CHAPTER-1: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

:-RELATIONS

1. If R is a relation ‘is divisor of’ from the set A={1,2,3} to

B={4,10,15}, then write down the set of ordered pairs corresponding
to R.
2. Let R={(a,a 3 ¿:a is a prime number less than 5} be a relation. Find the
range of R.
3. State the reason for the relation R in the set {1,2,3} given by
R={(1,2),(2,1)} is not to be transitive.
4. Let A={0,1,2,3} and define a relation R on A as R={(0,0),(0,1),(0,3),
(1,0),(1,1),(2,2),(3,0),(3,3)}.Is R reflexive , symmetric and
transitive ?
5. For real numbers x and y, define xRy if and only if x-y+√ 2 is an
irrational number. Is R transitive? Explain your answer.
6. Let A={a,b,c} and the relation R be defined on A as R={(a,a),(b,c),
(a,b)}. Then, write minimum number of ordered pairs to be added in
R to make R reflexive and transitive.
7. Let A={1,2,3}. Then, show that the number of relations containing
(1,2) and (2,3) which are reflexive but not symmetric is three.
8. Show that the relation R in the set A of real numbers defined as
R={(a,b):a≤ b } is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
9. Show that the relation S in the set R of real numbers defined as
S={(a,b):a,b∈R and a≤ b3 } is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor
transitive.
10.Let a relation R on the set A of real numbers be defined as (a,b)
∈ R ⟹ 1+ab> 0 , ∀ a ,b ∈ A .Show that R is reflexive and symmetric but
not transitive.
11.Let N be the set of all natural numbers and let R be a relation in N ,
defined by R={(a,b):a is a multiple of b}. Show that R is reflexive
and transitive but not symmetric.
12.Let A be the set of all points in a plane and R be a relation on A
defined as R={(P,Q):distance between P and Q is less than 2 units}.
Show that R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
 13.Let R be relation defined on the set of natural numbers N as
R={(x,y):x∈ N , y ∈ N ∧2 x + y=24 }. Then, find the domain and range of
the relation R. Also, find whether R is an equivalence relation or not.
14.Let A={1,2,3}. Then, find the number of equivalence relations
containing (1,2).
15.Show that the relations on the set Z of integers given by R={(a,b): 2
divides (a-b)} is an equivalence relation.
16.Let R be a relation on the set A of ordered pairs of positive integers
defined by (x,y)R(u,v) if and only if xv=yu. Show that R is an
equivalence relation.
17.Show that the relation R defined by (a,b)R(c,d)⟹ a+ d=b+ con the set
N× N is an equivalence relation.
18.Show that the relation R in the set A={1,2,3,4,5} given by R ={(a,b):
|a−b| is even} is an equivalence relation. Also, show that all
elements of {1,3,5} are related to any element of {2,4}.
19.Show that the relation R in the set A of points in a plane given by
R={(P,Q):distance of the point P from the origin is same as the
distance of the point Q from the origin) is an equivalence relation.
Further, show that the set of all points related to a point P≠(0,0) is the
circle passing through P with origin as centre.
20.Show that the relation ‘is similar to’ on the set of all triangles in a
plane is an equivalence relation.
21.If R1∧R 2 are equivalence relation in a set A , then show that R1 ∩ R2
is also an equivalence relation. Also , give an example to show that the
union of two equivalence relations on a set A need not be an equivalence
relation on a set A.
22.Let X={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}. Let R1be a relation on X given by
R1= { ( x , y ) : x− y is divisble by 3 }and R2 be another relation on X given by R 2
={(x,y):{x,y}⊏ {1 , 4 ,7 }∨{ x , y } ⊏ { 2 ,5 , 8 }∨{ x , y } ⊏{3 , 6 , 9 }}. Show that R1=R2.
23.In the set of natural numbers N, define a relation R as follows
∀ n , m∈ N ,nRm ,if on divisionby 5 each of the integers n∧mleaves the
remainder less than 5,i.e. one of numbers 0,1,2,3 and 4. Show that R is an
equivalence relation. Also, obtain the pairwise disjoint subset determined
by R.
24.If N denotes the set of all natural numbers and R is the relation on N
×N defined by (a,b)R(c,d), if ad(b+c)=bc(a+d). Show that R is an
equivalence relation.
 25.Let R be the relation in the set N, given by R={(a,b): a=b-
2,b>6}.Check whether (6,8)∈ R .
26.If the relation R is defined on the set A={1,2,3,4,5} by R={(a,b):
|a2−b 2|< 8 }. Then , find the relation R .
27.If A={1,2,3,4}, define relations on A which have properties of being
(i) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric.
(ii) Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
28.Show that the relation R in the set of real numbers, defined as
R={(a,b):a≤ b2} is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
29.Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R in Z for all a,b
∈ Z . aRb ,iff a−b is divisible by n . Show that R is an equivalence relation.
30.Show that the relation R, defined in the set of A all triangles as R={(
T 1 , T 2 ¿ :T 1 i s similar ¿ T 2 }, is equivalence relation . Consider three ¿
Angle triangles T 1 with sides 3,4,5 ; T 2 with sides 5,12,13 and T 3 with
sides 6,8,10, which triangle among T 1 , T 2∧T 3 are related?
31.Show that the relation R in the set A={1,2,3,4,5} given by R={(a,b):
|a−b|is even }is an equivalence relation. Also , show that all elements of
{1,3,5} are related to each other and all the elements of {2,4} are related
to each other , but no element of {1,3,5} is related to any element of
{2,4}.
32.Determine whether the relation R defined on the set R of all real
numbers as R={(a,b):a,b
∈ R∧a−b+ √ 3 ∈ S where S is the set of all irrational numbers }, is reflexive ,
symmetric and transitive.
33.Let Q be the set of rational numbers and R be a relation on Q defined
by R={(x , y): x , y∈Q , x 2+ y 2=5 }.Check whether the relation R is
reflexive , symmetric and transitive.
34.Let R be the relation on Z defined by R={(a,b) : a,b∈ Z ,|a−b|≤5 }.
Check whether R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
35.Given a non empty set X, define the relation R in P(X) as follows:
For A,B
∈ P ( X ) , ( A , B ) ∈ Riff A ⊏ B . Prove that R is reflexive , transitive∧not symmetric .

:-FUNCTION

1. Let A={1,2,3} and B={2,4,6,8}.Consider the rule f:A⇀ B, defined as

f(x)=2x, ∀ x ∈ A .Find the domain, codomain and range of f.
2. Determine the function f:A→ B defined by f(x)=4x+7,x∈ A is one –
one.

{
1 ,if x >0
3. Show that the sigma function f:R → R , given by f(x)= 0 ,if x=0 is
−1 ,if x <0
many-one.
4. Check which of the following function is onto or into. (i) f:A→ B ,
given by f(x)=3x, where A={0,1,2} and B={0,3,6}. (ii) f:Z→ Z , given
by f(x)=3x+2, where Z= set of integers.
5. Let R be the set of all non-zero real numbers. Then, show that f:R→ R ,
1
given by f(x)= x is one-one and onto.
6. Show that the function f:R→ R defined as f(x)= x 3 is neither one-one
not onto.
7. Show that the function f:N→ N , given by f(x)=2x is one-one but not
onto.
8. Show that the function f:N→ N , given by f(1)=f(2) and f(x)=x-1 for
every x>2, is onto but not one-one.
9. If A={1,2,3} and f,g are relations corresponding to the students of A
× A indicated against them, which of f,g is a function ?Why?
10.If A={1,2,3}, B={4,5,6,7} and f={(1,3),(2,3),(3,2)}, g={(1,4),(2,5),
(3,6)} is a function from A to B. State whether f is one-one or not.
11.Find whether the function f:Z→ Z ,defined by f(x)=
2
x + 5 , ∀ x ∈ Z is one−one∨not .
12.State whether the function f:R→ R ,defined by f(x)=3-4x is onto or not.
13.Let f:R→ R , defined by f(x)= x 2+ 1.Then , find pre−images of 17∧−3.
14.Check the injectivity of the function f:R→ R given by f(x)= x 3 .
15.Is g={(1,1),(2,3),(3,5),(4,7)} is function? If g is described by g(x)=
αx+ β .Then, what value should be assigned to α ∧β ?
16.Show that the function f:R
→ R , given by f ( x ) =cosx ∀ x ∈ R is neither o ne−one nor onto .
17.Prove that the greatest integer function f:R→ R , given by f(x)=[ x ] is
neither one-one nor onto, where [ x ] denotes the greatest integer less
than or equal to x.
π
[ ]
18.Consider a function f: 0 , 2 → R, given by f(x)=sinx and g:

[ ]
0,
π
2
→ R , given by g ( x )=cos x . show that f ∧g are one−one , but f + g is not one−one .
 {
n+ 1
, if n is odd
2
19.Let f:N→ N be defined by f(n)= n . Show that f is many-
, if n is even
2
one and onto function.

{ x+1 , if xis odd

20.Show that f: N → N , givenby f ( x )= x−1 , if x is even is bijective.
21.Let A and B be sets. Show that f:
A × B → B × A , such that f ( a , b )= ( b , a ) isbijective function .
x
22.Show that the function f: R → R , defined by f ( x )= 2 , ∀ x ∈ R is neither
x +1
one-one nor onto.
23.Show that the function f:R
x
→ { x ∈ R :−1< x <1 } defined by f ( x ) = , x ∈ R is one−one∧onto function .
1+|x|
24.Given a function defined by f(x)=√ 4−x 2 ; 0≤ x ≤ 2 , 0 ≤ f (x )≤ 2. Show that f
is bijective function.

{−4 } 4x
25.Let f:R- 3 → Rbe a function defined as f(x)= 3 x + 4 . Show that f is a
one-one function. Also check f is an onto function.

{−4 } {4 } 4 x +3
26.Consider f:R- 3 → R− 3 given by f(x)= 3 x + 4 . Show that f is
bijective.
27.Let A={1,2,3} , B={4,5,6,7} and let f={(1,4),(2,5),(3,6)} be a function
from A to B. State whether f is one-one or not.
28.Show that the function f:R→ R , f ( x ) =x 4 ismany−one∧into .
29.If f:R→ R is the function , defined by f ( x )=4 x 3 +7 , then show that f is a bijection .

{2 }
30.Show that the function f in A=R− 3 , defined as f ( x )= 6 x−4 is one-one
4 x+3

and onto.
31.Let A=R−{3 } and B=R−{ 1 } .Consider, the function f:A→ B ,defined by
x−2
f(x)= x−3 . Show that f is one-one and onto.
32.Show that the function f:N→ N , given by f ( n )=n−(−1 )n , ∀ n ∈ N is a
bijection.
33.Let A=[-1,1], then discuss whether the following functions defined on
x
A are one-one and onto or bijective (i) f(x)= 2 (ii) g(x)=|x|
(iii) h(x)=x|x| (iv) k(x)= x 2.
34.Let R0 be the set of all non−zero real numbers , show that the function f : R0 → R 0
1
defined by f(x)= x is one-one onto. Is the result true , if the domain
R0 is replaced by N with codomain being same as R 0?
+¿¿
35.Show that the exponential function f: R → R 0 defined by f(x)=e x is
+¿ ¿
bijective , where R0 is the set of all positive real numbers.