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Computer Organization
and Architecture
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1.ROM
2. PROM
3. EPROM
4. EEPROM
5. Flash Memory
i. Flash Cards
ii. Flash Drives
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1.ROM
• ROM, when information can be written into it only once at the time of
manufacture.
• A logic value 0 is stored in the cell if the transistor is connected to ground
at point P; otherwise, a 1 is stored.
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PROM:
• Some ROM designs allow the data to be loaded by the user,
thus providing a programmable ROM (PROM).
• Before it is programmed, the memory contains all 0s.
• The user can insert 1s at the required locations by burning out
the fuses at these locations using high-current pulses.
EPROM
• Another type of ROM chip provides an even higher level of
convenience.
• It allows the stored data to be erased and new data to be
written into it.
• Such an erasable, reprogrammable ROM is usually called an
EPROM
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EEPROM
• An EPROM must be physically removed from the circuit for reprogramming.
• Also, the stored information cannot be erased selectively.
• The entire contents of the chip are erased when exposed to ultraviolet
light.
• Another type of erasable PROM can be programmed, erased, and
reprogrammed electrically.
• Such a chip is called an electrically erasable PROM, or EEPROM. It does not
have to be removed for erasure. Moreover, it is possible to erase the cell
contents selectively.