HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

SESSION: 2024-2025
CLASS: IX
SUBJECT: PHYSICS

Instructions:

1. Students have to write all the experiments in Physics Practical Work-Book.

2. Each experiment should start from a new page.
3. Well labelled diagrams to be drawn on the left page only.

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

AIM:- To determine the length of the given wooden block with the help of Vernier Calliper.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Vernier Calliper and wooden block.

PRINCIPLE:- n divisions of Vernier Calliper is equal to (n-1) divisions of Main Scale. The least
count of Vernier is equal to the difference between the values of one main scale division
and one vernier scale division. It is also called Vernier Constant.
(𝐧−𝟏) 𝐱
Least Count =(𝟏 − 𝐧 ) 𝐱 = 𝐧
where, x = the value of one small division of main scale
n = no. of divisions on vernier scale

OBSERVATION:-
Total number of divisions on vernier scale (n) =____
Value of one main scale division (x) =_____cm
1/10
 x
Least Count = n = ____cm
Zero error (with sign) = _____cm

S. No. Main Scale Reading Vernier Scale Reading Vernier Scale Reading Main Scale Reading +
(in cm) (in number) × least count (in cm) (Vernier Scale
Reading ×least count)
(in cm)
1.
2.
3.
4

Mean Reading=

Correct Reading = Mean Reading – Zero Error(with sign)

=____−____= ___cm

RESULT:- The length of the given wooden block is _____cm.

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 EXPERIMENT NO. 2

AIM:- To determine the diameter of the given common pin with the help of Screw Gauge.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:- Screw Gauge and common pin.

PRINCIPLE:- Screw Gauge works on a principle of screw and nut. On rotating the thimble the
screw moves forward through the nut such that “the linear motion is directly
proportional to the rotational motion”. On giving one complete rotation to the circular
scale the screw covers the distance between two successive threads on the screw. This
is known as the pitch of the screw gauge. The linear distance ,i.e., the pitch is read on
the main scale which is marked on the sleeve of screw gauge.
𝐏𝐢𝐭𝐜𝐡
Least Count =
𝐧𝐨.𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐢𝐫𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐞

OBSERVATION:-
Total number of divisions on Circular Scale (n) =____
Pitch (x) =_____cm
x
Least Count = n = ____cm
Zero error (with sign) = _____cm

S. No. Main Scale Reading Circular Scale Reading Circular Scale Reading Main Scale Reading +
(in cm) (in number) × least count (in cm) (Circular Scale
Reading ×least count)
(in cm)
1.
2.
3.
4

Mean Reading=

Correct Reading = Mean Reading – Zero Error(with sign)

=____−____= ___cm
RESULT:- The diameter of the given common pin is _____cm.
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 EXPERIMENT NO. 3

AIM:- To find the acceleration due to gravity with the help of a simple pendulum.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:- A bob, metallic stand with clamp, thread and stop clock.
THEORY:- The time taken by the pendulum to complete one oscillation is called time period.
Relation between the time period ( T ) and the effective length ( l ) of the pendulum
𝒍
T=2𝛑√𝒈 or

4𝜋2
g= 𝑙/𝑇 2

OBSERVATIONS:-
Least count of the stop clock = ___ sec
Diameter of the bob ( d ) = ___ cm
Radius of the bob ( r ) = ___ cm

S. Length of Effective length of Time taken for 20 Time period l/T2 (cm/sec2)
No. thread thread (L + r ) =l oscillations T = t/20 (sec)
L (in cm) ( in cm) t (in sec)
1.

2.
3.
4.
Mean Reading ( S )=

The acceleration due to gravity ( g ) =4𝜋 2 𝑆=____cm/sec2 =____m/sec2

RESULT :- The acceleration due to gravity = ____m/sec²

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 EXPERIMENT NO.4

AIM:- To verify the laws of reflection of light.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:- A drawing board, a plane mirror with a support, a white sheet of
paper, drawing pins, common pins, pencil and protractor.

LAWS OF REFLECTION:-
1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
2. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence, lie in the
same plane.

OBSERVATIONS:-

S.No. Angle of incidence X (degrees) Angle of reflection Y (degrees)

1.
4.
3.
4.

RESULT :-
1. The angle of incident is almost equal to the angle of reflection, hence the first law of
reflection of light is verified.
2. By inspection the incident ray, reflected ray and normal lie on the same plane at the
point of incidence which verifies the second law of reflection of light.

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 EXPERIMENT NO.5

AIM:- To verify that the image formed is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front of a
plane mirror.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:- A drawing board, a plane mirror with a support, a white sheet of
paper, drawing pins, common pins, pencil and ruler.

LAWS OF REFLECTION:-
1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
2. The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence, lie in the
same plane.

OBSERVATIONS:-

S. No. Distance of object from mirror X (in cm) Distance of image from mirror Y (in cm)

1.
2.
3.
4.

RESULT :- Since distances of the object and image from mirror in all the cases are equal; the
image formed is as far behind as the object is in front of the plane mirror.

END

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 EXPERIMENT NO. 6

AIM:- To determine the extension in the spring against load.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:- A spring with pan at its end, a half metre scale, a stand with clamp
and weight box.

THEORY:-If a spring is stretched, the restoring force ( F ) applied by the spring to oppose the
change in its length is directly proportional to the change in its length ( X ) i.e.
F α –X
F = -KX
mg = -KX
Thus, if a graph of m is plotted against X, it will be a straight line with slope S = K/g.

OBSERVATIONS:-
Least count of the metre scale =___ cm

S. No. Weight W in (gf) Extension x in (cm)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Graph of x against W is shown on attached graph sheet.

From the graph-
The value of X is ____ cm when W=50 gf.

RESULT :- The value of X from the graph =____ cm.

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 EXPERIMENT NO.7

AIM: - To determine the volume of a metallic bob.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: - A measuring cylinder, a metallic bob, a thin string and water.

THEORY: - When a bob is completely immersed in the liquid then it displaces liquid equal to its
own volume. Thus, increased volume of liquid gives the volume of the bob.

OBSERVATIONS:-

S.No. Initial reading of the water Reading of the water level in the Volume of the bob
level in the measuring cylinder measuring cylinder with bob immersed V=(V2-V1) cm3
V1 (in cm3) V2 (in cm3)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mean Reading=

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The diameter ‘d’ of the bob = ____cm
The radius ‘r’ of the bob = d/2 =____cm
The volume of the bob = 4/3πr3 = __________
= ______ cm3

RESULT :- The volume of the given bob is ____ cm3

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 EXPERIMENT NO.8

AIM: - To draw magnetic lines of force of a bar magnet pointing North Pole of a bar magnet
towards geographical South.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:- A drawing board, a bar magnet, a white sheet of paper, thumb pins, a
compass needle and pencil.

Theory: - A magnetic field line is a continuous and closed curve in the magnetic field such that
tangent at any point of it gives the direction of the magnetic field at that point. Outside
the magnet, it is directed from North Pole towards South Pole of the magnet.

RESULT: - The magnetic lines of force of the given bar magnet is shown on the white sheet of
paper.

END

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