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Turbo Machine Introduction IITM

The document provides an introduction to turbomachines. It defines turbomachines as devices that transfer energy between a continuously flowing fluid and a rotating impeller through dynamic action. Turbomachines are classified based on whether they absorb or produce power, the working fluid, flow type (compressible or incompressible), and flow direction (axial, radial, or mixed). Common examples of turbomachines are given like pumps, fans, gas and steam turbines. Positive displacement machines are contrasted which use physical barriers to move fluid.

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216 views

Turbo Machine Introduction IITM

The document provides an introduction to turbomachines. It defines turbomachines as devices that transfer energy between a continuously flowing fluid and a rotating impeller through dynamic action. Turbomachines are classified based on whether they absorb or produce power, the working fluid, flow type (compressible or incompressible), and flow direction (axial, radial, or mixed). Common examples of turbomachines are given like pumps, fans, gas and steam turbines. Positive displacement machines are contrasted which use physical barriers to move fluid.

Uploaded by

dndndn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 29

2

Turbomachines: An
Introduction

1
Text Book & References:
a) Gopalakrishnan, G. & Prithvi Raj, D., “ A Treatise on
turbomachines”, Scitech Publications, 2002.

b) Dixon, S.L., “Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of turbomachines”, 5th


Edition, Butterworth-Hinemann, 2005.

c) Sayers, A. T., "Hydraulic and Compressible Flow Turbomachines", McGraw


Hill, 1990.

d) Kadambi, V. and Manohar Prasad, "An Introduction to Energy Conversion


Vol. III: Turbomachinery", 7th Reprint, Wiley Eastern, 1997.

e) Jagdish Lal, "Hydraulic Machines", 6th Edition, Metropolitan Book, 1975.

2
Fluid Machines:
Application of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics
 Involves transfer of energy between fluid and a machine

Fluid Machines

Positive displacement Turbomachines


(Rotodynamic machines)3
Positive displacement machine:
DELIVERY VALVE
(CLOSED)
PISTON

SUCTION VALVE
(OPEN)
4
What type of pump is this?
Positive displacement, or,
Turbomachine
5
6
Turbomachines:
 There is no mechanical barrier between the inlet and outlet ports
for the fluid.
 Absence of a physical barrier can cause leakage flow from high
to low pressure sides. So the operating pressure range is limited.

 Flow here is continuous

 Transfer of energy by means of dynamic action as opposed to


positive displacement machines.

e.g. centrifugal pump, fan, blower, Pelton, Francis, Kaplan


turbines, steam or gas turbines.

7
Some common examples of turbomachines:

IMPELLER

Cut-section of a pump

8
IMPELLER

9
Centrifugal Pump

Flow Out

Flow In Impeller
10
Francis Turbine

11
Francis Turbine Shaft

Impeller Adjustable Guide Blade

Spiral Casing

Draft Tube

12
Kaplan Turbine

13
Radiator fan used in cars

Fan
14
Kaplan Turbine Regulating shaft for impeller
Shaft blades

Adjustable Guide Blade


Spiral Casing
Adjustable impeller
blade

Draft tube

15
Kaplan Turbine

16
17
Marine Propeller

18
Windmill
19
Impeller blades

Stationary
blades

Axial compressor 20
Open type and Closed type Impeller

Closed type
Open type

21
Closed
type impeller

Semi-open
type impeller

22
Turbomachines:
Definition: Turbomachine is a device where energy is
transferred either from or to a continuously flowing fluid by
the dynamic action of one or more rotating blade rows.
Classification:
a) Based on mode of transfer of energy:
shaft power fluid: e.g. pumps, fans, blowers or compressors
[POWER ABSORBING DEVICE]
fluid shaft power: e.g. steam, gas or hydraulic turbines
[POWER PRODUCING DEVICE]
b) Based on working medium:
 deals with liquids in general, and water in particular. e.g.
pumps, hydraulic turbines
 deals with vapours and gases in general and air in particular. e.g.
gas turbine, steam turbine, compressor, blower, fan 23
Classification:
c) Based on type of flow:

incompressible flow: liquids and gas at low Mach Number


[hydro-turbomachnies, commerical blowers, fans]
compressible flow: gas at high Mach Number [e.g. high-speed,
high pressure-ratio compressors]

d) Direction of flow:

Irrespective of the flow medium, turbo-machines are classified


as radial, mixed and axial flow ones depending on the flow
path taken by the medium.

24
Axial flow machines: Here the fluid flows parallel to the axis
inside the impeller/rotating blades. Compressors of turbojet
engines, fans, axial flow pump, Kaplan turbine and steam
turbines are representatives of axial-flow types.

25
Radial flow machines: Here the flow, passing through the
vane passage of the impeller, is in a radial direction.

26
Mixed flow machines: Here the flow path is not fully along
radial or axial directions. e.g. some types of Francis turbines.

27
Some concepts

Inlet

Mixed –flow Compressor Stage

28
Thank You

29

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