negative

even integer.
Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Type - 5

Approach:

(d) If m and n are rational numbers and

is a negative integer, then cot x = t or tan x = t

Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

Type - 6 sin x ± cos x = t

If

where c is a constant of integration, then the ordered pair (a,b) is equal

to : [JEE Main 2021]

A. (1, -3)

B. (1, 3)

C. (-1, 3)

D. (3, 1)
The value of dx is equal to

A. B.

C. D.
[JEE Main 2023]
Integrals of
 dx is equal to

A.

B.

C.

D.
 dx is equal to

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Integrals of
Irrational Algebraic
Function
Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 1 Type - 3

Type - 2 Type - 4
Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 1

Put px + q = t2
Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 2 Put px + q = t2
Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 3

Put ax + b = 1/t
Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 4
Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 4

Case - 1 When (ax2 + bx + c) breaks up into two linear factors, e.g

Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 4

Case - 2 If ax2 + bx + c is a perfect square say (lx + m)2 then

put lx + m = 1/t
Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 4

Case - 3 If b = 0; q = 0 e.g. then put x = 1/t

Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

Type - 5 (β > α) (Start: x = αcos2θ +

βsin2θ)
Integrals of Irrational Algebraic Function

put x = α cos2θ + β sin2θ

put x = α sec2θ - β tan2θ

put x - α = t2 or x - β = t2.
Summary

Integral Substitution

px + q = t2

px + q = t2

ax + b = 1/t

x = 1/t
Reduction
Formula
Why Reduction Formula?
Reduction Formula of sin x
Reduction Formula of cos x
Reduction Formula of tan x
Reduction Formula of cot x
Reduction Formula of sec x
Reduction Formula of cosec x
If and

where u = cotx and C is an arbitrary constant, then

A. A is constant
B. A = -1
C. A = 1
D. A is dependent on x
Thank You #VCians