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Quarter-3-Week-1-2 Math

The document outlines guidelines for online learning, emphasizing the importance of turning off microphones, wearing presentable clothing, and using the 'RAISE HAND' feature for questions. It introduces the concept of a mathematical system, detailing undefined terms, defined terms, axioms/postulates, and theorems, with examples such as points, lines, and angles. The document also includes the five postulates of Euclid and the significance of theorems in mathematics.

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splitamor9
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5 views53 pages

Quarter-3-Week-1-2 Math

The document outlines guidelines for online learning, emphasizing the importance of turning off microphones, wearing presentable clothing, and using the 'RAISE HAND' feature for questions. It introduces the concept of a mathematical system, detailing undefined terms, defined terms, axioms/postulates, and theorems, with examples such as points, lines, and angles. The document also includes the five postulates of Euclid and the significance of theorems in mathematics.

Uploaded by

splitamor9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 53

Always turn-off your mic.

Wear presentable
clothes.

Turn your camera on.


Reminders!!!
If you have a questions,
clarrifications, or you want to
answer, just tap the “RAISE HAND”
button. And wait for the teacher to
call your name before turning your
mic on.
Use your name on your gmail
accounts.
Mathematic
al System
WEEK1-
Learning Competencies
Describes a Mathematical System (M8GE-
IIIa-1).
Illustrates the need for an axiomatic
structure of a Mathematical System in
general, and in Geometry in particular: (a)
defined terms; (b) undefined terms; (c)
postulates; and (d) theorems (M8GE-IIIa-
c-1).
Four Steps in Mathematical System

Undefined Terms
Defined Terms
Axioms/Postulates
Theorems
UNDEFINED TERMS
In mathematical system we
come across many terms which
cannot be precisely defined.
In modern mathematics we
accept certain undefined terms.
EXAMPLES ...
POINT
a point indicates a location (or
position) in space.
a point has no dimension (actual size).
a point has no length, no width, and
no height (thickness).
EXAMPLES ...
POINT
a point is usually named with a capital
letter.
in the coordinate plane, a point is named
by an ordered pair, (x,y).
while we represent a point with a dot, the
dot can be tiny or large.
remember, a point has no size.
POINT
Points
have no
size. They
simply
represent a
location.
EXAMPLES ...
LINE (straight line)
a line has no thickness.
a line's length extends in one dimension.
a line goes on forever in both directions.
a line has infinite length, zero width, and
zero height.
EXAMPLES ...
LINE (straight line)
a line is assumed to be straight.
a line is drawn with arrowheads on both
ends.
a line is named by a single lowercase
script letter, or by any two (or more) points
which lie on the line.
LINE (straight line)
Lines can be
labeled with a single
script letter, or by
two points on the
line,
The thickness of a
line makes no
difference.
EXAMPLES ...
PLANE
a plane has two dimensions.
a plane forms a flat surface extending
indefinitely in all directions.
a plane has infinite length, infinite width
and zero height (thickness).
EXAMPLES ...
PLANE
a plane is drawn as a four-sided figure
resembling a tabletop or a parallelogram.
a plane is named by a single letter (plane
m) or by three coplanar, but non-collinear,
points (plane ABC).
PLANE
Plane m or Plane
ABC. While the
diagram of a
plane has edges,
you must
remember that
the plane has no
boundaries.
NOTE ! ! !
Collinear points are points
that lie on the same
straight line.
Coplanar points are points
that lie in the same plane.
OTHER EXAMPLES ...
number
variable
DEFINED TERMS
We defined the other
terms of the
mathematical system
in terms of undefined
terms.
EXAMPLES ...
LINE SEGMENT
a part of a line that is bounded by two
distinct end points
contains every point on the line between
its endpoints
a closed line segment includes both
endpoints
EXAMPLES ...
LINE SEGMENT
an open line segment excludes both
endpoints.
a half-open line segment includes exactly
one of the endpoints.
LINE SEGMENT
EXAMPLES ...
RAY
a ray can be defined as a part of a line
that has a fixed starting point but no
end point.
it can extend infinitely in one
direction.
RAY
EXAMPLES ...
OPPOSITE RAYS
both rays must start from the
same point
must go the opposite direction
must form a line
OPPOSITE RAYS
The starting point for the rays ZX and
ZY is Z, and then they both go the
opposite direction that makes two
opposite rays: ZX and ZY.
EXAMPLES ...
ANGLES
an angle can be defined as the
figure formed by two rays meeting
at a common end point.
an angle is represented by the
symbol ∠.
ANGLES
ANGLES
OTHER EXAMPLE ...
circle
AXIOMS/POSTULATES
Early Greeks considered
postulates as general
truths common to all
studies and axioms as the
truths relating to the special
study at hand.
AXIOMS
 is derived from the Greek word
‘Axioma’ meaning ‘true
without needing a proof’.
you do not need a proof to
state its truth as it is evident in
itself.
EXAMPLES ...
Daily Life Examples of Axioms

1. Zero (0) is a natural


number.
2. Sun rises in the East.
3. Two parallel lines never
intersect each other.
4. Philippines is a part of
POSTULATES
 is a statement that is accepted
as true without having to
formally prove it.
is an assumption, that is, a
proposition or statement, that is
assumed to be true without any
proof.
EXAMPLES ...
EXAMPLES ...
The five postulates of Euclid
1. Any two points describe a line.
2. A line is infinitely long.
3. A circle is uniquely defined by
its center and a point on its
circumference.
The five postulates of Euclid
4. Right angles are all equal.
5. Given a point and a line not
containing the point, there is one
and only one parallel to the line
through the point.
Theorems
A statement that we arrive
at by successive
application of the rule of
implication to the axiom
and statements previously
arrived is called theorems.
Theorems
is a statement that can
be demonstrated to be
true by accepted
mathematical operations
and arguments.
Theorems
a theorem is an embodiment of
some general principle that
makes it part of a larger theory
the process of showing a
theorem to be correct is
called a proof.
EXAMPLES ...
• The
"Pythagorean
Theorem"
proved that c2 =
a2 + b2 for a
right-angled
triangle.
EXAMPLES ...
“Thales
Theorem” - An
angle inscribed
across a
circle's
diameter is
always a right
angle.
NOTE ! ! !
Inscribed Angle - an
angle made from points
sitting on the circle's
circumference.
SEE YOU ON
MARCH 01, 2022

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