TOPIC: DISTRIBUTION OF CARDS

AND EXAMPLES OF COINS.

SIR SAJAWAL NAEEM

 DEFINITION
 A Standard deck of card is consist
of 52 cards and 2 jokers that
means total 54 cards .
 
 Four suites of 13 cards each .
 There are four suits in a standard
deck named as:
1.clubs
2.Diamonds
3.Hearts
4.Spades
 RED & BLACK CARDS

 Cards of spade and cards of clubs are black.

 Cards of heart and diamonds are Red cards.
King

Queen There are 12 face card

in the deck of 52 cards
Playing cards

Jack
 WORKED –OUT PROBLEMS ON
 PLAYING CARDS PROBABILITY
 Definition of card probability
• Playing card involves probability . The better you understand
probability , the better you will play .

• The probability of picking up the ace or a king is . Since in

deck of 52 cards there are 4 aces and 4 kings , which total 8.

• The probability of not picking an ace or king is simply

.
What is the probability of not picking up
the ace in first five consecutive attempts
in a 52 card deck ?
• To find the probability of this , first you must determine the
probability of not picking ace in first five attempts.
• Probability of not picking up the ace in the first attempt is
• The probability of not picking the ace in second attempt .
• This the case because you had previously removed non–aces
in the first attempt reducing the non-aces from

• Also the total number of cards also dropped after the first
attempt reducing the total number from cards from 52 to 51.

• Containing with this logic, on the third attempt the probability

of not picking up the non-ace is

• On the fifth attempt you will the picking up of non-ace is

reduced to , so the total probability picking non–ace in 5
consecutive attempts removing the cards after each attempt is
the product of each individual attempt.
• The product of each individual attempt is

• Multiplying this value by 100 will give you 66 percent.

• So there are 66 percent chance of not picking non-ace in first

five consecutive attempts removing the card after each
attempt.
 
• In order to pick ace in first five consecutive attempts you must
subtract 66 from 100 the remaining 34 is the chance of picking
ace.
• A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find
the probability of:
(i) ‘2’ of spades
(ii) a jack
(iii) a king of red colour
(iv) a card of diamond
(v) a king or a queen
(vi) a non-face card
(vii) a black face card
(viii) a black card
(ix) a non-ace
(x) non-face card of black colour
(xi) neither a spade nor a jack
(xii) neither a heart nor a red king
 solution
• In playing card there are 52 cards:
 1- ‘2’ of spades:

• Number of favorable outcomes i.e. ‘2’ of spades is 1 out

of 52 cards.

• Therefore, probability of getting

• ‘2’ of spade
 2- A jack

• Number of favorable outcomes i.e. ‘a jack’ is 4 out of 52

cards.
 
• Therefore, probability of getting ‘a jack’
 

 
 3- A king of red colour
• a king of red color 
• Number of favorable outcomes i.e“a king of
red colour” is 2 out of 52 cards.Therefore,
probability of getting “a king of red colour”

 
 4- A card of diamond

• Number of favorable outcomes i.e “a card of

diamond” is 13
 
out of 52 cards.
 

• Therefore, probability of getting “a card of

diamond”
 5- A king or a Queen
• Total number of king is 4 out of 52 cards. Total number of
queen is 4 out of 52 cards
 
• Number of favorable outcomes i.e “a king or a queen”is 4 + 4
= 8 out of 52 cards.

• Therefore, probability of getting “a king or a queen”

 
 6- A card of diamond
• Number of favorable outcomes i.e “a card of diamond” is 13
 
out of 52 cards.
 
• Therefore, probability of getting “a card of diamond”
• Total number of face card out of 52 cards = 3 times 4
= 12

• Total number of non-face card out of 52 cards = 52 -

12 = 40

• Therefore, probability of getting “a non-face card”

 
 7- Black face card
• Cards of Spades and Clubs are black cards.
 
• Number of face card in spades (king, queen and jack or
knaves) = 3
 
• Number of face card in clubs (king, queen and jack or knaves)
=3

• Therefore, total number of black face card out of 52 cards = 3

+3=6
• Therefore, probability of getting “a black face card”

 
 8- A Black Card
• Cards of spades and clubs are black cards.
 
• Number of spades = 13
 
• Number of clubs = 13
 
• Therefore, total number of black
card out of 52 cards = 13 + 13 = 26

• Therefore, probability of getting “a black card”

 9- A Non Face
• Number of ace cards in each of four suits namely spades,
hearts, diamonds and clubs = 1

• Therefore, total number of ace cards

out of 52 cards = 4

• Thus, total number of non-ace

cards out of 52 cards = 52 – 4 =48
 
 
• Therefore, probability of getting “a non-ace”
 

 
 10- Non-Face card of black colour
• Number of spades = 13
 
• Number of clubs = 13

• Cards of spades and clubs are black cards.

 
• Therefore, total number of black card out of 52 cards = 13 +
13 = 26
 
• Number of face cards in each suits namely spades and clubs = 3
+3=6
• Therefore, total number of non-face card of black colour
out of 52 cards = 26 - 6 = 20

• Therefore, probability of getting “non-face card of black

colour”
 11- NEITHER A SPADE NOR A JACK
• Number of spades = 13
• Total number of non-spades out of 52 cards = 52 - 13 = 39
Number of jack out of 52 cards = 4
 

• Number of jack in each of three suits namely hearts, diamonds

and clubs = 3
 
• [Since, 1 jack is already included in the 13 spades so, here we
will take number of jacks is 3]
 
 
• Neither a spade nor a jack = 39 - 3 = 36
 
• Therefore, probability of getting “neither a spade nor a
jack”
 

 
12- NEITHER A HEART NOR A RED KING
• Number of hearts = 13

• Total number of non-hearts out of 52 cards

= 52 - 13 = 39

• Therefore, spades, clubs and diamonds are the

• 39 cards.
 
• Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards.
 
• Number of red kings in red cards = 2
•  Therefore, neither a heart nor a red king = 39 - 1 = 38
• [Since, 1 red king is already included in the 13 hearts so, here
we will take number of red kings is 1]

• Therefore, probability of getting “neither a heart nor a red king”

 

 
PROBLEM IN PROBABILITY OF
PLAYING CARDS
 
 PROBLEM 1
• A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52
cards. What is the probability that the drawn card is
king ?
• Solution : 

• Let A be the event of drawing a king card.

• There are 4 king cards in total.
• Then,
• n(A) = 4
• And also
• n(S) = 52
• Required probability is

 
• So, the probability of getting a kind card is
 PROBLEM 2

• Solution :
• Let A be the event of drawing a card that is not king. There are
4 king cards in the pack of 52 cards

• A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52

cards. Find the probability that the drawn card is not king.
 
• Then, the number of cards which are not king .
• n(A) = 52 - 4
• n(A) = 48 
• And also
• n(S) = 52
• Required probability is
• P(A)
• P(A)
• P(A)
 
• So, the probability of getting a kind card is
 PROBLEM 2
• A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52
cards. What is the probability that the card is neither a
spade nor a Jack ?
• Solution :
 
• Let A be the event of drawing a card that is neither spade nor
Jack

• There are 13 spade cards in a pack of 52 cards. (Jack in spade

is already included in these 13 cards)
• In the remaining 3 types (club, heart, diamond), there are 3
jack cards.
 
• Number of spade cards and jack cards is
= 13+3
= 16

• So, no. of cards which are neither spade nor Jack are
 
= 52-16
  =36
•  
 PROBLEM 3
• A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards.
Find the probability that the card drawn is:
(i) a king
(ii) neither a queen nor a jack.
• SOLUTION
 
• Total number of possible outcomes = 52 (As there are 52
different cards).
 
• (i) Number of favorable outcomes for the event E = number of
kings in the pack = 4. So, by definition, P(E)
 
ii) Number of favorable outcomes for the event F = number of
cards
 
• which are neither a queen nor a jack = 52 - 4 - 4,
[Since there are 4 queens and 4 jacks].
= 44
 
• Therefore, by definition, P(F)
 PROBLEM 4
• A card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled pack of
cards numbered 1 to 20. Find the probability of:
(i) getting a number less than 7
(ii) getting a number divisible by 3
• SOLUTION:
 
(i) Total number of possible outcomes = 20 ( since there are cards
numbered 1, 2, 3, ..., 20). 
• Number of favorable outcomes for the event E= number of
cards showing less than 7 = 6 (namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
 
Total number of possible outcomes = 20.
Number of favorable outcomes for the event F= ?
number of cards showing a number divisible by 3 = 6 (namely 3,
6, 9, 12, 15, 18).
• So, P(F) = Number of Favorable which is equal to

• Outcomes for the Event F Total Number of Possible Outcomes

MULTIPLICATION LAWS OF
PROBABILITY
 INTRODUCTION

• When we require the probability of the two events occurring

simultaneously or the

• Probability of one or the more other or both of two events

occurring then we need probability laws to carry out the
calculations.
 RULES

• The multiplication rules states that : 

"The probability of occurrence of given two events or
in other words the probability of intersection of two given
events is equal to the product obtained by finding the
probability of the occurrence of the both events "
 PROBLEMS

• Let us see examples on the multiplication law of the

probability:
 PROBLEM 1
• A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52
cards. Find the probability that the drawn card is not king.

• Solution

• Let A be the event of drawing a card that is not a king. There

are four king cards in the pack of 52 cards. Then the numbers
of cards which are not king.
• n(A)=52-4
• n(A) =48
• and also. n(s)=52
• Required probability is

• P(A)
• P(A)
 
• So the probability of getting card is
 PROBLEM 2
• Suppose you have a box with 3 blue marbles , 2 red
marbles and 4 yellow marbles. You are going to pull out
one marble, record its color, put it back in the box and
draw another marble. What is the probability of pulling
out a red marble followed by a blue marble?
• Solution:
 
• The multiplication rules say we need to find P(red)
 
• P(blue)
 
• P(red, blue)
 
 
• The probability for the second marble was not effected by
what happened on the first marble.
EXAMPLES OF COINS
 Example 1
• In a simultaneous toss of 2 coins then find the
probability of 2 tails?
• Solution:
Two coins: {HH,TH,HT,TT}=4

Probability
 Example 2
• In a simultaneous toss of 2 coins, then find the
probability of exactly 1 tail?
• Solution:
Two coins: {HH, TH, HT, TT}=4

Probability
 Example 3
• In a simultaneous toss of 2 coins, then find the
probability of no tail.
• Solution:
Two coins: {HH, TH, HT, TT}

Probability
 Example 4
• 3 coins are tossed. Find the probability of all
are heads.
• Solution

Probability HHH TTT

HHT TTH
HTH THT
THH HTT
 Example 5
• 3 coins are tossed. Find the probability of
exactly 2 heads.
• Solution:

HHH TTT
HHT TTH

Probability HTH THT

THH HTT
 Example 6
• 3 coins are tossed. Find the probability of no
heads?
• Solution:

HHH TTT
HHT TTH
Probability HTH THT
THH HTT
 Example 7
• 3 coins are tossed. Find the probability of at
least 1 heads and 1 tail?
• Solution:
HHH TTT

HHT TTH
HTH THT
THH HTT
Probability
 Example 8
• 4 coins are tossed once. Find the probability of
exactly 3 tails.
• Solution:

HHHH TTTT
HHHT TTTH
Probability HHTH TTHT
HTHH THTT
THHH HTTT
HHTT THHT
HTTH THTH
TTHH HTHT
 Example 9
• 4 coins are tossed once. Find the probability
by of at least 1 tail.
• Solution:

HHHH TTTT

• Probability HHHT
HHTH
TTTH
TTHT
HTHH THTT
THHH HTTT
HHTT THHT
HTTH THTH
TTHH HTHT