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Read Only Memory

All ROMS

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Siva Suresh Kumar Gandi
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28 views9 pages

Read Only Memory

All ROMS

Uploaded by

Siva Suresh Kumar Gandi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ROM

READ ONLY
MEMORY
WHAT IS ROM ?
 Rom stands for ( Read-only memory )

 ROM is a type of non-volatile memory used in


computers and other electronic devices.

 ROM refers to permanent memory.

 It’s non-volatile, so when it loses power, the


data remains ROM is the perfect place to store
important data and instructions that won’t
change.

 The data is not affected by a loss of power, like


RAM ROM is located on the motherboard.

 It contains the basic instructions for what needs


to happen when a computer is powered on.
TYPES OF ROM :
MROM (MASKED READ ONLY MEMORY):
 It is the oldest type of read only memory (ROM).
 It has become obsolete so it is not used anywhere in today's
world.
 It is a hardware memory device in which programs and
instructions are stored at the time of manufacturing by the
manufacturer.
 So it is programmed during the manufacturing process and can't
be modified, reprogrammed, or erased later.
 The MROM chips are made of integrated circuits.
 Chips send a current through a particular input-output pathway
determined by the location of fuses among the rows and
columns on the chip.
 The current has to pass along a fuse-enabled path, so it can
return only via the output the manufacturer chooses.
 This is the reason the rewriting and any other modification is
not impossible in this memory.
PROM (PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY
MEMORY):
 PROM is a blank version of ROM. It is manufactured as blank
memory and programmed after manufacturing.
 We can say that it is kept blank at the time of manufacturing.
 You can purchase and then program it once using a special tool
called a programmer.
 In the chip, the current travels through all possible pathways.
 The programmer can choose one particular path for the current
by burning unwanted fuses by sending a high voltage through
them.
 The user has the opportunity to program it or to add data and
instructions as per his requirement.
 Due to this reason, it is also known as the user-programmed
ROM as a user can program it.
 To write data onto a PROM chip; a device called PROM
programmer or PROM burner is used.
 The process or programming a PROM is known as burning the
PROM.
 Once it is programmed, the data cannot be modified later, so it
is also called as one-time programmable device.
EPROM (ERASABLE AND PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY):

 EPROM is a type of ROM that can be reprogramed


and erased many times.
 The method to erase the data is very different; it
comes with a quartz window through which a specific
frequency of ultraviolet light is passed for around 40
minutes to erase the data.
 So, it retains its content until it is exposed to the
ultraviolet light.
 You need a special device called a PROM programmer
or PROM burner to reprogram the EPROM.

Uses: It is used in some micro-controllers to store


program, e.g., some versions of Intel 8048 and the
Freescale 68HC11.
EEPROM (ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE AND PROGRAMMABLE
READ ONLY MEMORY):

 ROM is a type of read only memory that can be erased


and reprogrammed repeatedly, up to 10000 times.
 It is also known as Flash EEPROM as It is similar to flash
memory.
 It is erased and reprogrammed electrically without using
ultraviolet light.
 Access time is between 45 and 200 nanoseconds.
 The data in this memory is written or erased one byte at
a time; byte per byte, whereas, in flash memory data is
written and erased in blocks.
 So, it is faster than EEPROM.
 It is used for storing a small amount of data in computer
and electronic systems and devices such as circuit
boards.

 Uses: The BIOS of a computer is stored in this memory.


FLASH ROM:
 It is an advanced version of EEPROM.
 It stores information in an arrangement or array of memory cells
made from floating-gate transistors.
 The advantage of using this memory is that you can delete or
write blocks of data around 512 bytes at a particular time.
 Whereas, in EEPROM, you can delete or write only 1 byte of data
at a time. So, this memory is faster than EEPROM.
 It can be reprogrammed without removing it from the computer.
 Its access time is very high, around 45 to 90 nanoseconds. It is
also highly durable as it can bear high temperature and intense
pressure.

Uses: It is used for storage and transferring data between a


personal computer and digital devices. It is used in USB flash
drives, MP3 players, digital cameras, modems and solid-state drives
(SSDs). The BIOS of many modern computers are stored on a flash
memory chip, called flash BIOS.

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