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PPT-CH 7

Work over operations are carried out on oil and gas wells to maintain or improve production using smaller work over rigs. These operations become necessary as wells start producing less oil/gas or more water over time. Minor work over operations include well cleaning, removing paraffin buildup, circulating fluids, and installing or servicing artificial lift equipment. Major work over operations are done for production or repair work and include water and gas shut off jobs, casing or cement repairs, and stimulations to increase production.

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179 views19 pages

PPT-CH 7

Work over operations are carried out on oil and gas wells to maintain or improve production using smaller work over rigs. These operations become necessary as wells start producing less oil/gas or more water over time. Minor work over operations include well cleaning, removing paraffin buildup, circulating fluids, and installing or servicing artificial lift equipment. Major work over operations are done for production or repair work and include water and gas shut off jobs, casing or cement repairs, and stimulations to increase production.

Uploaded by

chemical todi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Work over operations

Operations carried out at any oil and gas well

with a view to maintain or improve production /

injection is known as work over operations. For

these operations smaller size rigs are utilized

which are known as work over rigs.


These operations are necessitated from the
fact that most of the oil and gas wells sooner
or later start behaving erratically and
production of oil or gas starts going down,
water or sand production comes up etc.
Work over operation is necessary for
maintaining or increasing the production of
oil or gas.
Minor work over operation

1. Well bottom cleaning – If bottom of well

is occupied by sand or mud settlements,

it needs to be cleared by jetting action or

sometime by drilling.
2. Scrapping of paraffin from inside walls of the
casing- Before running any tool inside the
well, the casing is required to be scrapped
of any paraffin depositions so as to avoid
any stuck up of tools etc. For this casing
scrappers are run.

3. Oil Circulation – Sometimes to give extra


boost, well fluid is displaced with oil
4. Surfactant treatment – To remove blockade
against the perforations, surfactant
treatment is given which helps removal of
the water blocks by reducing the interface
surface tension.

5. Installation or servicing of artificial lift


equipments such as sucker rod pumps,
submersible pumps, plunger pumps etc.
Major work over rig operations

1. Production work over operations such as

- Water shut off jobs

- Gas shut off jobs

- Maintenance or improving productions

by stimulation techniques.
2. Repair work over jobs

- Repair of leaking or parted casing or

replacement of casing.

- Repair of bad cementation behind or

casing replacement.
Recompletion work over job such as
recompletions in new horizon or
horizon or converting a well from
producing one to injection well.
Water shut off jobs - Sometimes along
with oil, water also starts coming. This
may be due to one or combination of
more than one of the following reasons.
a. Water zones may be near to perforations.

b. Channeling behind casing due to bad


cementations.

c. Water coning or fingering

d. Early break through of water in highly


permeable beds.

e. Casing leak against water zones.


Detection – By isotope injection, production
logging e.g. temperature log,density log etc.

Remedy –
I. Squeeze cement into leakage of casing or
channeling behind casing.

II. Regulate productions to prevent water


coning or fingering.

III. Seal perforations near water zone.


Gas shut off high GOR and high gas
productions.

a. Channeling behind casing.

b. Channeling leakage against a gas zone.

c. Gas coning due to high vertical permeability.

d. Perforations near Oil / Gas contact.

e. Depletion below saturation pressure.


Detection - By neutron /temperature log.

Remedy –
I. Squeeze cementation for leakage in
casing as channeling in cement behind
the casing.
II. Sealing the perforations near oil / gas
contacts.
III. Regulating productions to avoid coning.
Work over to improve productions - Some
times due to scale formation against the
perforations, production of oil and gas goes
down. This scale formation may be due to
mud cake, shale, paraffin or swelling of shale
which plugs the channel flow.
Detection – The pressure build up study
shows the extent of skin (damage due to
scale deposition against perforations)
around the well bore. A negative skin is
indicative of good permeability around
the well bore. Positive skin is indicative
of scale deposition.
Remedy – Methods to improve production can be

I. Reperforation or additional perforations.


Additional channels are created for flow of oil and
gas.

II. Stimulation of well bore perforation and producing


horizons. Stimulation can be done by –

a. Acidization
b. Hydro Fracturing
c. Acid fracturing
d. Hydroperforation.
Acidization – Depending upon nature of
damage and type of formation the acid
jobs are planned. For carbonate reservoirs,
hydrochloric acid treatment is given.
However in case of sandstone reservoirs or
mud cake problems mud acid treatment is
applied.
Fracturing – In case of very tight and low
permeability formation fracturing is resorted to.
By this technique, artificial channels are created
in the formations. Along with hydro fracturing
fluid, some propping agents like sand, bauxite
beads etc are also used which prevents the
lifted strata to come back to original position.

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