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Generic Earth Directional Relay Io Dir, Io Dir (IOC, UMZ) Relay

The document describes two methods - P,cos(phi) and ph-comp - for determining the direction of earth faults used in the generic earth directional relay model Dir-Iog-Iogg. The P,cos(phi) method calculates active and reactive power to determine the forward or reverse direction using voltage and current measurements. The ph-comp method compares the angle between the zero-sequence voltage and current to the maximum torque angle setting. Both methods check that the current and voltage measurements exceed set points to indicate a fault.

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55 views2 pages

Generic Earth Directional Relay Io Dir, Io Dir (IOC, UMZ) Relay

The document describes two methods - P,cos(phi) and ph-comp - for determining the direction of earth faults used in the generic earth directional relay model Dir-Iog-Iogg. The P,cos(phi) method calculates active and reactive power to determine the forward or reverse direction using voltage and current measurements. The ph-comp method compares the angle between the zero-sequence voltage and current to the maximum torque angle setting. Both methods check that the current and voltage measurements exceed set points to indicate a fault.

Uploaded by

bauhaus10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Generic earth directional relay Io>dir, Io>>dir (IOC, UMZ)

Relay
It’s a generic relay model providing two directional controlled earth short circuit protection functions
(67N, IOC).

Model Dir-Iog-Iogg (watt)

The directional measurement work like the ‘watt metric’ method. It calculates
a) Method: P,cos(phi) P0 = Real Part ( 3U0’ * 3I0*) , active power
b) Method: Q,sin(phi) Q0 = Imaginary Part ( 3U0’ * 3I0*), reactive power

With:
3U 0 '   3U 0

Further the directional relay detects a forward or reverse fault only if the measured earth current 3I0
multiplied with the cos(phi) or sin(phi) is greater as operating current setting ( see ‘Voltage Polarizing)
page ) and the active power ( P0 ) or reactive power (Q0) is greater than zero.

a) Method: P,cos(phi) -> Iop < 3I0 * cos(phi) and P0 > 0


b) Method: Q,sin(phi) -> Iop < 3I0 * sin(phi) and Q0 > 0 (capacitive power is positive)

3U0’ forward

φ 3I0
Iop (setting)

capacitive inductive

reverse

For P,cos(phi) and MTA (max. torque angle) = 0°

The directional unit is sending a forward and a reverse signal to the over current units ‘Io>dir’ and
‘Io>>dir’. For each over current unit it is possible to setup the direction option:
a) None : for non-directional tripping
b) Forward: for forward directional tripping
c) Reverse: for reverse directional tripping

The nominal current and nominal voltage can be setup in the ‘Measure’ slot (1A or 5A e.g. 100,110 or
120V ). All current settings are defined in p.u. ( x In ). The delay can be set in the corresponding units
(I>dir,I>>dir) in seconds.

The relay model needs a single phase ( phase 1 = ‘N’ ) current transformer and a open delta voltage
transformer ( secondary winding = ‘O’, for open delta ) to measure the ground current 3I0 and the
ground voltage 3U0.
Model Dir-Iog-Iogg (ph-comp)

The directional measurement detects the direction with the help of a phase comperator.
It calculates the angle between the zero-sequence voltage (3U0) and the zero-sequence current (3I0)

F o rw a rd R e v e rs e

A n g le O p e ra tin g S e c to r 3U 0

M TA
phi

3U 0'

3 I0

The zero-sequence voltage is rotated by 180 deg:

j  (180  MTA )
3U 0 '  3U 0  e for MTA; „leading“

j  (180  MTA )
3U 0 '  3U 0  e for MTA; „lagging“

MTA = maximum torque angle setting

The angle between the voltage is measured:

Error! Not a valid link.

The magnitude of the calculated angle phi is compared with the “Angle operation sector”:
Forward  phi  SectorAngl e -> forward fault

For checking the reverse fault is the zero-sequence current rotated by 180 deg.

Additionally checks the unit if the voltage is higher as the voltage set point and the current is higher as
the current set point.
With the option “I,cos(phi) = “always enabled” checks the unit if I*cos(phi) > current setpoint

F o rw a rd R e v e rs e

A n g le O p e ra tin g S e c to r 3U 0

M TA
phi

3U 0'
3 I0
3 I0 *c o s (p h i)

3 I0 (s e t p o in t)

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