Virginia Centurione Bracelli School

Daughters of Our Lady on Mount Calvary

Poctoy, Odiongan, Romblon
S.Y 2024 – 2025

COMPUTER 11
MODULE 1

Introduction to
computer
systems

Prepared by: Ms. Shang Tabuna

What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information, or data. It has
the ability to store, retrieve, and process
data.
What is a computer
SYSTEM?
 Computer system
A computer system is a combination of hardware and
software that works together to perform tasks, process
data, and communicate information. It includes
components such as the central processing unit (CPU),
memory, storage devices, input and output devices, and
operating system software. The system enables users to
interact with digital information, run applications, and
perform various computing tasks efficiently.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Hardware
Often referred to as the brain of the computer, the CPU executes instructions and processes data.

Memory (RAM)
Temporary storage that holds data and instructions the CPU needs while performing tasks.

Storage Devices
Permanent storage for data and applications, including hard drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and external
storage devices.

Input Devices
Tools for user interaction, such as keyboards, mice, and scanners.

Output Devices
Tools for displaying or outputting data, including monitors, printers, and speakers.

Motherboard
The main circuit board that connects all components of the computer, facilitating communication between them.

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Provides electrical power to the computer's components.
 SOFTWAR
Operating System (OS) E
The software that manages hardware resources and provides services for application
software. Examples include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

Application Software
Programs that perform specific tasks for users, such as word processors, web browsers,
and games.

System Software
Software designed to manage and optimize computer hardware, including operating
systems, utility programs, and drivers.
 Peripheral devices
Input Peripherals
Devices that input data into the computer, such as keyboards, mice, scanners, and
cameras.

Output Peripherals
Devices that output data from the computer, such as monitors, printers, and speakers.

Storage Peripherals
External devices used to store data, such as external hard drives, USB flash drives, and
cloud storage services.
 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Data Processing Cycle

Input The process of entering data into the computer system.

Processing The manipulation of input data by the CPU to produce
meaningful information.(Converting typed text into digital characters, checking for
spelling errors, and formatting text according to predefined rules.)
Storage Saving data and instructions in memory or storage
devices for future use.
Output Presenting processed data to the user or another system.
 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Binary System

Computers use a binary system (base-2) to represent data.

Binary digits (bits) are the fundamental units of data,
represented as 0s and 1s.
 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Binary System

Computers use a binary system (base-2) to represent data.

Binary digits (bits) are the fundamental units of data,
represented as 0s and 1s.
 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Networking

Local Area Network (LAN) A network that connects computers within a

limited area, such as a home, school, or office.
Wide Area Network (WAN) A network that connects computers over large
geographical areas, such as cities, countries, or globally (e.g., the internet).
Internet A global network of networks that facilitates communication and
data exchange.
 BASIC CONCEPTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Operating System Functions

User Interface Provides a way for users to interact with the computer (e.g.,
graphical user interface, command-line interface).
Resource Management Manages hardware resources, such as CPU, memory, and
storage.
File Management Organizes and controls access to data stored on the computer.
Security Protects the system and data from unauthorized access and threats.
 The importance of computer systems
Automation and Efficiency
They automate repetitive tasks, increasing efficiency and productivity in various
sectors like manufacturing, finance, and healthcare.

Communication
Facilitate instant global communication through email, messaging, and video
conferencing.

Storage and Retrieval of Information

Enable large-scale data storage and quick retrieval, essential for businesses,
organizations, and individuals.
 The importance of computer systems
Research and Information Access
Provide access to vast amounts of information online, supporting research,
education, and decision-making.

Entertainment and Media

Power the gaming industry, streaming services, and digital media creation and
distribution.

Education
Support learning through e-learning platforms, online courses, and educational
software.
 The importance of computer systems
Business Operations
Manage inventory, transactions, customer relationships, and logistics through
specialized software systems.

Healthcare
Aid in medical diagnostics, patient records management, and research through
medical imaging and data analysis.

Security
Provide tools for data encryption, secure transactions, and protection against cyber
threats.
 The importance of computer systems
Business Operations
Manage inventory, transactions, customer relationships, and logistics through specialized
software systems.

Healthcare
Aid in medical diagnostics, patient records management, and research through medical
imaging and data analysis.

Security
Provide tools for data encryption, secure transactions, and protection against cyber threats.

Personal Convenience: Enhance daily life with applications for banking, shopping, travel, and
personal organization.
 The evolution of computer systems
and its application

GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3

Third Generation
First Generation Second Generation (1960s-1970s)
(1940s-1950s) (1950s-1960s)

GROUP 4 GROUP 5
Fourth Generation Fifth Generation
(1970s-Present)
(Present-Future)
 Introduction to computer systems homework task
Your task is to explore the basic components of a computer system and understand how they work together to perform tasks.

Identify and define the following components of a computer system. (15 points for performance task 1)
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
What to Submit:
• Random Access Memory (RAM)  Your research on computer components,
• Storage Devices (Hard Drive, SSD) properly formatted and clear.
 Your labeled diagram of a computer system.
• Motherboard
 Your comparison of the two types of
• Power Supply Unit (PSU) computers.
• Input and Output Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, etc.) When to Submit:
July 23,2024

Create a Diagram (Written in English) (25 points for performance task 1)

Draw a simple diagram that illustrates the components of a computer system. Label each part and include a brief description (2-3 sentences) of
what each component does.

Comparison of Computers (Written in English) (15 points for performance task 1)

Choose two types of computers (e.g., desktop vs. laptop, or personal computer vs. gaming console) and write a short comparison (5-6
sentences) highlighting the differences in their components and use cases.
Thanks