Workshop on PCB Design

@
Mar Ephraem College
Of Engg and Tech

WORKSHOP Resource
ON PCB person
Dr.V.SURESH
ON
DESIGN HOD/ECE
Mar Ephraem
college of
18-11-24 engineering and
technology
Different types of circuit boards

1. Breadboard
2. Strip Board
3. Printed Circuit Board
Breadboard
 BREAD BOARD
• A breadboard consists of a perforated
block of plastic with metal spring clips
under the perforation.
• These spring clips are
generally made from nickel silver or bron
ze and they form the contact points that
support electronic
components.
• Do not need to solder any components
when working with a breadboard.
• All the components in a breadboard
circuit can therefore be reused in other
Stripboard Circuit Boards
 Stripboard
• These boards are great for prototyping and producing
functional circuit boards for actual use.
• They are characterized by 0.1 inch rectangular grid holes,
and parallel strips of copper on one side of the Stripboard.
• need to practice on your soldering technique as electrical
components must be soldered onto them
• These components are always placed at one side of the
board while their leads protrude at the other end.
• The leads must then be soldered.
• The soldering orientation must ensure leads are
connected to the copper tracks at the other side of the
Stripboard
LIMITATIONS
• Stripboards with large number of holes can be confusing
to build.
• They are not the best option for executing complex circuit
Printed Circuit Boards
 Printed Circuit Board (PCB)
• The most commonly used circuit board type in
today’s fast-paced world is the printed circuit
board.
• Its accommodating nature, design flexibility,
and ease of use make it the option of choice for
most electrical engineers and hobbyists
• A PCB consists of connecting copper tracks
etched on a board.
• The electrical components are then soldered
onto the tracks on the board according to the
schematic design.
• PCBs are currently used in every electronic
device due to their ability to integrate both
complex and simpler designs.
 Types of PCB
1. Single-Sided PCBs
• This PCB is tagged as single-sided
because they have just one layer of base
material or substrate is coated on the
board.
• This means that all the electrical
components used will be soldered on that
single surface.
• Single-sided boards are built for use in
simple electronics and are also great for
prototyping tasks.
• Available in affordable prices
Single-Sided
PCBs
 Double-Sided PCBs
• A double-sided PCB has two copper layers
on both sides of one substrate layer.
• Holes are drilled on the board and they
allow circuits on each side to be
connected.
• Electrical components on double-sided
PCBs can be mounted using the through-
hole or surface mount technology.
• The surface mount involves mounting the
component and soldering to the board.
• This type of PCB is the most common
type used by students and hobbyists.
Double-Sided PCBs
 Multilayer PCBs
• These PCBs further enlarges the density and complexity
of PCB designs by adding extra layers beyond the top &
bottom layers seen in a configuration of double-sided.
• With the accessibility of over many layers in a multilayer
printed circuit board configurations, multilayer PCBs let
designers make very thick and highly compound designs.
Multilayer PCBs
 Rigid PCBs
• A rigid PCB is basically a circuit board
that incorporates fiberglass.
• The integration of fiberglass ensures
that the PCB does not twist or get
deformed when applied.
• Rigid PCBs are usually used in
electronic devices that experience
regular use of have moving
components situated around them.
Rigid PCBs
 Flex PCBs
• These types of PCBs make use of
flexible boards or plastic as their
base.
• The ability of these PCBs to twist
plays an important role in certain
electronic devices where flexibility is
needed.
• Flex boards also come in single,
double-sided, and multi-layer format.
Flex PCBs
 Rigid-Flex PCBs
• These types of PCBs integrate both
the rigid and flexible formats earlier
discussed.
• A rigid-flex PCB simultaneously
consists of a rigid board attached to
a flexible board to form the complete
circuit
Rigid-Flex
PCBs
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD

A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to

mechanically support and electrically connect
electronic components using conductive
pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from
copper sheets laminated onto a non-
conductive substrate
 Materials Required
1. Copper clad board
2. Ferric chloride
3. Tray
4. Thinner
5. Marker
High level CAD flow for PCB Fabrication
Process
1. PCB Design
• Eagle
• Circuit maker
• PCB Wizard

2. CAD file preparation for Fabrication

• Circuit CAM

3. PCB Fabrication
• Board master
 PCB Art Design
• PCB design software are used to
design and create printed circuit
boards (PCBs).
• PCB design software allows users to
create a layout for a circuit board,
including placing components and
routing connections between them.
 Transferring artwork to PCB
• Cut both copper clad and printed paper to fit the artwork.
• Clean the surface of the copper clad with sandpaper.
• Screen printing: This is the most common method for creating the
silkscreen on a PCB. It involves using a fine mesh screen to transfer
the print onto the PCB.
 Etching
• Mix Ferric chloride till water turns almost black. Take care not to inhale the fumes.
• Clad turns brownish pink initially and after 5 - 20 minutes the clad will be etched depending
on the board size.
• After the copper is removed from portions other than mask is applied, rinse it in water.
 Drilling
• Drill holes in the drill pad itself.
• Any problem in alignment will result in inserting IC's into PCB difficult.
 Soldering
• Clean the component legs and PCB with sandpaper before soldering as oxide
layer on PCB results in cold solder.
• Use connectors for easy connections. Always mark the positive and ground
side with marker.
• Use standard colored wires for making supply and signal connections. Red for
positive and black for ground preferred.
• Choose wire size as per the standard wire gauge (SWG). It depends on how
much current flows through it.
• Preferably use multi strand wires for soldering as single strand wire breaks up
while handling PCB.
• While inserting jumpers, you can use single strand wires with insulation.
Advantages are, it prevents rusting in long run and accidental shorting of
components.
• You can check your soldering by trying to pull out the wires after wiring.
• Use the continuity test (using multimeter in diode mode) to make sure the
adjacent pins of IC's are not shorted while soldering.
• Clean the flux between pins.

• When to use flux?

Cleaning wire tips with sand paper is difficult.
Dip wire tips in solder flux before soldering.
PCB milling machines
Surface Mount Assembly Machine
Oven for soldering