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Predicting Chemical Behavior Using the Periodic Table

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Melodina Acain
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views10 pages

Predicting Chemical Behavior Using the Periodic Table

Uploaded by

Melodina Acain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Predicting Chemical

Behavior Using the


Periodic Table
The periodic table is an invaluable tool in chemistry. It organizes
elements based on their properties, enabling us to predict their
reactivity and interactions with other elements.

by Melodina Acain
Groups and Periods
Groups Periods

Vertical columns on the periodic table are called Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods.
groups. Elements within the same group share similar Elements in the same period have the same number of
chemical properties because they have the same electron shells.
number of valence electrons.
Electronegativity
Definition
Electronegativity is the measure of an atom's tendency to attract
1
electrons in a chemical bond.

Trend
2 Electronegativity generally increases from left to right and from
bottom to top of the periodic table.

Predicting Behavior
3 Highly electronegative elements tend to gain
electrons and form anions.
Ionization Energy
Definition
1
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom.

Trend
2 Ionization energy generally increases from left to right and from bottom
to top of the periodic table.

Predicting Behavior
3 Elements with low ionization energy readily lose
electrons and form cations.
Metallic Character
Metals Nonmetals
Metals are generally located Nonmetals are located on
on the left side of the the right side of the periodic
periodic table and have low table and have high
ionization energies. They ionization energies. They
tend to lose electrons and tend to gain electrons and
form cations. form anions.

Metalloids
Metalloids, located along the staircase, exhibit properties of
both metals and nonmetals.
Reactivity

Metals Nonmetals
Metals in the same group Nonmetals in the same group
become more reactive as you become less reactive as you go
go down the group, because down the group, because the
the valence electrons are valence electrons are closer to
farther from the nucleus and the nucleus and harder to gain.
easier to remove.
Example: Sodium

1 2
Group 1 Low Electronegativity
Sodium is in group 1, indicating Sodium has low
it has one valence electron. electronegativity, meaning it
readily loses its electron.

3
Metal
Sodium is a metal, confirming its
tendency to lose electrons and
form cations.
Example: Chlorine
Group 17
Chlorine is in group 17, indicating it needs one more
electron to complete its outermost shell.

High Electronegativity
Chlorine has high electronegativity, showing its strong
tendency to gain an electron.

Nonmetal
Chlorine is a nonmetal, further supporting its
tendency to gain electrons and form anions.
Predicting Reactions
Summary
The periodic table is an invaluable tool for predicting chemical
behavior. By understanding trends in electronegativity, ionization
energy, and metallic character, you can anticipate how elements
will interact and form compounds.

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