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Read-Only Memory (ROM) : by Elementrix

ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a non-volatile storage used to store the boot sequence (BIOS) of a computer, ensuring essential components are connected and functioning during startup. Unlike RAM, which is volatile and allows read/write operations, ROM is typically read-only and set by manufacturers, with various types including PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. Each type has distinct characteristics, with PROM being one-time programmable, EPROM requiring removal for erasure, and EEPROM allowing electronic erasure and reprogramming without removal.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views7 pages

Read-Only Memory (ROM) : by Elementrix

ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a non-volatile storage used to store the boot sequence (BIOS) of a computer, ensuring essential components are connected and functioning during startup. Unlike RAM, which is volatile and allows read/write operations, ROM is typically read-only and set by manufacturers, with various types including PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM. Each type has distinct characteristics, with PROM being one-time programmable, EPROM requiring removal for erasure, and EEPROM allowing electronic erasure and reprogramming without removal.

Uploaded by

Devante Passade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Read-only

Memory (ROM)
By Elementrix
Introduction

ROM is typically used to store the boot sequence (BIOS) for a computer. Unlike RAM, it is non-volatile
and will not lose its data when the power is switched off. The contents of ROM are set by the
computer manufacturer and, as the name implies, your computer usually only reads from ROM. Which
is good because it is crucial to your computer system and any changes you make could stop the
computer booting up properly.

The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) stored on ROM is a very limited sequence of instructions that
checks that the core components of the computer system (RAM, fundamental input/output devices,
secondary storage) are connected and responding correctly.

Once done, the boot sequence loads the essential parts of the main operating system from secondary
storage into RAM. From this point, the operating system will oversee the operation of the computer,
managing memory, storage, and requests for input/output

The characteristics of ROM are:

● It is non-volatile
● It is written by the computer manufacturer
● Usually stores the BIOS
RAM vs ROM

Characteristic RAM ROM

Purpose Stores data and instructions Stores boot-up instructions set


during processing by the manufacturer

Volatility Volatile, data lost without power Non-volatile, data remains after
power switched off

Read/Write Read and write Read only

Capacity Usually several gigabytes A few megabytes in size


Types of ROM

● PROM
● EPROM
● EEPROM
PROM

PROM stands for programmable read-only


memory, which is a type of ROM that can be
written to once (only) after the circuit has been
manufactured.

This type of ROM is often used when an electronic


device has a relatively low production volume, and
the cost of writing the contents during the
manufacturing process is not cost effective.

It is made of a matrix of fuses

It uses a PROM writer for the programming the


PROM writer uses an electric current to alter
specific cells by burning fuses in the matrix

Due to the method used to program a PROM is


only written once

Data can’t be deleted or created once contents


have been added
EPROM

EPROM stands for erasable programmable


read-only memory.

If the contents of the ROM need to be


changed, the memory unit is removed from
the system and ultraviolet light is used to
erase the data through a quartz window onto
integrated circuits; all of the contents are
erased in a single operation.

Contents are created using electrical signals


from floating gates and transistors.

This is a specialist operation and needs


special equipment and operator expertise.
EEPROM

EPROM technology has been superseded


by EEPROM, which stands for electrically
erasable programmable read-only memory.

This type of memory device allows individual


bytes to be erased electronically and the
device can then be reprogrammed without
removing the chip

EEPROM is typically used in smart cards


and remote keyless systems.

Some EEPROM devices have additional


security features to protect the device from
hackers who may wish to attempt to
reprogram it.

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