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Integration Formulas: 1. Common Integrals

1. This document provides formulas for evaluating indefinite integrals involving common functions such as exponential, logarithmic, rational, trigonometric, and combinations of polynomial and exponential terms. 2. Methods are given for finding integrals of rational functions involving polynomials in both the numerator and denominator. 3. Integrals of expressions involving exponential functions of both the variable in the exponent and the variable outside the exponential are defined.

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Ashish Kumar
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
105 views5 pages

Integration Formulas: 1. Common Integrals

1. This document provides formulas for evaluating indefinite integrals involving common functions such as exponential, logarithmic, rational, trigonometric, and combinations of polynomial and exponential terms. 2. Methods are given for finding integrals of rational functions involving polynomials in both the numerator and denominator. 3. Integrals of expressions involving exponential functions of both the variable in the exponent and the variable outside the exponential are defined.

Uploaded by

Ashish Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration Formulas

1. Common Integrals Integrals of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions


Indefinite Integral ∫ ln x dx = x ln x − x + C
Method of substitution
x n +1 x n +1
∫ x ln x dx =
n
ln x − +C
∫ f ( g ( x)) g ′( x)dx = ∫ f (u )du n +1 ( n + 1)
2

Integration by parts
∫e
x
dx = e x + C
∫ f ( x) g ′( x)dx = f ( x) g ( x) − ∫ g ( x) f ′( x)dx
bx
∫ b dx =
x
Integrals of Rational and Irrational Functions +C
ln b
x n +1
∫ x dx =
n
+C ∫ sinh x dx = cosh x + C
n +1
1 ∫ cosh x dx = sinh x + C
∫ x dx = ln x + C
∫ c dx = cx + C
x2
∫ xdx = 2
+C

x3
∫ x dx =
2
+C
3
1 1
∫ x2 dx = − x + C
2x x
∫ xdx =
3
+C

1
∫1+ x 2
dx = arctan x + C

1
∫ 1 − x2
dx = arcsin x + C

Integrals of Trigonometric Functions

∫ sin x dx = − cos x + C
∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
∫ tan x dx = ln sec x + C
∫ sec x dx = ln tan x + sec x + C
1
∫ sin ( x − sin x cos x ) + C
2
x dx =
2
1
∫ cos x dx = 2 ( x + sin x cos x ) + C
2

∫ tan
2
x dx = tan x − x + C

∫ sec
2
x dx = tan x + C
2. Integrals of Rational Functions
Integrals involving ax + b

( ax + b )n + 1
n
∫ ( ax + b ) dx = a ( n + 1) ( for n ≠ −1)
1 1
∫ ax + b dx = a ln ax + b
a ( n + 1) x − b
∫ x ( ax + b )
n
dx = 2
( ax + b )n+1 ( for n ≠ −1, n ≠ −2 )
a ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
x x b
∫ ax + b dx = a − a 2 ln ax + b
x b 1
∫ ( ax + b )2 dx = a 2 ( ax + b ) + a 2 ln ax + b
x a (1 − n ) x − b
∫ ( ax + b )n dx = a 2 ( n − 1)( n − 2)( ax + b )n−1 ( for n ≠ −1, n ≠ −2 )

1  ( ax + b ) 
2
x2
∫ ax + b dx =  − 2b ( ax + b ) + b 2
ln ax + b 
a3  2 
 
x2 1  b2 
∫ ( ax + b )2 dx = 3  ax + b − 2b ln ax + b −
a 

ax + b 

x2 1  2b b2 
∫ ( ax + b )3 dx =  ln ax + b + − 
a3  ax + b 2 ( ax + b )2 
 

1  ( ax + b ) 
3−n 2− n 1−n
x2 2b ( a + b ) b2 ( ax + b )
∫ ( ax + b ) n dx = − + −  ( for n ≠ 1, 2,3)
a3  n−3 n−2 n −1 
 
1 1 ax + b
∫ x ( ax + b ) dx = − b ln x
1 1 a ax + b
∫ x 2 ( ax + b ) dx = − bx + b2 ln x

1  1 1 2 ax + b 
∫ x 2 ( ax + b )2 dx = − a  2 + 2 − 3 ln
 b ( a + xb ) ab x b x


 
Integrals involving ax2 + bx + c
1 1 x
∫ x 2 + a 2 dx = a arctg a
1 a−x
 2a ln a + x for x < a
1
∫ x2 − a 2 dx =  1 x − a
 ln for x > a
 2a x + a
www.mathportal.org

 2 2ax + b
 arctan for 4ac − b 2 > 0
2
 4ac − b 4ac − b 2

1  2 2ax + b − b 2 − 4 ac
∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx =  2 ln for 4ac − b 2 < 0
 b − 4ac 2 ax + b + b 2 − 4ac

− 2 for 4ac − b 2 = 0
 2ax + b

x 1 b dx
∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx = 2a ln ax ∫
2
+ bx + c − 2
2 a ax + bx + c
m 2 2an − bm 2ax + b
 ln ax + bx + c + arctan for 4ac − b 2 > 0
 2 a a 4ac − b 2
4ac − b 2

mx + n 
m 2an − bm 2ax + b
∫ ax 2 + bx + c dx =  2a ln ax + bx + c + a b2 − 4ac arctanh b2 − 4ac for 4ac − b < 0
2 2


m 2an − bm
 ln ax 2 + bx + c − for 4ac − b 2 = 0
 2a a ( 2 ax + b )

1 2ax + b ( 2 n − 3 ) 2a 1
∫ n
dx = n−1
+
2 ∫
( n − 1) ( 4ac − b ) ( ax 2 + bx + c )n−1
dx
( ax 2
+ bx + c ) ( n − 1) ( 4ac − b2 )( ax 2 + bx + c )
1 1 x2 b 1
∫x dx = ln 2 − ∫ 2 dx
( ax 2
+ bx + c ) 2c ax + bx + c 2c ax + bx + c

3. Integrals of Exponential Functions


ecx
∫ xe dx =
cx
( cx − 1)
c2
cx  x 2x 2 
2


2 cx
x e dx = e 
 c c 2 + c3 

 
1 n cx n n −1 cx
∫x x e − ∫ x e dx
n cx
e dx =
c c
i
ecx ∞ cx
( )
∫ x dx = ln x + ∑ i ⋅ i!
i =1

1 cx
∫e
cx
ln xdx = e ln x + Ei ( cx )
c
ecx
∫ e sin bxdx =
cx
( c sin bx − b cos bx )
c 2 + b2
ecx
∫ e cos bxdx =
cx
( c cos bx + b sin bx )
c 2 + b2
ecx sin n −1 x n ( n − 1)
∫ e sin xdx = ∫e sin n −2 dx
cx n cx
2 2
( c sin x − n cos bx ) + 2 2
c +n c +n
www.mathportal.org

4. Integrals of Logarithmic Functions


∫ ln cxdx = x ln cx − x
b
∫ ln(ax + b)dx = x ln(ax + b) − x + a ln(ax + b)
2 2
∫ ( ln x ) dx = x ( ln x ) − 2 x ln x + 2 x
n n n −1
∫ ( ln cx ) dx = x ( ln cx ) − n∫ ( ln cx ) dx
i
dx ( )
∞ ln x

∫ ln x = ln ln x + ln x + ∑
n =2 i ⋅ i !

dx x 1 dx
∫ ( ln x )n =−
( n − 1)( ln x ) n −1
+
n − 1 ∫ ( ln x )n −1
( for n ≠ 1)

 
m +1  ln x 1


m
x ln xdx = x − ( for m ≠ 1)
 m + 1 ( m + 1) 2 
 
n
n x m+1 ( ln x ) n n −1
∫ x ( ln x ) ∫
m
dx = − x m ( ln x ) dx ( for m ≠ 1)
m +1 m +1

( ln x )n ( ln x )n+1
∫ x
dx =
n +1
( for n ≠ 1)
2
ln x n ln x n ( )
∫ x dx = 2n ( for n ≠ 0 )
ln x ln x 1
∫ xm dx = − ( m − 1) xm−1 − ( m − 1)2 xm−1 ( for m ≠ 1)

( ln x )n ( ln x )n n ( ln x )n−1
∫ xm
dx = −
( m − 1) x m−1 m − 1 ∫ x m
+ dx ( for m ≠ 1)
dx
∫ x ln x = ln ln x
dx ∞
( n − 1)i ( ln x )i
∫ xn ln x = ln ln x + ∑
i
( −1)
i =1 i ⋅ i!
dx 1
∫ x ( ln x )n =−
( n − 1)( ln x )n−1
( for n ≠ 1)
x
∫ ln ( x ) ( )
+ a 2 dx = x ln x 2 + a 2 − 2 x + 2a tan −1
2
a
x
∫ sin ( ln x ) dx = 2 ( sin ( ln x ) − cos ( ln x ) )
x
∫ cos ( ln x ) dx = 2 ( sin ( ln x ) + cos ( ln x ) )
www.mathportal.org

5. Integrals of Trig. Functions


∫ sin xdx = − cos x cos x
∫ sin 2 x dx = − sin x
1

∫ cos xdx = − sin x cos 2 x x


x 1 ∫ sin x dx = ln tan 2 + cos x
∫ sin
2
xdx =
− sin 2 x
2 4
∫ cot
2
xdx = − cot x − x
x 1
∫ cos xdx = 2 + 4 sin 2 x
2
dx
∫ sin x cos x = ln tan x
1
∫ sin xdx = 3 cos x − cos x
3 3
dx 1 x π
1 3
∫ sin 2 x cos x = − sin x + ln tan  2 + 4 
∫ cos xdx = sin x − 3 sin x
3

dx 1 x
dx x ∫ sin x cos2 x = cos x + ln tan 2
∫ sin x xdx = ln tan 2 dx
dx x π ∫ sin 2 x cos2 x = tan x − cot x
∫ cos x xdx = ln tan  2 + 4  sin( m + n) x sin( m − n) x
dx
∫sin mxsin nxdx = − 2( m+ n) +
2( m − n)
m2 ≠ n2
∫ sin 2 x xdx = − cot x
cos ( m + n) x cos ( m − n) x
dx ∫sin mxcos nxdx = − 2( m + n) − m2 ≠ n2
∫ cos2 x xdx = tan x 2( m − n)
sin ( m + n) x sin ( m − n) x
dx cos x 1 x
∫ sin 3 x = − 2sin 2 x + 2 ln tan 2 ∫ cos mxcos nxdx = 2( m + n) +
2( m − n)
m2 ≠ n2

dx sin x 1 x π cos n +1 x
∫ cos3 x = 2 cos2 x + 2 ln tan  2 + 4  ∫ sin x cos xdx = −
n

n +1
1 sin n +1 x
∫ sin x cos xdx =
n
∫ sin x cos xdx = − 4 cos 2 x n +1
1 3
∫ sin x cos xdx = 3 sin x
2 ∫ arcsin xdx = x arcsin x + 1 − x2

1 ∫ arccos xdx = x arccos x − 1 − x2


∫ sin x cos xdx = − 3 cos x
2 3

1
∫ arctan xdx = x arctan x − 2 ln ( x )
2
+1
x 1
∫ sin x cos xdx = 8 − 32 sin 4 x
2 2

1
∫ arc cot xdx = x arc cot x + 2 ln ( x )
2
+1
∫ tan xdx = − ln cos x
sin x 1
∫ cos2
x
dx =
cos x
sin 2 x x π 
∫ cos x dx = ln tan  2 + 4  − sin x
∫ tan xdx = tan x − x
2

∫ cot xdx = ln sin x

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