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Lab Sheet

This document provides instructions for a lab experiment on sand testing preparation for green sand used in sand casting. The objectives are to measure the green compression strength and permeability of the molding material, analyze their relationship, and predict defects from improper strength and permeability. Students will prepare standardized test specimens, test them for strength and permeability, record results, analyze the relationship between the two properties, and discuss safety considerations and potential casting defects related to mold material properties.

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shahril shaharoni
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60 views3 pages

Lab Sheet

This document provides instructions for a lab experiment on sand testing preparation for green sand used in sand casting. The objectives are to measure the green compression strength and permeability of the molding material, analyze their relationship, and predict defects from improper strength and permeability. Students will prepare standardized test specimens, test them for strength and permeability, record results, analyze the relationship between the two properties, and discuss safety considerations and potential casting defects related to mold material properties.

Uploaded by

shahril shaharoni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Manufacturing Processes Lab – MEM564 (March 2020)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA


FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL
UiTM (Pulau Pinang)

Program : Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (Manufacturing)(Hons.) (EM241)


Course : Manufacturing Processes Laboratory
Course Code : MEM564

LAB SHEET NO : 2.2

Manufacturing Processes Laboratory

1.0 TITLE: Sand Testing Preparation (Green Sand)

2.0 OBJECTIVE

a. To measures the green compression strength and permeability of moulding material of


sand casting.
b. To analyze the relationship between green compression strength and permeability of
molding material.
c. To predict the potential defect which may occur from improper strength and permeability
of mold material.

3.0 INTRODUCTION (Background & Theory)


3.1 Green Compression Strength

Green compression strength refers to the stress required to rupture the sand specimen under
compressive loading. The sand specimen required to rupture the sand specimen under
compressive loading. The sand specimen is then taken out of the specimen tube and is
immediate (any delay causes the drying of the sample which increases the strength ) put on
the strength testing machine and the force required to cause the compression failure is
determined. The green strength of sand is generally in the range of 0.03 to 0.16 MPa.
Manufacturing Processes Lab – MEM564 (March 2020)

3.2 Permeability

The rate in cc/min at which air will pass through the standard compression specimen is used
as an index of permeability Standard permeability is determined by measuring the time
necessary for 2000 cm3 of air to pass through the standard specimen while it is confined in the
specimen tube and under a pressure of 10 gm/cm2 if the time is determined the permeability
number can be calculated from the formula:
P= (V. H)/(p. A. T)

where; V: volume of air = 2000 cm3

H: height of sand specimen = 2 inches


P: pressure = 10 gm/cm2
A: cross sectional area of the sand specimen =1in2
T: time, sec, for 2000 cm3 air to pass through specimen

The formula reduces to AFS Permeability :

P = 3000.7 for old machine working with Hg


T(sec)

The formula reduces to AFS Permeability For Rıdsdale-Dieter:

P= 30557 . = 30557
air pressure in cm of water x time in (sec) pxt

4.0 APPARATUS
4.01 MATERIALS
Silica Sand, Coal Dust, Bentonite, Water.
4.02 EQUIPMENT
Permeability Machine, Sand Rammer, Universal Sand Strength Testing Machine.
4.03 HAND TOOLS
Specimen Tube, Ruler.
4.1 INDUSTRIAL APPARATUS

5.0 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE


5.1 Standard Test Specimen Preparation:
Since the strength of a moulding sand depends greatly on its degree of ramming, the
condition of moulding the standard test sample must be carefully controlled. In laboratory
work, reproducing ramming conditions are achieved by the use of a standard sand rammer
and specimen tube accessories. The sand (6.375 to 7.25 kg) is placed in the specimen tube
Manufacturing Processes Lab – MEM564 (March 2020)

and rammed by impact with three blows of a standard weight. The ramming device is
manually operated and the weight is dropped from a height of 50.8 ± 0.125 mm. Three rams
should produce a specimen 50.8 ± 0.8 mm in height and to produce this size of specimen this
size of specimen usually sand of 145 to 175 g would be required. To obtain this height, the
weight of the sand should be adjusted. Specimen weight in grams, multiplied by 0.97 x 10-2
gives the bulk of the sand in gm/cm3. The specimen is removed from the tube by means of a
stripping post.

(Describe the safety, environmental issue or any code of practice related to the method to conduct the
experiment.)

6.0 RESULTS & DATA ANALYSIS

7.0 DISCUSSION OF RESULT

i. Briefly explains the Green Compression Strength.


ii. Briefly explains the permeability.
iii. Tabulate the result using table
iv. Use graph to show the relationship between strength and permeability
v. (Discuss the impact /effect of the experiment to the safety, health and environmental)

8.0 CONCLUSION

Describe the relationship between strength and permeability


Discuss possible defect which may occur from improper setting of strength and permeability.

9.0 RECOMMENDATION

Recognize a need for improvement/modification in the system. Recommend and incorporate


innovative ideas in the experimental work or set-up

10.0 REFERENCES

State all the references that you have been used in order to complete this report.

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