f(x) = +k 2 f(x) = a(x-h)

2 ax

Let us review on the characteristic of the graph of f(x) = ax2 as a changes.

1. as the value of a increases the graph becomes narrower 2. as the value of a decreases the graph becomes wider 3. if the values of a are additive inverse of each other, then the graph is inverted.

1. as the value of a increases the graph becomes narrower

value of a

f(x) = x2 f(x) = 2x2

1 2

f(x) = 3x2

Graph

2. as the value of a decreases the graph becomes wider

value of a

f(x) = x2

f(x) = x2
f(x) = x2

Graph

3. if the values of a are additive inverse of each other, then they will have inverted graphs.

value of a

f(x) = x2 f(x) = - x2

Graph

Now we will study the graph of the function defined by

f(x) =

2 ax

+k

What will happen to the graph as the value of k changes.

Draw the graph defined by the function f(x) = x2

Steps: 1. Write into vertex form f(x) = (x 0)2 + 0 2. Identify the vertex and the axis of symmetry vertex: (0, 0) axis of symmetry: x = 0 3. Find some points x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 f(x) = x2 (-3)2 (-2)2 (-1)2 (0)2 (1)2 (2)2 (3)2 f(x) 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 4. Sketch the graph as a smooth curve

Draw the graph defined by the function f(x) = x2 + 3

Steps: 1. Write into vertex form f(x) = (x 0)2 + 3 2. Identify the vertex and the axis of symmetry vertex: (0, 3) axis of symmetry: x = 0 3. Find some points x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 f(x) = x2+ 3 (-3)2 + 3 (-2)2 + 3 (-1)2 + 3 (0)2 + 3 (1)2 + 3 (2)2 + 3 (3)2 + 3 f(x) 12 7 4 3 4 7 12 4. Sketch the graph as a smooth curve

Draw the graph defined by the function f(x) = x2 4

Steps: 1. Write into vertex form f(x) = (x 0)2 4 2. Identify the vertex and the axis of symmetry vertex: (0, -4) axis of symmetry: x = 0 3. Find some points x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 f(x) = x2 4 (-3)2 4 (-2)2 4 (-1)2 4 (0)2 4 (1)2 4 (2)2 4 (3)2 4 f(x) 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5 4. Sketch the graph as a smooth curve

Observe the graph of the functions

value of k Graph

f(x) = x2 f(x) = x2+ 3 f(x) = x2 4

0 3 -4

Questions: 1. What happened to the graph as the value of k changes from 0 to 3? -the graph moved 3 units upward. 2. What happened to the graph as the the value of k changes from 0 to -4? -the graph moved 4 units downward.

The graph of the function f(x) = ax2 + k is the same as the graph of f(x) = ax2 except that its vertex is k units above the origin (if k is positive) and k units below the origin (if k is negative)

Exercises:
Tell the movement of the graph f(x) = ax2 so that it will coincide with the graph of each of the following functions:

1. f(x) = x2+ 2
Ans: k=2 2 units above

Exercises:
Tell the movement of the graph f(x) = x2 so that it will coincide with the graph of each of the following functions:

2. f(x) = x2 5
Ans: k = -5 5 units below

Exercises:
Tell the movement of the graph f(x) = x2 so that it will coincide with the graph of each of the following functions:

3. f(x) = x2 4
Ans: k = -4 4 units below

Exercises:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

4.
Ans: 1 unit above k=1

f(x) = x2 + 1

Exercises:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

5.
Ans: 7 units below k = -7

f(x) = x2 7

Exercises:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

6.
Ans: 5 units above k=5

f(x) = x2 + 5

Remember: From the graph of f(x) = ax2 shifts/translates k units above the origin (if k is positive) and k units below the origin (if k is negative) in order to coincide with the graph of f(x) = ax2 + k

Now we will study the graph of the function defined by

f(x) =

2 a(x-h)

What will happen to the graph as the value of h changes.

Draw the graph defined by the function f(x) = x2

Steps: 1. Write into vertex form f(x) = (x 0)2 + 0 2. Identify the vertex and the axis of symmetry vertex: (0, 0) axis of symmetry: x = 0 3. Find some points x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 f(x) = x2 (-3)2 (-2)2 (-1)2 (0)2 (1)2 (2)2 (3)2 f(x) 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 4. Sketch the graph as a smooth curve

Draw the graph defined by the function f(x) = (x 3)2

Steps: 1. Write into vertex form f(x) = (x 3)2 + 0 2. Identify the vertex and the axis of symmetry vertex: (3, 0) axis of symmetry: x = 3 3. Find some points x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 f(x) = (x 3)2 (0 3)2 (1 3)2 (2 3)2 (3 3)2 (4 3)2 (5 3)2 (6 3)2 f(x) 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 4. Sketch the graph as a smooth curve

Draw the graph defined by the function f(x) = (x + 5)2

Steps: 1. Write into vertex form f(x) = (x + 5)2 + 0 2. Identify the vertex and the axis of symmetry vertex: (-5, 0) axis of symmetry: x = -5 3. Find some points x -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 f(x) = (x + 5)2 (-8 + 5)2 (-7 + 5)2 (-6 + 5)2 (-5 + 5)2 (-4 + 5)2 (-3 + 5)2 (-2 + 5)2 f(x) 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 4. Sketch the graph as a smooth curve

Observe the graph of the functions

value of h Graph

f(x) = x2

f(x) = (x 3)2 3 f(x) = (x+5)2

-5

Questions: 1. What happened to the graph as the value of h changes from 0 to 3? -the graph moved 3 units going to the right. 2. What happened to the graph as the the value of k changes from 0 to -5? -the graph moved 5 units going to the left.

The graph of the function f(x) = a(x h)2 is the same as the graph of f(x) = ax2 except that its vertex is h units going to the right of the origin (if h is positive) and h units going to the left of the origin (if h is negative)

Exercises:
Tell the movement of the graph f(x) = x2 so that it will coincide with the graph of each of the following functions:

1. f(x) = (x 4)2
Ans: h=4 4 units to the right

Exercises:
Tell the movement of the graph f(x) = x2 so that it will coincide with the graph of each of the following functions:

2. f(x) = (x + 2)2
Ans: h = -2 4 units to the left

Exercises:
Tell the movement of the graph f(x) = x2 so that it will coincide with the graph of each of the following functions:

3. f(x) = (x 7)2
Ans: h=7 7 units to the right

Exercises:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

4.
Ans: 1 unit to the right h=1

f(x) = (x 1)2

Exercises:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

5.
Ans: 6 unit to the left h = -6

f(x) = (x + 6)2

Exercises:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

6.
Ans: 2 units to the left h = -2

f(x) = (x + 2)2

Remember: The graph of f(x) = ax2 will moved h units going to the right (if h is positive) and h units going to the left (if h is negative) in order to coincide with the graph of f(x) = a(x h)2

Summary:
2 h) 2. 1. In In the function f(x) == a(x the right the function f(x) ax +2 k ,,the thegraph graphshifts shiftsh k units going aboveto the origin (if(if h is positive) and h shifts units going to the left (if h is negative). k is positive) and k units below the origin( if k is negative).

In the function f(x) = ax2 + k , the 2 In the function f(x) = a(x h) , the graph graph shifts k units above the origin shifts h units going to the right is positive) shifts units (if h(if is k positive) and hand units goingk to the left below the origin( if k is negative). (if h is negative).

Summary:
1. In the function f(x) = ax2 + k , the graph shifts k units above the origin (if k is positive) and shifts k units below the origin( if k is negative).
2. In the function f(x) = a(x h)2 , the graph shifts h units going to the right (if h is positive) and h units going to the left (if h is negative).

Evaluation:
Determine the movement of the graph f(x) = x2 so that it will coincide with the graph of each of the following functions: 1. f(x) = x2 - 9 2. f(x) = x2+ 11 3. f(x) = x2 - 6 4. f(x) = (x 12)2 5. f(x) = (x + 8)2 6. f(x) = (x+ 4)2

Evaluation:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

7.

Evaluation:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

8.

Evaluation:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

9.

Evaluation:
Based on the movement of the graph of f(x) = x2 determine the following functions:

10.

Assignment:

Textbook Page 65: Test Yourself No. 16 20 Page 67: Test Yourself No. 11 15