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Regulation of Respiration During Exercise

During exercise, there are two main respiratory changes: [1)] an increase in pulmonary ventilation and [2)] an increase in both the rate and depth of respiration. Oxygen consumption can increase significantly during moderate and severe exercise. Four main factors increase the respiratory rate during exercise: [1)] anticipatory signals from the cerebral cortex, [2)] impulses from proprioceptors in the muscles and joints, [3)] an increase in body temperature, and [4)] changes in chemical factors like decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. After exercise, there is an "oxygen debt" where the body must consume extra oxygen to restore metabolic systems to their pre-exercise state.

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Baljeet Singh
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232 views19 pages

Regulation of Respiration During Exercise

During exercise, there are two main respiratory changes: [1)] an increase in pulmonary ventilation and [2)] an increase in both the rate and depth of respiration. Oxygen consumption can increase significantly during moderate and severe exercise. Four main factors increase the respiratory rate during exercise: [1)] anticipatory signals from the cerebral cortex, [2)] impulses from proprioceptors in the muscles and joints, [3)] an increase in body temperature, and [4)] changes in chemical factors like decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions. After exercise, there is an "oxygen debt" where the body must consume extra oxygen to restore metabolic systems to their pre-exercise state.

Uploaded by

Baljeet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Respiratory Changes

During Exercise, Oxygen Debt,

By Baljeet singh
2 main respiratory changes in
exercise:
• 1) increase in pulmonary ventilation
• 2) increase in both rate & depth of
respiration.
O2 consumption in
moderate & severe exercise:
• In healthy athlete 
alveolar vent. is directly
proportional to oxygen
metabolism.
• The arterial PO2, PCO2 and pH
remain almost normal.
Conclusion: Hypoxia,
hypercapnia & acidosis have
no role in inducing
hyperventilation during
exercise!!
4 main factors that increase rate of respiration during exercise:

1. Anticipatory increase in rate of ventilation:

When a person intends to perform exercise impulses


from cerebral cortex  skeletal muscle  to initiate
contraction & simultaneously collateral impulses 
respiratory centre increase ventilation.
• 2. Impulses from proprioceptors: (receptors for
position & movement present around joints, in the
muscles, tendons and joint ligaments).
This is the major stimulus for respiratory centre
during exercise.
• 3. Increase in temperature:
During exercise  metabolism increases  body
temperature increases  stimulates respiration
directly & indirectly.
4. Chemical factors:
• Decrease in PO2
• Increase in PCO2
• Increase in H+ conc.
• The effect of PO2, PCO2 & H+ is minimum to stimulate
respiration in exercise because there is increased
ventilation  so PO2 & PCO2 remain in normal limits.
Interrelation between chemical & nervous factors in
control of respiration during exercise:

• At the onset of exercise 


alveolar vent. increases
instantaneously, without an
initial increase in arterial
PCO2
• There is initial decrease in
arterial PCO2 due to great
increase in alv. Vent.
• Conclusion: brain 
anticipatory stim. of resp. at
the onset of exercise.
Changes in Respiration during
Exercise:
1) Normal respiratory minute volume
(RMV) at rest = 500 x 12 = 6 L / min
• in severe exercise:
RMV = up to 100 – 110 L / min
2) Maximum Breathing Capacity (MBC):
Up to 150 – 170 L / min
• 3) Oxygen Consumption (O.C): It is the percentage of arterial
blood which gives its O2 while passing through the tissues.

• 250 ml / min (at rest)


• may increase to 4-5 L / min in exercise

• 4) Utilization Co-efficient (U.C):


25% (at rest)
75 – 85 % in severe exercise
• 5) Diffusion Capacity for O2:
• At rest: 20 – 30 ml / mm Hg / min
• in exercise: 65 ml / mm Hg / min
• 6) Chemical parameters in skeletal muscles:
• PO2 decreases,
• PCO2, H+, Temp increases  Right hand shift of oxy-Hb
dissociation curve  easy dissociation of O2 to supply
skeletal muscle.
• 7) Effect on Respiratory Quotient (RQ):
• In moderate exercise: RQ remains about 1.

• In severe exercise: May increase up to 1.5-2 due to extra


CO2 formation

• After severe exercise: RQ falls up to 0.5.


Neuro-genic drive from respiratory centre
during heavy exercise
• Arterial PCO2 remain normal (40 mm
Hg) at rest & during heavy exercise.

• If PCO2 does change from 40, there is


stim. of vent. above 40 & depression of
vent. below 40.

• This shift in exercise is partly a learned


response that involves cerebral cortex.

Conclusion:
Neurogenic factor shifts the curve about
20- fold in upward direction so that
vent. Matches the rate of CO2 release
keeping normal level of Arterial PCO2
Oxygen Debt:

Definition:
Extra amount of oxygen, that must be supplied to
body after exercise, in order to restore metabolic
system back to pre-exercise state.
• During exercise  oxygen consumption is increased by skeletal
muscle.

Oxygen is present:
• In combination with Hb
• In myoglobin &
• In dissolved form
Oxygen used in severe exercise:

O2 combined with
0.3 L Myoglobin

O2 combined with
1L Hemoglobin
O2 in
0.5 L alveolar air
O2 in
0.25 L dissolved form

TOTAL OXYGEN = 2 L (approx.)


This much oxygen must be repaid.
Debts:

• To restore phosphagen & glycogen system: 2 L is


required.

• To restore Aerobic system: 8 L is required.

• So, a total of 10-12 L oxygen is used in exercise & is


paid in 90 min after exercise  respiratory rate
remain increased for 90 min after exercise to repay
oxygen debt = 10-12 L.
Thank you

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