ENGINEERING

MECHANICS
Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
Marvin S. Benedicto, RSE, Meng’g EnE
What is Engineering Mechanics?

Engineering Mechanics is defined as

the science which describes and predicts
the conditions of rest or motion of bodies
under the action of forces.
What is Engineering Mechanics?

It consists of the mechanics of rigid

bodies, mechanics of deformable bodies,
and mechanics of fluids.
Mechanics of Rigid Bodies
The mechanics of rigid bodies is subdivided into statics
and dynamics.
Statics is a branch of Engineering Mechanics in which we
consider the effects and distribution of forces on rigid bodies
which are and remain at rest.
Dynamics is a branch of Engineering Mechanics in which we
consider the various motions of rigid bodies and the
correlation of these motions with .the forces causing them
SCALAR AND VECTOR
SCALAR AND VECTOR
◦ Space - It is a region in all directions encompassing the universe. It is a
geometric position occupied by bodies. These positions are describe by
linear or angular measurements with reference to a defined system of co-
ordinates.
◦ Time - Time is a measurement to measure a duration between successive
events. In the study of statics time does not play important role. In
dynamics time is very important parameter. In all system of units, unit of
time is second.
◦ Particle - A particle is ideally dimensionless. But it has a very small mass.
◦ Rigid body - No body is perfectly rigid, however rigid body is defined as
a body in which particles do not change their relative positions under the
action of any force or torque. Rigid body is ideal body. When the body
does not deform under the action of A force or A torque, body is said rigid.
◦ Deformable body - When a body deforms due to A force or A torque it is
said deformable body. Material generates stresses against deformation.
◦Force - Force is an agent, which generates or tends to generate and destroy or
tends to destroy the motion in a body.
Characteristics of a force
◦It has a magnitude
◦It has a direction
◦It is a vector quantity
◦It has a point of application
◦It has a nature
◦Tensile force
◦Compressive force
◦Pull force
◦Push force
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
When two or more forces act on a body, they are called to for a system of forces.
 Coplanar forces - The forces, whose lines of action lie on the same plane, are known as
coplanar forces.
 Collinear forces - The forces, whose lines of action lie on the same line, are known as collinear
forces.
 Concurrent forces - The forces, which meet at one point, are known as concurrent forces. The
concurrent forces may or may not be collinear.
 Coplanar concurrent forces - The forces, which meet at one point and their line of action also
lay on the same plane, are known as coplanar concurrent forces.
 Coplanar non-concurrent forces - The forces, which do not meet at one point, but their lines
of action lie on the same, are known as coplanar non-concurrent forces.
 Non-Coplanar concurrent forces - The forces, which meet at one point, but their lines of
action do not lie on the same plane, are known as non-coplanar concurrent forces.
 Non-Coplanar non-concurrent forces - The forces, which do not meet at one point and their
lines of action do not lie on the same plane, are called non-coplanar non-concurrent forces.
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
A force diagram, which is also known as a free body
diagram, is a sketch in which all the force vectors
acting on an object are drawn with their initial points
at the location of the object
Type of Symbo
Description of Force
Force l
Applied An applied force is a force that is applied to an object by a
Fapp
Force person or another object.
The force of gravity is the force with which the earth, moon, or
Gravitation other massively large object attracts another object towards
Fgrav
al Force itself. By definition, this is the weight of the object.
Normal The normal force is the support force exerted upon an object
Fnorm
Force that is in contact with another stable object.
Friction The friction force is the force exerted by a surface as an object
Ffrict moves across it or makes an effort to move across it.
Force
Air The air resistance is a special type of frictional force that acts
Resistance Fair upon objects as they travel through the air.
Force
The tension force is the force that is transmitted through a
Tension
Ftens string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled tight by forces
Force
acting from opposite ends.
Spring The spring force is the force exerted by a compressed or
Fspring stretched spring upon any object that is attached to it.
Force
FREE BODY DIAGRAM
A force diagram, which is also known as a free body
diagram, is a sketch in which all the force vectors
acting on an object are drawn with their initial points
at the location of the object
Practice
A book is at rest on a tabletop.
Practice
A gymnast holding onto a bar, is
suspended motionless in mid air. The bar
is supported by two ropes that attach to
the ceiling. Diagram the forces acting on
the combination of gymnast and bar.
Practice
An egg is free falling from a nest in a tree.
Neglect air resistance.
Resultant Force
If number of Forces acting simultaneously on a particle, it is
possible to find out a single force which could replace them or
produce the same effect as of all the given forces is called
resultant force.
1. Parallelogram Law of Forces (For 2 Forces)
2. Triangle Law (For 2 Forces)
3. Lami‟s theorem (For 3 forces)
4. Method of resolution (For more than 2 Forces)
Find resultant of a force system shown in Figure
Find resultant of a force system shown in Figure