Chapter 2 – Basics of AI

Chapter 2 – Basics of AI

I. Answer the following :

1. Why do we need AI?
To do things faster
To do things that require more power
To be more accurate
To overcome human inefficiency and to avoid the risks involved
To achieve consistency

2. List out any four existing applications of AI.

Gaming, Expert Systems, Chatbots, Vision Systems, Speech
Recognition like Siri, Alexa and Google Assistant, Handwriting
Recognition, Self Driving cars, Intelligent Robots

3. What are the various areas where AI (Artificial Intelligence) can be

used?
Artificial Intelligence can be used in many areas like Computing,
Speech recognition, Bio-informatics, Humanoid robot, Computer
software, Space and Aeronautics etc.

4. What are the domains of AI?

Data Science (Data or Big Data), Computer Vision (CV), and Natural
Language Processing (NLP) are the three domains of AI.

5. What is machine learning (ML)?

Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that
provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from
experience without being explicitly programmed. Machine
learning focuses on the development of computer programs that can
access data and use it learn for themselves.

6. What is Deep Learning (DL)?

Deep learning is the most advanced form of Artificial Intelligence. In
deep learning, the machine is trained with huge amounts of data which
helps it in training itself around the data. Such machines are intelligent
enough to develop algorithms for themselves..

7. What is Data Science? Give an example of it.

Data science is a domain of AI related to systems and processes, in
which the system collects numerous data, maintains data sets and
derives meaning/sense out of them. The information extracted through
data science can be used to make a decision about it.
For Example, A company that has peta bytes of data may use data
science to develop effective ways to store, manage and analyze the
data.

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8. What is Computer Vision? Give an example of it.

Computer Vision abbreviated as CV, is a domain of AI that depicts the
capability of a machine to get and analyse visual information and predict
some decisions about it. The entire process involves image acquiring,
screening, analysing, identifying and extracting information.
Example : Self Driving cars, Face Lock in Smart Phones

9. What is Natural Language Processing? Give an example for it.

Natural Language Processing (NLP), is a branch of artificial intelligence
that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using
the natural language that is spoken and written by people. Natural
language processing (NLP) attempts to extract information from the
spoken and written word using algorithms. Examples : Email filters,
Smart assistants

10. Name any two examples of Machine learning.

1) Virtual Personal Assistants 2) Recommendation systems like Netflix
3) Videos surveillance 4) Social media services 5) Email spam and
malware filtering 6) Face recognition apps 7) Product recommendations
8) Online fraud detection.

11. Name any two examples of Data Science

Price comparison websites, Recommendation website, Fraud and Risk
detection, Internet search, Personalised healthcare recommendations,
Optimizing traffic routes in real time, Image tagging

12. Name any two examples of Natural Language Processing.

Email filters, Smart assistants, Sentiment analysis, Automatic
summarization, Search results, Language translation, Digital phone
calls

13. Name any two examples of Computer Vision.

Self driving cars, Face lock in smart phones,, Medical imaging, Facial
recognition, security systems, Waste management, Satellite imaging.

14. Name any two examples of Deep learning.

Healthcare applications, Automatically adding Sounds to silent movies,
Automatic translation of text / image, Predicting earthquakes, Neural
Networks for brain cancer detection.

15. What are the sources of data? OR Where do we collect data

from?
Data can be collected from various sources like surveys, sensors,
observations, web scrapping, interviews, documents and records, oral
histories.

16. What is Data Mining? Explain with examples.

Data mining is the process of analyzing large data sets and extracting

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the useful information from it. Data mining is used by computers to

convert raw data into useful information.
Example : Price comparison websites collect data about a product from
different sites and then analyze trends out of it and gives out most
appropriate results.

17. What is AI Ethics?

AI Ethics is a system of moral principles and techniques intended to
inform the development and responsible use of artificial intelligence
technology. AI ethics refers to the basic principles of AI system design
that use the good code of conduct and produces the results.

18. List out the areas of concern to AI Ethics.

AI Bias, Data Privacy, AI Access, Moral Issues, AI for kids, Cause of
unemployment are the areas of concern to AI Ethics.

19. What is AI Bias?

AI bias is an anomaly in the output of machine learning algorithms.
These could be due to the prejudiced assumptions, personal
preferences or aversions made during the algorithm development
process or prejudices in the training data.

20. Give examples for AI Bias.

a) Majority of the virtual assistants have female voice
b) Amazon’s recruiting tool that contained biases against women
c) On Google search for Salons, majority of the list is of female salons

21. What do you understand by Data privacy?

Data Privacy is an area of data protection that concerns the proper
handling of sensitive data such as, personal data, other confidential
data, like financial data and intellectual property data, to meet regulatory
requirements as well as protecting the confidentiality and immutability of
the data. It focuses on how to collect, process, share, archive, and
delete the data in accordance with the law.

22. How AI Access has become a concern to AI Ethics?

Since Artificial Intelligence is still a budding technology, not everyone
has the opportunity to access it. The people who can afford AI enabled
devices make the most of it while others who cannot are left behind.
Because of this, a gap has emerged between these two classes of
people and it gets widened with the rapid advancement of technology.

23. How can AI for kids be a concern to AI Ethics?

Kids now-a-days are smart enough to understand technology from a
very early age. On one hand where kids know how to use technology
effectively, on the other hand they may use it to get assistance in
working out their homework or assignments without really learning

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anything. Since they are not applying their brain to solve the problems,
they may not be getting educated properly.

24. Is data which is collected by various applications ethical in

nature? Justify your answer.
Yes, most of the times, the data collected by various applications is
ethical in nature as the users agree to it by clicking on allow when the
application asks for various permissions. They ask for our data for
various facilities like - to show us personalized recommendations and
advertisements and to make their app more accurate and efficient.
OR
No, the data collected by various applications is not always ethical in
nature. Sometimes, we just share our data to non – trusted third party
applications without reading what happens to our data. This may lead to
unethical use of our data. If one does not want to share his/her data
with anyone, he/she can opt for alternative applications which are of
similar usage and keep the data private. For example, an alternative to
WhatsApp is the Telegram app which does not collect any data from us.

25. Give an example to AI Bias.

a) Majorly, all the virtual assistants have a female voice. It is only now
that some companies have understood this bias and have started giving
options for male voices but since the virtual assistants came into
practice, female voices are always preferred for them over any other
voice.
b) If you search on Google for salons, the first few searches are mostly
for female salons. This is based on the assumption that if a person is
searching for a salon, in all probability it would be a female. It is a
Negative bias.

26. Why is data privacy important?

Privacy of information is extremely important in this digital age where
everything is interconnected and can be accessed and used easily. The
possibilities of our private information being extremely vulnerable are
very real, which is why we require data privacy.

27. Why do apps collect data in our phone?

One of the major sources of data for many major companies is our
Smartphones. For the facilities that smartphones provide us, Apps need
a lot of data which is collected from the user like details about your face,
browsing history, or your geographic location, contact list etc. This data
is collected with user’s consent.
Permissions by themselves are harmless and even useful to provide
users a good mobile experience.
This data is collected to provide us with a lot of facilities and features
which have made our lives easier. Another reason to collect the data is
to provide us with customized recommendations and notifications

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according to our choices.

One more reason to collect the data is to make their app more accurate
and efficient.
28. Why do we need to collect data?
We need to collect data for various reasons in different fields, including
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Some of the reasons why we need to collect
data are,
1. To make informed decisions: Data provides us with the necessary
information to make informed decisions. In AI, data is used to train
machine learning algorithms that can make predictions and decisions
based on past data
2. To identify patterns and trends: Data helps us identify patterns and
trends that may not be visible otherwise. AI algorithms use data to
recognize patterns and make predictions
3. To improve products and services: By analyzing customer data,
businesses can identify customer needs and preferences, which can
help improve their products and services.
4. To monitor performance: Data is used to monitor the performance of
various systems, machines, and processes. In AI, data is used to
monitor the performance of machine learning models and algorithms
5. To identify problems and find solutions: By analyzing data, we can
identify problems and find solutions. In AI, data is used to identify
problems with machine learning models and algorithms, and to improve
their performance
In summary, data is an essential component of AI and other fields. It
provides us with the necessary information to make informed decisions,
identify patterns and trends, improve products and services, monitor
performance, and identify problems and find solutions
II. Multiple choice questions :
1. What is Artificial intelligence?
(a) Putting your intelligence into Computer
(b) Programming with your own intelligence
(c) Making a Machine intelligent
(d) Putting more memory into Computer
2. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) AI Systems involve software only
(b) AI Systems involve hardware only
(c) AI Systems involve software & hardware
(d) AI Systems involve neither software nor hardware
3. With the help of ____ computers understand the common language
used by human beings.
(a) Natural language processing
(b) Common language processing
(c) Neural language processing
(d) Human language processing

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4. Which of the following types of data can be used by artificial intelligent

systems?
(a) sound (b) text (c) image (d) all of these
5. Which of the following technology is used by games like Emoji
Scavenger Hunt?
(a) Natural Language Processing (b) Data Science
(c) Computer Vision (d) Neural Networks
6. What was the name of the computer that defeated World Chess
champion Gary Kasperov in 1997?
(a) Deep Sea (b) Ocean Blue (c) Old Sea (d) Deep Blue
7. Which of the following is not one of the three domains of AI?
(a) Data Science (b) Neural Networks
(c) Natural Language Processing (d) Computer Vision
8. The Rock, Scissor and Paper game is based on which of the following
components of AI?
(a) Weak AI (b) Machine Learning
(c) Deep Learning (d) Neural Networks
9. Which one of the following is an application of AI?
(a) Remote controlled Drone (b) Self-Driving Car
(c) Self-Service Kiosk (d) Self-Watering Plant System
10. This field is enabling computers to identify and process images
like humans do:
(a) Face Recognition (b) Model-view-controller
(c) Computer Vision (d) Eye-in-Hand System
11. What does NLP stand for in AI?
(a) Neutral Learning Projection (b) Neuro-Linguistic Programming
(c) Natural Language Processing (d) Neural Logic Presentation
12. This is a system of Programs and Data-Structures that mimics the
operation of the human brain:
(a) Intelligent Network (b) Decision Support System
(c) Neural Network (d) Genetic Programming
13. .......... help us to make our work easier and comfortable.
(Ans. Machines)
14. .......... means man-made, which does not occur naturally.
(Ans. Artificial)
15. The ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as
knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviours within an
environment or context is known as ........... (Ans. Intelligence)
16. The ability to regulate, measure, and understand numerical
symbols, abstraction and logic is known as ..........
(a) Linguistic Intelligence c) Spatial Visual Intelligence
(b) Kinaesthetic Intelligence d) Mathematical Logical Reasoning
17. .......... refers to language processing skills both in terms of
understanding or implementation in writing or verbally. (Ans. Linguistic
Intelligence)

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18. Which of the following can be defined as the ability to perceive

the visual world and the relationship of one object to another?
(a) Linguistic Intelligence
(b) Spatial Visual Intelligence
(c) Kinaesthetic Intelligence
(d) Mathematical Logical Reasoning
19. The ability that is related to how a person uses his limbs in skilled
manner is known as naturalist intelligence. (True/False)
20. A person’s ability to recognize and create sounds, rhythms, and
sound patterns is known as Musical Intelligence. (True/False)
21. If a person is well aware of self weakness and strengths or own
feeling is known as ..........__ intelligence. (Ans. Intrapersonal)
22. An additional category of intelligence relating to religious and
spiritual awareness is known as Existential Intelligence. (True/False)
23. The ability to communicate with others by understanding other
people’s feelings influence of the person is known as ..........
intelligence.
(a) Naturalist Intelligence
(b) Interpersonal intelligence
(c) Intrapersonal Intelligence
(d) Musical Intelligence
24. The basis of decision making depends upon
(a) The information and experience
(b) Prejudices and Suggestions
(c) Own beliefs and Knowledge
(d) Internet facts
25. The machine’s ability to mimic human traits such as making
decisions, predict the future, learn and improve is known as
.....................
(a) Machine Intelligence
(b) Artificial Intelligence
(c) Machine Learning
(d) Machine Automation
26. Which of the following is not a virtual assistant?
(a) Alexa (b) Cortana (c) Siri (d) Chatbot
27. AI can be used in games to the encouragement of gamers.
(True/False)
28. You are getting Amazon, Netflix, Spotify, youtube
recommendations are based on which of the following?
(a) Company Rules
(b) Government Policy
(c) User behaviour
(d) None of these
29. Which of the following is the very first humanoid robot?
(a) Sophia (b) ASIMO (c) Pepper (d) Romeo

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30. All smart devices are considered as AI-enabled devices.

(True/False)
31. Which of the following is not AI?
(a) Humanoid robots
(b) Self Driving Cars
(c) An automated Air Conditioner
(d) All of these
32. .......... is a subset of Artificial Intelligence which enables
machines to improve at tasks with experience (data). (Ans. Machine
Learning)

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