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Kelvin Double Bridge

The Kelvin double bridge is a modification of the Wheatstone bridge that allows for more accurate measurement of low resistances. It incorporates a second set of ratio arms to divide the connecting lead resistance in half, eliminating its effect on measurements. Key points of the Kelvin double bridge include: 1) It uses four-terminal resistors for the low resistance arms to avoid lead resistance errors. 2) It has two sets of ratio arms, where the ratio of the first set is equal to the ratio of the second set, connecting the galvanometer to the junction to eliminate half the lead resistance. 3) This modification allows for more precise measurements of small resistances down to a few milliohms by

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553 views20 pages

Kelvin Double Bridge

The Kelvin double bridge is a modification of the Wheatstone bridge that allows for more accurate measurement of low resistances. It incorporates a second set of ratio arms to divide the connecting lead resistance in half, eliminating its effect on measurements. Key points of the Kelvin double bridge include: 1) It uses four-terminal resistors for the low resistance arms to avoid lead resistance errors. 2) It has two sets of ratio arms, where the ratio of the first set is equal to the ratio of the second set, connecting the galvanometer to the junction to eliminate half the lead resistance. 3) This modification allows for more precise measurements of small resistances down to a few milliohms by

Uploaded by

NANDHAKUMAR A
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kelvin Double Bridge

Modification of Wheatstone Bridge


• Wheatstone bridge use for measuring the resistance from a few ohms
to several kilo-ohms. 

• But error occurs in the result when it is used for measuring the low
resistance.

• This is the reason because of which the Wheatstone Bridge is


modified, and the Kelvin bridge obtains.

• The Kelvin bridge is suitable for measuring the low resistance.

•  Wheatstone Bridge, while measuring the low-value resistance, the


resistance of their lead and contacts increases the resistance of their
total measured value.
Kelvin’s Bridge
• The r is the resistance of the
leads that connects
the unknown resistance R to
the standard resistance S.
• The ‘m’ and ‘n’ show the
range between which
the galvanometer is
connected for obtaining a
null point
• When the galvanometer is connected to point
‘m’, the lead resistance r is added to the
standard resistance S.
• Thereby the very low indication obtains for
unknown resistance R.
• And if the galvanometer is connected to point n
then the r adds to the R, and hence the high
value of unknown resistance is obtained.
• Thus, at point n and m either very high or very
low value of unknown resistance is obtained.
• So, instead of connecting the galvanometer
from point, m and n we chose any intermediate
point say d where the resistance of lead r is
divided into two equal parts, i.e., r1 and r2

• The presence of r1 causes no error in the


measurement of unknown resistance.
• The above equation shows that if the galvanometer
connects at point d then the resistance of lead will
not affect their results.
• The process described above is obviously not a
practical way of achieving the desired result.
• As there would certainly be a trouble in
determining the correct point for galvanometer
connections.
• Modifications:
• Two actual resistance units of correct ratio be
connected between points m and n, the
galvanometer be connected to the junction of the
resistors.
Kelvin’s Double Bridge
• It incorporates the
idea of second set
of ratio arms –
hence named
Kelvin’s Double
Bridge.
• Uses four terminal
resistors for the low
resistance arms.
• The first ratio arms is P and Q.
• The ratio of the arms p and q are used to connect the
galvanometer at the right place between the point m
and n.
• The m and n reduce the effect of connecting lead of
resistance r between the known resistance R and the
standard resistance S.
• The ratio of p/q is made equal to the P/Q.
• Under balance condition zero current flows through
the galvanometer.
• The potential difference between the point a and b is
equivalent to the voltage drop between the points
Eamd.
Limitations of Kelvin’s Bridge
• The sensitive galvanometer is used for
detecting the balance condition.
• The high measurement current is required for
obtaining the good sensitivity.
AC Bridges
Measurement of Capacitance

Schering Bridge
Schering Bridge
• Schering bridges are most popularly used these days in
industries for measurement of capacitance, dissipation
factor, and loss angles
Equating real and imaginary parts,
• Dissipation Factor

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