RVSM OPERATIONS

• Reduced vertical separation minima (RVSM) is now the accepted method of

applying vertical separation between aircraft operating between FL290 and
FL410.
• Approval to operate RVSM must be noted in AOC.
• Crew must be trained in RVSM.

• Aircraft must be equipped with,

• A/TCAS
• An altitude reporting SSR system.
• an autopilot height lock with an altitude deviation alerting system (audio or visual).
ESTABLISHING MINIMUM FLIGHT
ALTITUDES
• Following factors to be considered,

• Accuracy of aircraft position

• Inaccuracies of the altimeters in use.
• Characteristics of terrain (sudden change in elevations)
• Severe turbulence and descending air currents.
• Possible inaccuracies in aeronautical charts.
• Correction for temperature and pressure variation from standard values.
• ATC requirements.
• Any foreseeable contingencies along the planned route.
CARRIAGE OF PERSONS WITH REDUCED
MOBILITY

• PRMs are defined as persons with restrictive mobility due to sensory

incapacity, intellectual deficiency, age, illness or any other reason.
• PRMs require special attention.
• Operators to establish procedures for the carriage of PRMs such that
their presence would not,
• Impede the crew in their duties.
• Obstruct access to emergency equipment.
• Impede the emergency evacuation of the aeroplane.
• Not to occupy seat next to emergency exits.
• Commander must be notified when PRMs are to be carried on board.
CARRIAGE
Carriage ofOF PERSONS Passengers,
Inadmissible WITH REDUCED
Deportees
or Persons in Custody
MOBILITY

• Inadmissible Passengers : A passenger carried in an aeroplane from a

destination State to which the passenger did not have right of access
(i.e., no visa, excluded from a visa waiver scheme, or no right of
residence).
• Deportee : A person subject to judicial deportation (legally expelled)
from a State to a State to which that person has right of
access/residence.
• Person in Custody : A person in the charge of a law enforcement
officer being escorted from one State to another for judicial reasons.
PASSENGER BRIEFINGS

• Verbal or audio visual briefing must be given to all passenger before

the flight commences.
• Briefing card for the use of emergency exits and equipment.
• Additionally the briefing before take off must cover,
• Smoking regulations and seat positions.
• Location of emergency exit and use of floor escape path markings.
• Restrictions on the use of portable electronic devices.
• Seat belt fastening and unfastening.
• Use of Oxygen equipment.
• Location and use of life jackets.
FLIGHT PREPARATION

• For each flight an operational flight plan (OPF) has to be formulated.

• Before commencing a flight, the commander must ensure that,

• Aeroplane is airworthy.
• Instrument and equipment as per MEL (minimum equipment list)
• Necessary parts of Operations manual are available in board.
• Documents required are on board.
• Current maps and charts are available
• requirements concerning fuel, oil, oxygen, minimum safe altitudes, AOM and
availability of diversion aerodromes can be complied with.
• The load is properly distributed and properly secured.
REFUELLING AND DEFUELLING

• Refueling of aero planes with AVGAS and JET-B (mixture of gasoline

and kerosene) is not permitted when passengers are on board,
embarking or disembarking.
• If other fuels are being used (e.g., Jet A1), then procedures are to be
established to ensure that the aeroplane is properly staffed by
qualified personnel, ready to initiate an immediate evacuation by the
most expeditious means.
CREW MEMBERS AT DUTY STATIONS

• Each member to be at their designated station for take off and

landing.
• During all other phases unless duty permits, all crew members need
to be alert and at the duty station
• At least one suitable qualified pilot has to be always at the controls.
• If unexpected fatigue is experienced, the commander may authorize a
rest period.
• All cabin crew are to be seated at their assigned stations during
critical phases of flight.
Seats, Safety Belts and Harnesses

• Each crew member shall be properly secured by all safety belts and
harnesses especially during take off and landing.
• Passengers : Each passenger has to occupy a seat and the seat belt (or
harness) has to be properly fastened before takeoff and landing,
during taxiing, and in the interest of safety, whenever deemed
necessary by the commander.
• Designated seats may be occupied by one adult and an infant if the
infant is properly secured by a supplemental loop belt or other
restraint. (Infant is a child under age of 24 months)
SMOKING

• The commander must prohibit smoking:

• whenever deemed necessary in the interest of safety.
• while the aeroplane is on the ground (unless permitted in
accordance with OM).
• outside designated smoking areas, in the aisles and in the
toilets.
• in cargo compartments or other areas where cargo carried is
not stored in flame resistant containers; and
• in cabin areas where oxygen is being supplied.
METEROLOGICAL CONDITONS – IFR/VFR

• For and IFR flight, Commander shall only commence take off when
information available indicates that the expected weather condition
at destination or alternate aerodromes are at or above planning
minima.

• For a VFR flight, the commander will only commence the flight when
the weather reports or forecasts indicate that the meteorological
conditions along the route (or the part of the route to be flown under
VFR) will permit flight under VFR.
FUEL POLICY

• Operator is required to establish a fuel policy for flight planning and re

planning.
• Ensure every flight carry sufficient fuel.
• Reserve fuel to cover any deviation from planned operation.
• Planning shall be based on procedures contained in the Operation
manual.
• Operating conditions will include realistic aeroplane fuel consumption,
anticipated masses, expected meteorological conditions and airspace
restrictions.
TOTAL FUEL (BLOCK / RAMP FUEL)

• Taxi fuel.
• Trip fuel.
• Reserve fuel consisting of,
• Contingency fuel
• Alternate fuel
• Final reserve fuel
• Additional fuel required by the type of operations.
• Extra fuel required by Commander.
USE OF SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN

• Cabin Pressure in excess of 10000 ft for a period of 30 mins or more,

All flight crew members performing essential duties to use
supplemental oxygen.

• and always, whenever the cabin altitude exceeds 13,000 ft

ACCIDENT AND SERIOUS INCIDENT REPORTING

• Commander shall notify the operator of any serious accident or

incident.

• Operator shall ensure that the authority of the state of the operator is
informed by the quickest means available

• The commander or the operator of an aeroplane shall submit a report

to the authority in the State of the Operator within 72 hours of the
occurrence of the accident or serious incident
AIR TRAFFIC INCIDENTS
• A commander shall inform air traffic unit concerned of the incident and
shall inform his/her intention to submit an air traffic incident report
after the flight has ended.

• A near collision with any other flying device.

• Faulty air traffic procedures or lack of compliance by ATS or crew.
• Failure of air traffic services facilities.

• ACAS Resolution Advisory : Commander shall submit an ACAS report

to the authority whenever and aircraft in flight has maneuvered in
response to an ACAS RA.
BIRD HAZARD AND STRIKES

• Commander to immediately inform the local ATS unit whenever a

potential bird hazard is observed.

• Commander to submit a written bird strike report after landing is

he/she is aware that bird strike has occurred.

• If the bird strike is discovered when the commander is not available,

the operator is responsible for submitting the report.
INSTRUMENT AND
EQUIPMENT
ITEMS NOT REQUIRING APPROVAL

• Fuses
• Torches
• Time pieces
• Chart Holders
• First aid kits and medical kits
• Megaphones
• Survival and pyrotechnic survival equipment
• Child restraint devices
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT FUSING

• Most circuit protection systems use circuit breaker rather than fuses.

• However if fuses are used there must be a supply of replacement

fuses to be replaced in flight.

• At least 10% of each type and fuse rating.

• Not less than 3 of each.

WINDSHIELD WIPERS

• Wind shield wipers or an equivalent means of clearing precipitation

are required to be fitted to each pilot station if the MTOM is greater
than 5700 kg

• Maximum operating speed for wiper is 230 KIAS on airbus family

aircraft.

• Above this speed pilot should avoid activating them as they could
break free from the aircraft.
EQUIPMENT FOR VISUAL FLIGHT RULES

• Magnetic heading Indicator.

• Time in Hours, minutes and seconds.
• Pressure altitude calibrated in feet with a subscale setting in Hpa.
• Airspeed Calibrated in Knots.
• Vertical speed.
• Turn coordinator incorporating a slip indicator.
• Attitude Indicator.
• OAT calibrated in Degree celcius.
NIGHT VFR

• An aeroplane shall not be operated under night VFR unless it has,

• A standby altimeter.
• An airspeed indicating system with heated pitot tube or equivalent means for
preventing malfunctioning caused by either condensation or icing, including for
aeroplanes > 5,700 kg MTOM or > 9 passenger seats certified since 1st April
1998, a warning indication of pitot heater failure.
• Two independent static pressure systems, except that for propeller driven
aeroplanes with maximum certificated takeoff mass of 5,700 kg or less, one
static pressure system and one alternate source of static pressure is allowed
• A chart holder in an easily readable position which can be illuminated for night
operations
ALTITUDE ALERTING SYSTEM

• An operator shall not operate a turbine propeller powered aeroplane

with a maximum certificated takeoff mass in excess of 5,700 kg or
having a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more
than 9 seats or a turbojet powered aeroplane unless it is equipped
with an altitude alerting system capable of:

• alerting the flight crew upon approaching a preselected

altitude.
• alerting the flight crew by at least an aural signal, when
deviating from a preselected altitude.
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)/Terrain
Awareness Warning System (TAWS)

• Too many lives have been lost by CFIT.

• Pilots are responsible for terrain clearance unless radar vectored.
• A GPWS fitted to an aeroplane can give a warning to the pilots that
the aeroplane is getting too close to the ground.
• An enhanced GPWS (EGPWS or TAWS) includes a predictive terrain
hazard warning function and is required to be fitted to all turbine
powered CAT aero planes with MTOM greater than 5,700 kg or
approved passenger seating of more than 9.
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)/Terrain
Awareness Warning System (TAWS)

• The GPWS is required to provide automatic warnings by aural and

visual indications of the following circumstances:

• Sink rate.
• Ground proximity.
• Altitude loss after take off or go around.
• Incorrect landing configuration.
• Downward glideslope deviation.
ACAS
• There must be an Airbourne collision avoidance system,

• For all turbine powered aero planes > 5700 kg MTOM

• Having more than 19 passenger seats.

• Pilots are to make sure that ACAS RA are smoothly and immediately
responded to, even if this conflicts with the ATC instructions.