Chapter 06.Compressed
Chapter 06.Compressed
Assignment 6.1
²² Observe the school garden and identify 10 different animals and
name them.
²² Group them based on different features you observed in them.
²² Compare the way you grouped with the way your friends in the
class did.
You and your friends may have grouped animals based on different
criteria. Mode of locomotion, body shape, body colour, size of the body
and mode of nutrition are some of the criteria you can use to group
animals. Therefore you will learn that there is a vast diversification in
animals. Human also is one member of this diversified animal world.
Backbone
Skeleton of Crocodile
Skeleton of an elephant
Figure 6.3 Skeletons of vertebrates
Some animals do not have a backbone. The Figure 6.4 shows several
species of animals, without a backbone.
Assignment 6.2
The picture given below shows you some species of organisms living
in sea shore. Group them into vertebrates and invertebrates.
1
2 4
3 8
5 9
6
7 10
Figure 6.5 Organisms observed in the sea shore
1. Sea gull 6. Bivalve
2. Turtle 7. Star fish
3. A species of fish 8. Sea anemone
4. Prawn 9. Snail
5. Hermit crab 10. Worm
Compare the way you grouped them with the table given below.
78 Science | Animal Diversification
Table 6.1
Vertebrates Invertebrates
Sea gull Hermit crab
Fish species Star fish
Turtle Bivalves
Snail
Prawn
Worm
Sea anemone
E- Mammals
Activity 6.1
The diagram given below shows the picture of a forest. Identify
organisms in the picture.
Activity 6.2
You will need :- 100 small pieces of ekles/tooth picks, colours (red,
green, white, brown)
Method :-
²² Colour the pieces of ekle/tooth picks (25 in one colour)
²² Spread the wrapped pieces of ekle in a lawn randomly.
²² Appoint 4 students to pick up the pieces of ekle.
It is obvious that you might have collected the green colour ekle sticks
last. Due to the similar colour of the grass and the green colour wrapped
eakle sticks make difficult to separate them when picking.
Then, disperse all these eakle sticks on a gravel floor. When you make
the students to pick them once again which colour of ekle sticks would
be picked by them last.
Some of the animals who show camouflage are shown in the Figure 6.7.
The colour of these animals are properly blended with their environment.
Therefore, the predators cannot identify them at once.
Presence of the same colour in the environment and the body of many
animals will help them to protect themselves from the predators.
The difficulty to identify animals separately from their surroundings
due to blending of body colour to particular environments is called
camouflage.
Assignment 6.4
Find the animals who show camouflage. Prepare an album with a
collection of photographs of them.
How shape helps the existence of animals
It is important to change the body colour of animals for their own
protection. Similarly, the body shape of them is also very important for
locomotion. Let us engage in Activity 6.3 to examine that.
Activity 6.3
Showing how the body shape helps locomotion
You will need :- Some pods of ladies fingers, two pieces of thread
about 50 cm, two small lumps of clay pins
Pin
A A
Make the two forms of prepared ladies fingers to float on a tray filled
with water.
pieces of
ladies fingers
When the two lumps of clay lower down two forms of ladies fingers
float along the tray.
You will be able to see that streamlined shaped (B-C) form reaches the
end of the tray faster than the other form (A-A) of ladies fingers.
The body shape of birds and aquatic animals helps to overcome the
difficulties they have in their environment.
The body shape of birds and fish is mainly of streamlined shape because
they need to have efficiency in their locomotion.
Presence of Absence of
Presence of 4 legs Absence of 4 legs fins fins
Frog, Lizard Cock Fish Cock, Cobra
Plants
Mango, Cycas, Guava, Coconut, Mimosa
You might have realized that plants and animals can be identified
separately by classifying them with the use of a dichotomous key.
Summary
²² Animals can be grouped into two as animals with a backbone and
animals without a backbone.
²² Animals with a backbone are named as vertebrates and animals
without a backbone are named as invertebrates.
²² Similarities and differences can be seen among vertebrates.
²² Various changes occur in organisms to suit and survive in their
habitat is called adaptation.
²² Organisms are well-adapted to live in their environment with body
colour and shape.
²² Dichotomous keys are used to classify organisms mainly based on
their external features.
Exercise
1. Choose the correct answer.
i). Select the group of animals consists of only vertebrates.
a. Bull, Snail, Crow
b. Butterfly, Sparrow, Bat
c. Gecko, Iguana, Crocodile
d. Crab, Prawn, Shark
ii). Select the invertebrate;
a. Toad b. Sea horse c. Prawn d. Rat snake
Technical Terms
Vertebrates - mDIaGjxYSka - •ÒÍ¢uskÎPÒ
Invertebrates - wmDIaGjxYSka - •ÒÍ¢usi¼PÒ
Adaptation - wkqj¾;k - Cø\ÁõUP®
Camouflage - fõYdka;rh - ö£õ´U÷Põ»®
Streamlined - wkdl+, - A¸ÂU÷Põmk
shape yevh ÁiÁ®
Dichotomous - fofnÿï - C¸ QøÍa \õÂ
key iqÑh