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Jordanian - German Winter Academy

This document provides an overview of two-phase flow applications and modeling techniques. It discusses how two-phase flow occurs commonly in industrial processes and involves a mixture of gas and liquid. The flow can take different patterns depending on variables like phase properties and pipe geometry. Several modeling approaches have been proposed but little research has been done on two-phase flow contraction. The present study aims to expand knowledge on contraction coefficient and pressure drop in branched pipe flows through computational modeling and experimental investigation. The overall goal is to develop a reliable model to predict mass flow rates and pressure drops at pipe branch points.

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55 views46 pages

Jordanian - German Winter Academy

This document provides an overview of two-phase flow applications and modeling techniques. It discusses how two-phase flow occurs commonly in industrial processes and involves a mixture of gas and liquid. The flow can take different patterns depending on variables like phase properties and pipe geometry. Several modeling approaches have been proposed but little research has been done on two-phase flow contraction. The present study aims to expand knowledge on contraction coefficient and pressure drop in branched pipe flows through computational modeling and experimental investigation. The overall goal is to develop a reliable model to predict mass flow rates and pressure drops at pipe branch points.

Uploaded by

dr_m_azhar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 46

JORDANIAN - GERMAN

WINTER ACADEMY
2006

Typical Study Of Two-phase
Flow Industrial
Applications
Pressure Drop and Flow
Regimes.
Dr. . Al-Shanna!
"ng. #h. Al-$udah

Basic Definition of Two-Phase Flow

A phase is simply one of the state of matter


and can be either a gas , a liquid or a solid.

ultiphase flow is a simultaneous flow of se!eral


phases . Two-phase flow is the simplest case of
multiphase flow .

"as-liquid mi#tures are referred to as two-phase


two-component flow where as liquid -!apor
mi#ture referred to as two-phase single-
component mi#ture.

common e#amples of two-phase flows, some


such as rain, clouds , smo$e ,fog ,snow ,dust
storms are occur in nature . %thers such as
boiling water, coo$ing are frequent occurrences
and se!eral e!ery day processes in!ol!e a
sequence of different two-phase flow
configuration or flow patterns .

Two-phase flow in!ol!ing a mi#ture of gas or


!apor and liquid is !ery common in !arious
industrial and scientific applications, and there
ha!e been many e#perimental and theoretical
studies

Two-phase Flow Applications

The practical importance in many common


engineering and industrial applications are:

&team generators and condensers, steam


turbines ' Power Plants (.

)efrigeration .

*oal fired furnaces .

Fluidi+ed bed reactors .

,iquid sprays .

&eparation of contaminants from a carrier fluid


Free surface flows, where sharp interfaces e#ist .

pumping of slurries .

pumping of flashing liquids .

raining bed driers .

oil industry two phase flow occurs in pipelines


carrying oil and natural gas.

energy con!ersion .

paper manufacturing .

food manufacturing .

medical applications .

-The laws go!erning two phase flow are


identical to those for single phase flow.
-owe!er, the equations are more comple#
and.or more numerous than those of single
phase flow.

The description of the two-phase flow is
complicated due to the existence of
interface between the phases depending
on a large number of variables such as :

quality '#(.

phase physical properties .

flow patterns .

pipe geometry .

orientation of flow .

A general classifications di!ide two-phase flow into
four groups depending on the mi#tures of phases in
the flow. The four groups are the flow of gas-
liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid and immiscible liquid-
liquid mi#tures. The last case is technically not a
two-phase mi#ture, it is rather a single phase two-
component flow, but for all practical purposes it
can be considered as a two-phase mi#ture.

Two-Phase Flow )egimes
The description of two-phase flow in tubes is
complicated by the e#istence of an interface
between the two-phases. For gas /liquid two-
phase flow the interface e#ists in a wide !ariety of
forms, depending on the flow rates and physical
properties of the phases, and also on the
geometry and orientation of the tube.
The different interfacial structures are called
flow patterns or flow regimes.

There are !arious flow patterns common in two-
phase flow system, each ha!ing different
characteristics and associated pressure drops. A
number of different methods ha!e been proposed
for the recognition of flow patterns, ranging from
!isual obser!ation to characteristic fluctuation in
hold up.

Flow )egimes 0n -ori+ontal Flow
1. Bubble flow .
2. Plug flow .
3. &tratified flow 'layered, separated( .
4. 5a!y flow 'ripple flow, cresting( .
6. &lug flow .
7. &emi-annular flow .
8. Annular flow 'ringed( .
9. &pray flow 'mist, froth, dispersed( .


:ertical flow )egimes
1. Annular flow.
2. Bubble flow.
3. &lug flow.
4. *hurn flow.
6. )ipple Flow.
7. ist Flow .

Slug Bubble Separate A!!ular

Two Phase Flow )egimes apping
apping of flow patterns that occur in pipe flow
has always been a popular means of describing the
beha!iors of flow at different conditions. The
superficial !elocity of the gas and liquid are usually
put on the two different a#es, and supply an
efficient method of comparing and contrasting the
effects of different flow conditions.


D"#per#e Bubble
Ma!$a!" et al Map%&'() (

Analysis of two-phase flows
*+, + ,e a!al-.e t,+-p$a#e /l+,#0
T$e 1a"! a!al-#"# te2$!"3ue# "4"e "!t+ t$e
/+ll+,"!g 2ateg+r"e#5
A-S"1ple C+rrelat"+!#

ba#e +! e6per"1e!t 5

+/te! 3u+te "! "1e!#"+!le## /+r15

1a- +r 1a- !+t $a4e #2"e!t"/"27p$-#"2al ba#"#5

+/te! re#tr"2te "! area +/ appl"2at"+! 5



B-&imple Analytical odels .
Due t+ t$e large !u1ber +/ appl"2at"+!# ,$ere
1ult"p$a#e /l+, +22ur#8 "t "# "1p+rta!t t+ $a4e
a22urate 1+el#5
1--omogeneous model 5
Su"table a4erage pr+pert"e# are eter1"!e a! t$e
1"6ture "# treate a# a #"!gle /lu" "! t$e

ta9e a4erage +/ pr+pert"e# /+r b+t$ p$a#e# 5

u#e8 e5g58 /+r #u#pe!#"+!8 /+a18 1"#t8 "#per#e


bubble5

!+ eta"l +/ t$e /l+, 2+!#"ere 5



/r"2t 1+1
2
#tat" t+tal
P P P P + +
#"! *
2
#tat"
g P
H


G L H
+ : & %
( )

,
_

L
G
L
G
x
x
u
u

&
&
&

dz
m d
dz
dP
H total
mom
5
5
: 7 %

,
_

tp
total
p
d
m L f
P

"
2
5
2
/r"2t
2

2; 5 0
2
Re
0(' 5 0

p
f

L G p
x x : & %
2
+
p
total
i m
2
5

Re


2-&eparated flow model 5

a##u1e p$a#e# /l+, #"e b- #"e 5

u#e #eparate e3uat"+!# /+r ea2$ p$a#e 5

2+!#"er "!tera2t"+! bet,ee! t$e p$a#e# 5


3-Drift flu# model .

focuses on relati!e motion between phases .


*-0ntegral Analysis .

a##u1e 4el+2"t-8 te1perature +r 2+!2e!trat"+! pr+/"le

/"t t+ b+u!ar- 2+!"t"+!# a! appl- "!tegrate /lu"


1e2$a!"2al e3uat"+!#

/r"2t 1+1
2
#tat" t+tal
P P P P + +
#"! *
2
#tat"
g P
H

( ) ( )

'

1
]
1

1
]
1


in
G L
out
G L
total
x x x x
m P

2
2
2
2 2
5
1+1t
: & %
&
: & %
&
[ ]
&
5
; 5 0
2
5
2; 5 0
: % : & % &< 5 & &
:: & % &2 5 0 & %

1
1
1
1
]
1

,
_


+ +
L
G L
L G G
m
g x x x
x
x


D-Differential Analysis.

use of time-a!eraged equations of motion .


;-<ni!ersal Phenomena .

certain phenomena apply regardless of the


regime, e.g. wa!e theory

T*E N=MERICA> MODE>S

T$e !u1er"2al #"1ulat"+! +/ "!u#tr"al /l+,# "# a!


"!2rea#"!gl- "1p+rta!t 1ea!# t+ #+l4e a large 4ar"et-
+/ /lu" /l+, pr+ble1# #u2$ a# "!ter!al /l+,#8 e6ter!al
aer+-!a1"2#8 #pra- 2++l"!g8 /"l1 2+at"!g8
e!4"r+!1e!tal a! b"+l+g"2al /l+,#8 a! p+,er
ge!erat"+!5 Se4eral ge!eral-purp+#e 2+e# a! a large
!u1ber +/ #pe2"/"2 ?@I 2+e# are !+, a4a"lable5

I! 2+!tra#t t+ t$e #ta!ar +!e-"1e!#"+!al


lu1pe para1eter #"1ulat"+! a! 1+el"!g +/
t,+-p$a#e /l+,#8 t$e 1+re ge!eral 1et$+# +/
2+1putat"+!al /lu" -!a1"2# %CAD: are ba#e +!
t$e 2+!#er4at"+! e3uat"+!# +/ 1a##8 1+1e!tu1
a! e!erg- "! t$e t$ree #pat"al "1e!#"+!# +/ a
/l+, /"el5 CAD-1et$+# are !+, e#tabl"#$e a#
e!g"!eer"!g t++l# /+r rea2t+r #a/et- a!al-#"#5

A+ur ba#"2 appr+a2$e# 2a! be appl"e "! t$e CAD


1+ell"!g +/ 1ult"p$a#e /l+,#5 T$e#e areB t$e
porous medium, t$e ,agrangian8 t$e ;ulerian
and the interface models.

ultiphase models in F,<;=T

D"#2rete C$a#e M+el %DCM:5

M"6ture M+el 5

?+lu1e +/ Alu" M+el %?OA: 5

Euler"a! Mult"p$a#e Al+, M+el 5



Ca#e Stu-
Modeling and Experimental investigation of
Two-phase flow contraction coefficient and
pressure drop at the branching pipes .
PhD Proposal

Supervised By:
r . ! . Salaymeh.
r . B. Shanna" .


D 1
3
2
D Ac-12
D Ac-13
&tream ,ines




Cr+ble1
W$e! t$e /ull- e4el+pe8 t,+-p$a#e /l+, pa##e#
t$r+ug$ a! "!let +/ t$e bra!2$"!g Eu!2t"+!8 t$e /l+,
#eparate# /r+1 t$e ,all at t$e e/le2t"!g leg#
%bra!2$e#: a! rea2$e# !arr+,e#t 2r+## #e2t"+! t$at
2alle 2+!tra2t"+! reg"+!5 T$e#e #eparat"+!# a!
2+!tra2t"+! reg"+!# 2au#e $"g$ pre##ure l+##e# a!
t$ere/+re a $"g$-e!erg- "##"pat"+!5 T$e re#"#ta!2e t+
/l+, +//ere b- T-Eu!2t"+! "# larger t$a! t$at "1pl"e
b- t$e e3uat"+!# /+r t$e #"!gle p$a#e /l+,5
C+!#e3ue!tl-8 t$e la,# +/ /r"2t"+! "! T-Eu!2t"+! are +/
great pra2t"2al "1p+rta!2e8 a! e6per"1e!tal ,+r9 +!
t$e1 "# 4er- !e2e##ar-5

-Due to the lac$ of readily a!ailable standard
design methods to calculate pressure drop and
mass flow rate in two-phase flow applications,
design methodologies ha!e been routinely based on
pre!ious e#periences. Depending on the strength of
the interaction between phases, different modeling
approaches ha!e been proposed for two-phase
flows but !ery little of these conducted the two-
phase flow contraction .

&o the present study will also e#pand our
$nowledge of the state-of-the art of
contraction coefficient and pressure drop of
two-phase flow in pipe branching.

ObEe2t"4e
T$e +4erall +bEe2t"4e +/ t$e pre#e!t #tu- "# t+ /+2u#
#+1e #$e# +! t$e 1+el"!g a! "!4e#t"gat"+!# +/ t$e
contraction coefficient and predict the two-phase
flow pressure drop and mass flow rate at t$e
bra!2$"!g Eu!2t"+! "! +rer t+ pr+u2e a !e, rel"able
2+1putat"+!al relat"+! /+r t$e 2+!tra2t"+! 2+e//"2"e!t
a! t+ e4el+p a! e1p"r"2al 1+el /+r pre##ure r+p
T$e rele4a!2e +/ t,+-p$a#e /l+, pr+ble1# "!
"!u#tr"al appl"2at"+!# $a4e 1+t"4ate t+ t$"#
"!4e#t"gat"+! 5 Ne, /+r1ula 1a- be pr+u2e relate
t$e pre##ure r+p 8 1a## /l+, rate# a! 2+!tra2t"+!
2+e//"2"e!t relat"+!#5

ethod of Analysis

T$e 2+!tra2t"+! 2+e//"2"e!t #$+ul be
M+ele ,"t$ t$e $elp +/ t$e /+ll+,"!g
la,#B
5C+!#er4at"+! la, +/ 1a## 5

2+!#er4at"+! la, +/ 1+1e!tu15

2+!#er4at"+! la, +/ e!erg-5




D 1
3
2
D Ac-12
D Ac-13
&tream ,ines





1-The general principle of conser!ation of mass
that the mass within the system remains constant
with time >
0 5 0 +


cs cv
VdA dv
t

0 5 0

t
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] 0 5 0
: 2 %
2
F F F
2
2 2 2 2 & & &
+
ph
ph
ph
ph
dt
dm
V A V A V A
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
ph
ph
ph
V A V A V A
2
F F F
2
2 2 2
2
& & &
+
/+r #tea- #tate /l+,
5here , , represent a!erage !elocities
o!er the cross sections.
&
V
2
V
F
V

2-;nergy *onser!ation
& 2 *
E - E W - G
dA eV edv
t dt
dE
cs cv

+


dA eV edv
t dt
dw
dt
dQ
cs cv

+



%2p$:
2
&
& &
&
&
"!
2
1
]
1

+ + + +
V
gz u
P
dm dws dq

%2p$:
2
F
F F
F
F
2
2
2 2
2
2
+ut
2 2
1
1
]
1

,
_

+ + + +

,
_

+ + +
V
gz u
P V
gz u
P
dm

#-#te1
2
2
1
]
1

,
_

+ +
V
gz u m d
:HHHHHHHH ) %

3-*onser!ation of momentum


cs cv
dA VV Vdv
dt dt
5
%14:
A
#ur/a2e b+-
F F
dt
dV
+
( )

,
_

sys
dt
d
m
dt
d
F ?1 ?2
( ) ( ) ?2 m d Fdt

sys
dm m
t A 5 1 n V

'

,
_

,
_

,
_


cs out cs out cs
t
sys
dA V V
t
t
dA V V dA V V Vdm
dt
d
: 5 % : 5 % : 5 %
5 5
0
l"1

( )

,
_


cs sys
dA V V
dt
d
m
dt
d
F : 5 % ?1 ?2

( )

,
_


cs sys
dA V V
dt
d
m
dt
d
F : 5 % ?1 ?2
: 2 %
2
& & &
: #"! % 0
ph
V A Fy


: 2 %
2
2 2 2
: % 0
ph
V A Fx


: 2 %
2
& & & : 2 %
2
F F F
: 2+# % : %
ph ph
V A V A

defined the contraction coefficient as>
2
2
: 2 & %
A
Ac
c

F
F
: F & %
A
Ac
c


T$e 2+!tra2t"+! 2+e//"2"e!t C2 2a! be repre#e!te a#
ph
A V p f c
2
: 8 8 8 8 %
All t$e#e pr"1ar- "!/lue!2"!g para1eter# #$+ul be
ta9e! "!t+ 2+!#"erat"+! /+r t$e e4el+p1e!t +/ a!e,
pre##ure l+## /+r1ula5
*omparison will be made between model and
e#perimental data .

&tream
lines
?
P3.A3
C&8A&
C28A2
A2&2
A2&F

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