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Network Concept

This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to allow sharing of resources and communication. The key components of a network include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and operating systems. Networks provide benefits like sharing hardware, software, data, and increased connectivity. However, networks also have disadvantages such as high installation costs and single point of failures. The document also classifies networks based on geographical area and component role, and describes common network types such as LANs, WANs, PANs, and client-server networks. It concludes by defining different types of servers like file, printer, application, message, and database servers.

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Jermyn G Evangelista
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103 views24 pages

Network Concept

This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to allow sharing of resources and communication. The key components of a network include computers, cables, network interface cards, switches, and operating systems. Networks provide benefits like sharing hardware, software, data, and increased connectivity. However, networks also have disadvantages such as high installation costs and single point of failures. The document also classifies networks based on geographical area and component role, and describes common network types such as LANs, WANs, PANs, and client-server networks. It concludes by defining different types of servers like file, printer, application, message, and database servers.

Uploaded by

Jermyn G Evangelista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

BASIC CONCEPTS

OF NETWORK
INDE
X
 Definition & applications of computer
network
 Components of computer network
 Network benefits
 Disadvantages of computer network
 Classification by their geographical area
 Network classification by their
component role
 Types of servers
DEFINTION &
APPLICATIONS
DEFINTION:
A computer network is defined as the
interconnection of two or more computers. It is done
to enable the computers to communicate and share
available resources.
 APPLICATIONS:
i. Sharing of resources such as printers
ii. Sharing of expensive software's and database
iii. Communication from one computer to
another computer
iv. Exchange of data and information among
users via
network
v. Sharing of information over geographically
wide areas.
COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
 Two or more computers
 Cables as links between the computers
 A network interfacing card(NIC) on
each computer
 Switches
 Software called operating system(OS)
NETWORK
BENEFITS
 The network provided to the users can
be divided into two categories:
i. Sharing
ii. Connectivity
SHARING
RESOURCES
 Types of resources are:
1. Hardware: A network allows users to
share many hardware devices such as
printers
, modems, fax machines, CD ROM,
players, etc.
2. Software: sharing software resources reduces
the cost of software installation, saves space
on hard disk.
OTHER BENEFITS OF COMPUTER
NETWORK
o Increased speed
o Reduced cost
o Improved security
o Centralized software
managements
o Electronic mail
o Flexible access
DISDAVATAGES OF NETWORKS
o High cost of installation
o Requires time for
administration
o Failure of server
o Cable faults
CLASSIFICATION OF AREA BY
THEIR GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL AREA
NETWORK(LAN)
 LAN is a network which is designed to
operate over a small physical area such as
an office, factory or a group of buildings.
 LAN’s are easy to design and troubleshoot
 Exchange of information and sharing of
resources becomes easy because of LAN.
 In LAN all machines are connected to a
single cable.
 Different types of topologies such as star,
tree, bus, ring, etc Can be used
 It is usually a privately owned network.
WIDE AREA
NETWORK(WAN)
 When network spans over a large distance or
when the computers to be connected to each
other are at widely separated locations a local
area network cannot be used. A wide area
network(WAN) is installed.
 The communication between different users
of WAN is established using leased telephone
lines, satellite links and similar channels.
 It is cheaper and more efficient to use the
phone network for the link.
 Most WAN networks are used to transfer
large blocks of data between its users.
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK(PAN)
 A personal area network is a computer
network organized around an individual
person.
 It generally consists of a mobile computer, a cell
phone or personal digital assistant. PAN
enables the communication among these
devices.
 It can also be used for communication among
personal devices themselves for connecting to
a digital level network and internet.
 The PANs can be constructed using wireless
or cables.
CAMPUS AREA
NETWORK(CAN)
 The campus area network is made up of
an interconnection of LAN with limited
geographical area.
 Network equipments such as switches,
routers and the transmission media i.e.
optical fibre etc are almost entirely owned
by the campus owner.
METROPOLITAN AREA
NETWORK(MAN)
 It is in between LAN & WAN technology
that covers the entire city.
 It uses similar technology as LAN.
 It can be a single network such as cable
TV network, or a measure of connecting
a
number of LAN’s o a large network so that
resources can be shared LAN to LAN as well
as device to device.
WAN
LAN

PAN

CAN
MAN
DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
LAN,WAN,MAN
PARAMETERS LAN WAN MAN
Ownership of
Private Private or public Private or public
network
Geographic
Small Very large Moderate
al area
covered
Design and
Easy Not easy Not easy
maintenanc
e
Coaxial cables,
Communicatio PSTN or satellite PSTN, optical
Coaxial cable fibre, cables,
n medium links
wireless

Bandwidth Low High moderate

Data
High Low moderate
rates(spee
d)
NETWORK CLASSIFICATION BY THEIR
COMPONENT ROLE

LOCAL AREA
NETWORK

PEER TO PEER CLIENT SERVER


NETWORK NETWORK
PEER TO PEER
NETWORK
 In peer to peer network each computer is responsible for
making its own resources available to other computers on
the network.
 Each computer is responsible for setting up and
maintaining its own security for these resources.
 Also each computer is responsible for accessing the
required network resources from peer to peer
relationships.
 Peer to peer network is useful for a small network
containing
less than 10 computers on a single LAN .
 In peer to peer network each computer can function as
both client and server.
 Peer to peer networks do not have a central control
system.
There are no servers in peer networks.
 Peer networks are amplified into home group.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
OF PEER TO PEER NETWORK
Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Use less expensive  Not very secure
computer hardware  No central point of
 Easy to administer storage or file
 No NOS required archiving
 More built in
 Additional load on
redundancy computer because of
resource sharing
 Easy setup & low cost
 Hard to
maintain version
control
CLIENT/SERVER
NETWORK
In client-server network relationships, certain computers act
as server and other act as clients. A server is simply a
computer, that available the network resources and
provides service to other computers when they request it. A
client is the computer running a program that requests the
service from a server.
 Local area network(LAN) is based on client server
network relationship.
 A client-server network is one n which all available
network resources such as files, directories, applications
and shared devices, are centrally managed and hosted
and then are accessed by client.
 Client serve network are defined by the presence of servers
on a network that provide security and administration of
the network.
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT-
SERVER NETWORK
Advantages: Disadvantages
 Very secure : requires
 Better
professional
administration
performance
 More
 Centralized
hardware-
backup intensive
 very reliable  More
software
intensive
 Expensive
dedicated software
TYPES OF
SERVERS
TYPES OF
SERVERS
File server: These servers provide the services
for storing, retrieving and moving the data. A
user can
read, write, exchange and manage the files with
the help of
file servers.
 Printer server: The printer server is used for controlling
and managing printing on the network. It also offers the
fax service to the network users.
 Application server: The expensive software and
additional computing power can be shared by the
computers in a network with he help of application
servers.
 Message server: It is used to co-ordinate the interaction
between users, documents and applications. The data can
be used in the for of audio, video, binary, text or graphics.
 Database server: It is a type of application server. It
allows the uses to access the centralised strong database.

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