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Unit 1 System of Unit

This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the Fundamental Physics I course. The key lessons include defining physical quantities, listing basic and derived units, conducting dimensional analysis, and converting between SI and non-SI units. The scope of study covers basic and derived quantities, dimensional analysis, and unit conversion. Examples are provided for determining dimensions, checking dimensional correctness of equations, deriving equations through dimensional analysis, and performing unit conversions between metrics like mm, km, and g. The summary aims to highlight the main objectives and content areas that will be taught in this introductory physics course.

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Mohd Khairul Fahmi
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122 views27 pages

Unit 1 System of Unit

This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the Fundamental Physics I course. The key lessons include defining physical quantities, listing basic and derived units, conducting dimensional analysis, and converting between SI and non-SI units. The scope of study covers basic and derived quantities, dimensional analysis, and unit conversion. Examples are provided for determining dimensions, checking dimensional correctness of equations, deriving equations through dimensional analysis, and performing unit conversions between metrics like mm, km, and g. The summary aims to highlight the main objectives and content areas that will be taught in this introductory physics course.

Uploaded by

Mohd Khairul Fahmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

FUNDAMENTAL

PHYSICS I
(PHY 130)
UNIT 1:
SYSTEM OF UNITS

LESSON OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, student will be able
to:
Define what is a physical quantity
List the basic and derived quantities
Derive the units for basic and derive quantities
Convert units of physical quantity between SI and
non-SI unit
Conduct dimensional analysis for basic and derived
quantities.

PHY130

SCOPE OF STUDY
SUB TOPICS

Dimensional

Basic and Derived


Quantities

Analysis

PHY130

Unit Conversion

System of units :

standard

for

measurement

of

physical

quantities.
use the International System of Units (SI) as a
global standard.
Significant figures : The number of reliably known digits in a number.
Eg: 23.14 ( 4 s.f )
Eg: 180 ( 3 s.f )
Eg: 180.0 ( 4 s.f )
Eg: 0.006 ( 1 s.f )
Decimal places : A position of a digit to the right of a decimal points.
Eg : 3.56 mm ( 2 d.p )
PHY130

Physical Quantities and Units


Physical quantity : quantity which can be
measured.
(a) Base quantity Basic of physical measurement.
(b) Derived quantity Combination of more than two
base quantities.

PHY130

Basic Quantity
Basic quantity : quantity which
cannot be derived from any
physical quantities.
Quantity
Length
Mass
Time

Symbol
l
m
t

SI Unit
metre
kilogram
second

Symbol
m
kg
s

T/

kelvin
ampere

K
A

Temperature
Electric current

PHY130

Derived Quantity
Derived quantity : quantity
which can be expressed in term
of
base
quantity.
Derived quantity Symbol Formulae
Unit
Velocity
Volume

v
V

Acceleration
Density

Momentum

m s-1
m3

s/t
lwt
v/t
m/V

m s-2
kg m-3

mv

kg m s-1

Force

ma

kg m s-2 @ N

Work

Fs

kg m2 s-2 @ J

PHY130

Dimensional Analysis

Dimension : method which the physical quantity can be


expressed in terms of combination of basic quantities.
It can be written as
[physical quantity or its symbol]
The dimension of basic quantities :
[Basic Quantity]

Symbol

Unit

[mass] or [m]

kg

[length] or [l]

[time] or [t]

[electric current] or [I]

A@I

[temperature] or [T]

[amount of substance] or [N]

mole

PHY130

The uses of dimensional analysis are


to determine the unit of the physical quantity.
to determine whether a physical equation is correct
or not dimensionally by using the principle of
homogeneity.
Dimension on the L.H.S. = Dimension on the R.H.S

to derive a physical equation.

PHY130

Example :
Determine a dimension and the S.I. unit for the following quantities:
a. Velocity
b. Acceleration
c. Linear momentum
d. Densitye. Force
Solution :

change in displacement
Velocity
a.
or

time interval

s
v
t
L
v LT 1
T

The S.I. unit of velocity is m s-1.


PHY130

10

b.

v
a
t
LT 1
a
T
a LT 2

c.

S.I. unit : kg m s-1.

Its unit is m s-2.


d.

m

V

m

l w h
M

LLL
ML3

S.I. unit : kg m-3.

PHY130

p m v
p M LT 1
p MLT 1

e.

F m a
F M LT 2
F MLT 2
S.I. unit : kg m s-2.

11

Example :
Determine Whether the following expressions are dimensionally
correct or not.
2

1
at s, u, a and t represent the displacement, initial
a. s ut
where
2
velocity, acceleration and the time of an object respectively.

b. v u where
2 gs s, u, v and g represent the displacement, initial
velocity, final velocity and the gravitational acceleration respectively.
c.

where T, l and g represent the period of simple

l
T 2
g of the simple pendulum and the gravitational
pendulum , length
acceleration respectively.

PHY130

12

Solution :
a. Dimension on the LHS : s L

Dimension on the RHS : ut u t LT 1 T L

1
2

and

at 2 21 a t 1 LT -2 T 2 L
2

Dimension on the LHS = dimension on the RHS


Hence the equation above is homogeneous or
dimensionally correct.

PHY130

13

-1

LT
b. Dimension on the LHS :
1

LT
Dimension on the RHS :

and

2 gs 2 g s 1 LT -2 L L2T -2
Thus v u 2 gs
Therefore the equation above is not
homogeneous or dimensionally incorrect.

PHY130

14

Solution :
c. Dimension on the LHS :T T

1
1
l

2
2
Dimension on the RHS : 2
2 l g
g

1
l
2
2

1
L
LT

l
T 2
g

Therefore the equation above is homogeneous or

dimensionally correct.
PHY130

15

21

Example :
The period, T of a simple pendulum depends on its length l,
acceleration due to gravity, g and mass, m. By using dimensional
analysis, obtain an equation for period of the simple pendulum.
Solution :
T l x g ymz
Suppose that :

T kl x g y m z (1)
Then
where k, x, y and z are dimensionless constants.

T k l g m
x
2 y
z
T 1 L LT M
x

T Lx y T 2 y M z
0 1
0
x y 2 y
z
LT M L T M
PHY130

16

By equating the indices on the left and right sides of the equation, thus

x y 0 (2)
2y 1

y 12 (3)

By substituting eq. (3) into eq. (2), thus

z0
x

1
2

Replace the value of x, y and z in eq. (1), therefore


1
2

12

T kl g m 0

l
T k
g
The value of k can be determined experimentally.
PHY130

01

17

Example :
Determine the unit of in term of basic unit by using the
equation below:
4
Pi Po
R
where Pi and Po are pressures of the soap bubble and R
is the radius of the bubble.
Solution :

F m a MLT
P

2
A A
L
R L
PHY130

ML T

18

1
R Pi Po
4
1
R Pi Po
4
Since

Pi Po thus
P

1
R P
4
1 L ML1T 2

MT 2

Therefore the unit of


PHY130

is kg s-2
19

Unit Prefixes
Prefix
tera

used for presenting larger


and smaller values.

Examples:
2700000 m = 2700 km =
2.7 Mm
0.00000476 s = 4.76 x
10-6 s = 4.76 s

Value
1012
109

Symbol
T

giga
mega

106

G
M

kilo

103

deci

10-1

centi

10-2

milli

10-3

micro

10-6

nano

10-9

pico

10-12

20

Unit Conversion

The conversion factors between SI and British units for length, mass
and force.

LENGTH

MASS

FORCE

1 m = 39.37 in = 3.281 ft

1 kg = 103 g

1 N = 0.2248 lb = 105 dyne

1 in = 2.54 cm

1 slug = 14.59 kg

1 ft = 0.3048 m = 12 in

1 lb = 0.453592 kg

1 mi = 1609 m

1 metric ton = 103 kg

1 angstrom (A ) = 10-10 m
21

Example :
Solve the following problems of unit conversion.
a. 30 mm2 = ? m2
b. 865 km h-1 = ? m s-1
c. 300 g cm-3 = ? kg m-3
d. 17 cm = ? in
e. 24 mi h-1 = ? km s-1

PHY130

22

Solution :
a. 30 mm2 = ? m2

1 mm

10 m

1 mm 2 10 6 m 2

30 mm 2 30 10 6 m 2 or 3.0 10 5 m 2
b. 865 km h-1 = ? m s-1
1st method :

865

10
m
1

865 km h

1
h

865

10
m
1

865 km h

3600
s

865 km h 1 240 m s 1

PHY130

23

865 km h

865 km h

865 km 1000 m

1 h 1 km

1h

3600 s

865 km 1000 m 1 h

1 h 1 km 3600 s

865 km h 1 240 m s 1
c. 300 g cm-3 = ? kg m-3

300 g
-3
300 g cm
3
1 cm

10 -3 kg

1g

300 g cm 3 3.0 105 kg m -3

PHY130

24

1 cm 3

10 -2 3 m 3

d. 17 cm = ? in

in

17 cm 17 cm
1 cm
17 cm 6.69 in
1
2.54

e. 24 mi h-1 = ? km s-1

24 mi
24 mi h

1h
-1

1.609 km

1 mi

1h

3600 s

24 mi h 1 1.07 10 -2 km s -1

PHY130

25

REFERENCE
S:
1. Giambattista, A., Richardson, B. M.,
Richardson. C, College physics, 3nd
Edition, 2010, Mc Graw-Hill
2. Halliday, D, Resnick, R and Walker, J,
Fundamental of Physics, 7th Edition,
2005
3. Knight, R. D., Jones, B., Field, S.,
College Physics, A Strategic Approach
PHY130

26

End of
Chapter 1
Whether you think you can or think
you cant, youre right. ~Publilius
Syrus

PHY130

27

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