STD IX PRACTICAL PROCEDURE

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS TO BE FOLLOWED

1) No scribbling in your journal
2) Write very neatly with no mistakes
3) No using whitener or sticking pasting in the journal
4) Write the dates in the index for your practical days Copy the index as it is
5) Copy exactly the same how it is written in the pdf
6) Use a black colour ball pen which should not smudge
7) Follow the left hand side and right hand side pattern as written in the pdf
8) If your writing exceeds on any of the pages right or left then continue from next page
following the same left and right hand side pattern.
9) If at all any queries then you may ask but please do not make mistakes
10) New experiment has to be written on a fresh page...just ensure that both LHS and
RHS pages are empty before starting your experiment.
11) Diagrams to be drawn with pencil only.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR PHYSICS JOURNAL

 LEFT HAND SIDE – Only diagram and Observation table
 RIGHT HAND SIDE – Aim , Apparatus , Procedure, Result.
 INDEX
NO EXPERIMENT PAGE. DATE OF DATE OF SIGNATURE
NO EXPERIMENT SUBMISSION
 EXPERIMENT 1
Aim : (i) To measure the length, breadth and thickness of a glass block using a
metre rule and to calculate its volume in cm3 and m3.
(ii) To find the length of the table using a metre rule and convert in to metre and
kilometer.
Apparatus : Metre rule , glass block.
Observation
(i)
Length of a glass block =
Breadth of a glass block =
Thickness of a glass block =
Volume of glass block = length x breadth x thickness
=
Volume of glass block = ________ cm3
1000000 cm³ = 1 m³
Volume of glass block = ________ m3
(ii)
Length of the table = __________ cm
100cm = 1m

Length of the table = __________ m

1000m = 1km

Length of the table = __________ km

Result :
 (i) Volume of the glass block = ______cm3
(ii) Volume of the glass block = ______ m3
(iii) Length of the table = ______m
(iv) Length of the table = ______km

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EXPERIMENT 2
VERNIER CALLIPERS
Aim : To determine the length of an object using Vernier caliper.
Apparatus : Vernier calliper, object, magnifying glass
DIAGRAM :

PROCEDURE :
 Find the least count and zero error of the Vernier caliper
 Place the given object (block) and tighten the vernier calliper.
 Hold the instrument exactly below your eyes to avoid parallax error, which
may result in false results.
 Now, note down the division of the main scale that coincides with the zero
of the vernier scale. If the zero does not coincide exactly, then take the
closest value to the left of the zero. That is the main scale reading.
 Then, note which vernier scale division coincides exactly with any main
scale division. That is the vernier scale coincidence.
 Find Vernier scale reading = Vernier scale coincidence x Least count.
  Add the Vernier scale reading with the main scale reading. This gives the
observed length.
 Find the true length of the object = Observed length – zero error( with sign)
 Repeat the experiment and record the observations.
OBSERVATION :

Least count = 0.01cm

Zero error :
S.No Main scale Vernier scale Vernier scale Observed length = True length = Observed
reading coincidence reading MSR + VSR length – zero error( with sign)
(MSR) (in cm) (VSC) (VSR = VSC X LC) (in cm) (in cm)
(in cm)
1

RESULT : The true length of the object is = _________ cm

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EXPERIMENT 3
SCREW GAUGE
Aim : To determine the diameter of an object using screw gauge.
Apparatus : Screw gauge, object, magnifying glass
DIAGRAM :
PROCEDURE :
 Find the least count and the zero error of the screw gauge
• Turn the ratchet anticlockwise so as to obtain a gap between the stud A
and the flat end B. Place the object in the gap between the stud A and
the flat end B. Then turn the ratchet clockwise so as to hold the given
object gently between the stud A and the flat end B of the screw.
• Make note of the main scale reading
• Make note of the circular scale coincidence with the base line of the
main scale.
• Find the Circular scale reading = Circular scale coincidence x Least count
• Add the circular scale reading to the main scale reading to obtain the
observed diameter of the wire
• Find the true diameter of the object = Observed diameter – zero error
(with sign)
• Repeat the experiment and record the observations.

• OBSERVATION :
Least count = 0.001cm
Zero error :

S.N Main scale Circular scale Circular scale Observed diameter True diameter= Observed
o reading coincidence reading = MSR + CSR diameter– zero error( with sign)
(MSR) (in cm) (CSC) (CSR = CSC X LC) (in cm) (in cm)
(in cm)
1
RESULT : The true diameter of the object is = _________ cm

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EXPERIMENT 4
SIMPLE PENDULUM
AIM : To determine the value of “g” (acceleration due to gravity) in the laboratory
using a simple pendulum.
APPARATUS : Simple pendulum , clamp stand , stop watch, meter scale, long
inextensible string.
DIAGRAM :

FORMULA :

T = 2π
√ l
g
2
4π l
g = T
2

PROCEDURE :
1. Fix the bob with string and clamp stand as shown in diagram
2. Measure the length of the pendulum.
3. Take the pendulum to one side and release it gently. Measure the time for
10 oscillations with effective length. Repeat the experiment for three more
 values of effective length. Each time find time for 10 oscillations with the
help of stop watch. Also calculate time T, ie, time for one oscillation.
4. Repeat the experiment and record the observations.
5. Find the average of T
6. Using the above formula find the value of “g”

OBSERVATION :
S.N Length (l ) Time for 10 oscillations t
T = 10 (sec)
o t (sec)
1
2

Average :
RESULT :
The value of acceleration due to gravity(g) is ________ ms-2

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EXPERIMENT 5
AIM : To determine the focal length of a concave mirror by using an illuminated
object (such as candle) and a screen.
Apparatus: An optical bench with three sliding stands or a metre rule and three
vertical stands on wooden blocks, a concave mirror, a candle and a ground glass
screen.
DIAGRAM :
 u

Theory: When the object is beyond the focus of a concave mirror, its real and
inverted image is formed which can be obtained on a screen. If u, v and f are
respectively the object distance, image distance and focal length of concave
mirror, then

1
f
= 1u + 1v
uv
f = u+v

OBSERVATION :

No Distance of Distance of
candle(object) screen (image) uv
from the mirror from the mirror f=
u (cm) v (cm) u+v
(cm)

RESULT :
The focal length of the given concave mirror = __________ cm

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