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Instructions For Lab Manual of Class 9

The lab manual for class IX outlines ten experiments that students must perform, including measurements using Vernier callipers and screw gauges, calculating density and volume, and observing pendulum oscillations. Each experiment requires students to document the aim, theory, requirements, procedure, observations, calculations, and precautions. The submission deadline for the lab manual is June 18, 2024.

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20 views2 pages

Instructions For Lab Manual of Class 9

The lab manual for class IX outlines ten experiments that students must perform, including measurements using Vernier callipers and screw gauges, calculating density and volume, and observing pendulum oscillations. Each experiment requires students to document the aim, theory, requirements, procedure, observations, calculations, and precautions. The submission deadline for the lab manual is June 18, 2024.

Uploaded by

chatterjeesounak14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Instructions for lab manual of

class IX
Students to write the following experiments in the lab manual:

1)1. Determine the least count of the Vernier callipers and measure the length and diameter of a small
cylinder (average of three sets) - may be a metal rod of length 2 to 3 cm and diameter 1 to 2 cm.

2. Determine the pitch and least count of the given screw gauge and measure the mean radius of the
given wire, taking three sets of readings in perpendicular directions.

3. Measure the length, breadth and thickness of a glass block using a metre rule (each reading correct to
a mm), taking the mean of three readings in each case. Calculate the volume of the block in cm³ and m³.
Determine the mass (not weight) of the block using any convenient balance in g and kg. Calculate the
density of glass in cgs and SI units using mass and volume in the respective units. Obtain the relation
between the two density units.

4. Measure the volume of a metal bob (the one used in simple pendulum experiments) from the
readings of water level in a measuring cylinder using displacement method. Also calculate the same
volume from the radius measured using Vernier callipers. Comment on the accuracies.

5. Obtain five sets of readings of the time taken for 20 oscillations of a simple pendulum of lengths
about 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 cm; calculate the time periods (T) and their squares (T²) for each length
(l). Plot a graph of l vs. T². Draw the best - fit straight - line graph. Also, obtain its slope. Calculate the
value of g in the laboratory. It is 4π2 x slope.

6. Take a beaker of water. Place it on the wire gauze on a tripod stand. Suspend two thermometers -one
with Celsius and the other with Fahrenheit scale. Record the thermometer readings at 5 to 7 different
temperatures. You may start with icecold water, then allow it to warm up and then heat it slowly taking
temperature (at regular intervals) as high as possible. Plot a graph of Tf vs. Tc. Obtain the slope.
Compare with the theoretical value. Read the intercept on Tf axis for Tc = 0.

7. Using a plane mirror strip mounted vertically on a board, obtain the reflected rays for three rays
incident at different angles. Measure the angles of incidence and angles of reflection. See if these angles
are equal.
8. Place three object pins at different distances on a line perpendicular to a plane mirror fixed vertically
on a board. Obtain two reflected rays (for each pin) fixing two pins in line with the image. Obtain the
positions of the images in each case by extending backwards (using dashed lines), the lines representing
reflected rays. Measure the object distances and image distances in the three cases. Tabulate. Are they
equal? Generalize the result.

9. Obtain the focal length of a concave mirror (a) by distant object method, focusing its real image on a
screen or wall and (b) by one needle method removing parallax or focusing the image of the illuminated
wire gauze attached to a ray box. One could also improvise with a candle and a screen. Enter your
observations in numbered rows.

10. Connect a suitable dc source (two dry cells or an acid cell), a key and a bulb (may be a small one used
in torches) in series. Close the circuit by inserting the plug in the key. Observe the bulb as it lights up.
Now open the circuit, connect another identical bulb in between the first bulb and the cell so that the
two bulbs are in series. Close the key. Observe the lighted bulbs. How does the light from any one bulb
compare with that in the firstcase when you had only one bulb? Disconnect the second bulb. Reconnect
the circuit as in the first experiment. Now connect the second bulb across the first bulb. The two bulbs
are connected in parallel. Observe the brightness of any one bulb. Compare with previous results. Draw
your own conclusions regarding the current and resistance in the three cases.

The following should be written for each experiment:


1) Aim or name of the experiment.
2) Theory
3) Requirements
4) Procedure
5) observation (observation table to be drawn on the white page)
6) Calculation
7) Precautions.

Last date of submission: 18/06/2024

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