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2.history of Extension

This document traces the history of agricultural extension from its origins in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt through its development in Europe and establishment in the United States and Philippines. It details how extension began with advice on crops and farming in clay tablets and hieroglyphics, became formalized in universities in the 1800s in Britain, and was established in the US through the Morrill Act and Smith-Lever Act to promote agriculture. Extension spread globally in the 1900s and was introduced to the Philippines under Spanish and American rule before being decentralized to local governments in the Philippines in 1991.

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Nico Rey Yamas RA
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1K views22 pages

2.history of Extension

This document traces the history of agricultural extension from its origins in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt through its development in Europe and establishment in the United States and Philippines. It details how extension began with advice on crops and farming in clay tablets and hieroglyphics, became formalized in universities in the 1800s in Britain, and was established in the US through the Morrill Act and Smith-Lever Act to promote agriculture. Extension spread globally in the 1900s and was introduced to the Philippines under Spanish and American rule before being decentralized to local governments in the Philippines in 1991.

Uploaded by

Nico Rey Yamas RA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTORY OF EXTENSION

Distant Origins
1800 B.C.
- in Mesopotamia (now
Iraq). Unearthed clay
tablets reveal advice on
watering crops and
getting rid of rats.

- Some Egyptian hieroglyphics also


show advice on avoiding crop
damage and loss of life from the
Nile river.
- Similar texts on agricultural advice
dating back to Greek, Phoenicians
and Roman civilizations were
found.

Birth of Modern Agricultural


Extension Services
According to historical documents, potato
late blight infested Ireland potato farms that
brought vast devastation to the country in
1845.
Earl of Clarendon sent a letter to the
President of the Royal Agricultural
Improvement Society of Ireland requesting
to initiate changes in the cropping system
and husbandry practices of the
impoverished Irish small farmers.

Beginnings of Extension in Europe


1840s the term university extension or
extension of the university was first
recorded in Britain.
1867- 68
-first practical steps to institutionalizing
extension in a college when James Stuart,
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, gave
lectures to womens associations and
mens clubs in North of England.
- James Stuart is often considered to be
the father of university extension.

1871 - Stuart appealed to the


authorities of the University of
Cambridge to organize extension
lectures under the universitys
supervision.
1873 - extension education was
introduced by Cambridge University
in England to describe an educational
innovation done outside the university

1876 - London University


followed Cambridge in
adopting the system
1878 - Oxford University
also adopted the
innovation

1862 - Department of Agriculture and the


Land Grant Universities were established
through federal legislation in the USA.
-Morrill Act, signed by Abraham Lincoln,
provided mechanisms for agricultural
education.
- The Act stipulated that each state would
set aside acreage of federal land and that
income derived from the property would
support a state college or university for
teaching agriculture and the mechanic
arts

1887 - the Hatch Act


was instituted to
provide funds for
state agricultural
experiment stations.
Agricultural extension
became widespread
in the USA towards
the end of the 19th
century

The term agricultural extension was


finally adopted in the U.S when the
federal Smith-Lever Act of 1914
called for the establishment of the
Cooperative Extension Service a
tripartite cooperation of federal, state
and local county governments with
the state college as the extension
agency

-The transfer of the US land grant


model of extension to the Third World
was an offshoot of the US reparation
movement, which aimed at
rehabilitating war-torn ally countries in
the 1950s.
- Agricultural extension was brought by
external assistance with US extension
experts serving as consultants or
advisers to Latin America, African,
and Asian countries.

Extension in the Philippines


Spanish Regime
- Extension work in the Philippines
began as early as 1565 with the
setting up of model farms or Granjas
Modelos by the first Spanish
missionaries in Negros Occidental for
sugarcane, in Pampanga for rice, and
in Isabela for tobacco.

American Regime
October 8, 1901 beginning of extension
work during the American regime.
April 30, 1902 - Bureau of Agriculture was
established.
July 1910 -The Demonstration and
Extension Division (DED) was established
within the Bureau. DED became the first
formally organized government institute to
implement research and extension
programs.

1929- Bureau of Agriculture was reorganized


and the Bureaus of Plant Industry and
Animal Industry were formed.
- The Agricultural Extension Division was
transferred under the Bureau of Plant
Industry.
1936- Commonwealth Act No. 85 under
president Manuel L. Quezon established
the Provincial Extension services to widen
the reach of extension services.

1942-1945 ( Japanese Occupation)


Home economics and agricultural
extension works in the provinces
were paralyzed.
1947- Home Extension Unit was fused
with Agricultural Extension Unit of the
Bureau of Plant Industry. The
research function was left to the Plant
Utilization Division.

July 16, 1952- RA No. 680 established the


Bureau of Agricultural Extension (BAEx).
- This move is based on the Bell Report
which recommended the consolidation of
scattered extension services provided by
the different government bureaus.
- BAEx became responsible for all the
extension activities of the Department of
Agriculture and Natural Resources.

1963 - Republic Act


No. 3844 or the
Agricultural Land
Reform Code was
signed into law and
BAEx was renamed
Agricultural
Productivity
Commission (APC).

May 2, 1973- Masagana 99 Program


was launched. Under the program
research results generated in
experiment stations and applied
research conducted in farmers fields
were put together in a 16-simple-step
package of production technology.

1982 - EO No. 803 established an integrated


management system for agricultural
services and inputs.
- The province was designated as the
political unit of management for inducing
agricultural development, coordination &
supervision of operations of various
agencies involved in the delivery of
agricultural services.
- the Integrated Agricultural Research
Stations (RIARS) were established to
provide technical support to the extension
workers.

1987 creation of Agricultural Training


Institute thru EO no 116
- BAEx together with the Philippine
Agricultural Training Council (PATC) were
merged into the Agricultural Training
Institute (ATI).

1991 Devolution of Agricultural


Extension. The Local Government
Code thru Republic Act No. 7160
aims to ensure the delivery of basic
services in the agricultural extension
system.
-The authority to manage and
supervise the agricultural extension in
the country was decentralized to the
local government units (LGUs).

GOD BLESS YOU!!!


TRUST IN THE LORD
WITH ALL YOUR
HEART AND LEAN NOT
ON YOUR OWN
UNDERSTANDING, IN
ALL YOUR WAYS
ACKNOWLEDGE HIM
AND HE WILL CROWN
YOUR EFFORTS WITH
SUCCESS. Proverbs
3:5-6

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