CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME

STEP - 5
Periodic Properties
Valence electrons : Remains same in group and increases from left to right in a period.
Valency - Remains same in group, in periods first increases upto 4 and then decreases to 0.
Atomic size : Increases from top to bottom and decreases from left to right.
Metallic character - Increases from top to bottom and decreases from left to right.
Chemical reactivity :
For metals - Increases from top to bottom in a group. Decreases left to right in a period.
For non metals - Increases from left to right in a period, decreases from top to bottom in a group.

STEP - 6
Finding position of elements :
In the electronic configuration of an element, outermost orbit represents period number
Valence electrons represents group number (Modern numbers)
upto group number 12 then, 10 + valence electrons from group 13 to 18)

PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS - QUICK REVIEW

EARLIER ATTEMPTS
Lavoisier’s Classification :
Elements were divided into two groups, metals and non - metals.
Dobereiner’s Triads :
Here elements were classified into a group of three elements and atomic mass of the middle element
was roughly the average of the atomic masses of other two elements.
Limitations of Dobereiner’s :
Dismilar elements ae placed as triods similar elements are not placed as triads
Newlands’ Law of Octaves :
It states that when the known elements were arranged in the increasing order of their atomic mass,
every eighth element had properties similar to first one.
Periodicity : The repetition of properties of elements at regular intervals is called as periodicity. The
main cause of periodicity is the repetition of valence electronic configuration of elements at regular
intervals.
Limitations of New lands law of octaves
i) It is applicable only upto ‘Ca’.
ii) Newlands assumed that only 56 elements existed in nature
iii) In order to fit elements into his table, he put even two elements together in one slot and that too
in the column of unlike elements having very different properties.
Note :- Dobereiner’s triads also exist in the columns of Newlands classification of elements.
Ex : Li, Na, K.
Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 11
X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
It is based on Mendeleev periodic law which states that the properties of the elements are the periodic
functions of their atomic masses. It contains 8 groups and 6 periods.
Merits :
Ø Presence of gap for undiscovered elements
Ø Correction in atomic mass of few elements
Ø Prediction of properties of element.
Limitations :
Ø Position of hydrogen
Ø Placing of isotopes
Ø Uncertainty in atomic masses
Anomalous pairs : Few elements are arranged against to mendeleev’s periodic law.
Ex : i) Ar, K ii) Co, Ni iii) Te, I etc.
Ø Cause of periodicity
Advantages :
Correction of atomic masses : Mendeleev’s corrected the atomic mass of few elements by using the
expression. Atomic weight = equivalent weight × valency. Ex : Be, In, Au etc.

MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

It is based on modern periodic law which states that the properties of the elements are the periodic
function of their atomic numbers.
It contains 18 groups and 7 periods.
Groups :
Groups number Common name
IA Group elements Alkali Metals
IIA Group elements Alkaline Earth Metals
IIIA Group elements Boron family
IVA Group elements Carbon family
VA Group elements Nitrogen family (pnictogens)
VIA Group elements Oxygen Family (Chalcogens)
VIIA Group elements Halogens
VIIIA Group elements Noble gases / Inert gases / Aerogens / Zero group elements
Periods :
Periods : There are 7 horizontal rows in the periodic table. These are called periods.
First Period : It contains only two elements Hydrogen and Helium. So, it is called the ‘shortest
period’.
Second Period : It contains 8 elements Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne.
Third Period : It contains 8 elements Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar.
The second and the third periods are called ‘Short periods’.
12 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME

Fourth Period : It contains 18 elements from K to Kr (Z = 19 to 36).

Fifth Period : It contains 18 elements from Rb to Xe (Z = 37 to 54).
The fourth and fifth periods are called ‘Long periods’.
Sixth Period : It contains 32 elements from Cs to Rn and is called the ‘Longest period’
(Z = 55 to 86).
Seventh period : It contains 32 elements from Fr to Og and is called the ‘Longest period’
(Z = 87 to 118).
Features :
Ø More detailed
Ø Have a separate group
Ø Position of isotopes is clear.
Ø Elements are operated by definite gap of atomic number (or) electronic configuration
Ø Provides a unique position to hydrogen.
Periodic Properties :
These are the properties which show a regular trend along a period and in group.
Valency :
Ø It is combining tendency of an element to achieve inert gas configuration.
Ø Valency = group no. (for 1, 2 group)
Ø Valency = group no. - 10 (for 13 and 14 group ) = 18 - group no. (for rest of the groups).
Ø It remains same in a group.
Ø In a period, it first increases upto 4 and then decreases to 0
Iso electronic species : The species which have same number of electrons are called as Iso electronic
species.
Ex :- Na+, Mg+2, Al+3 (or) N–3, O–2, F–1.
Covalency : The number of electron pairs shared between two atoms during covalent bond formation
is called covalency.
Electrovalency : The number of electrons transfered during the formation of ionic bond is called
electrovalency.
Atomic size :
Ø It shows the distance between the nucleus and valence shell.
Ø It decreases along a period from left to right but increases down a group.
Metallic Character :
Ø It is the tendency to lose electron and form a positive ion.
Ø It decreases along a period and increases on moving down a group.
The metals with
Low melting and boiling points is - Cs, Ga, Na, K etc.
High melting and boiling points is - W, Hg, Fe etc.

Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 13

X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE
Non - metallic Character :
Ø It is the tendency to gain one or more electron(s) to form a negative ion.
Ø It increases along a period and decreases on moving down a group due to increase in size.
Nature of Oxides :
Ø Oxides of metals are basic and non - metals are acidic.
Ø The acidic nature of oxides increases along a period from left to right and decreases on moving
down a group.
Ø The basic nature of oxides follow the reverse order of acidic nature.
Basic oxides : Metallic oxides shows basic nature. Ex : MgO, Na2O, K2O etc.
Acidic oxide : Nonmetallic oxides shows acidic nature. Ex : CO2, SO2, SO3, P2O5 etc.
Neutral oxides : Some of the nonmetallic oxides doesnot show either acidic or basic nature such are
neutral oxides. Ex : N2O, CO, H2O etc.
Amphoteric oxides :- The oxides which can show both acidic and basic nature are called amphoteric
oxide. Ex : Al2O3, ZnO etc.
Reactivity :
w In case of metals, it increases on moving down a group.
w In case of non - metals it decreases on moving down a group.
Electronegativity:
w It is the relative electron attracting tendency of an atom for a shared electron pair in a covalent
bond with other atom.
w It increases along a period from left to right and decreases on moving down a group.
The list of elements which shows highest and least trends.
Periodic property Highest/Most Least/low
Atomic size Cesium Helium
Ionisation potential Helium Cesium
Electronegativity Fluorine Cesium
Electropositivity Cesium Fluorine
Electron affinity Chlorine Inert gases (Rn)
Metallic nature Cesium Fluorine
Nonmetallic nature Fluorine Cesium
Basic nature of oxides Cesium Fluorine
Acidic nature of oxides Fluorine Cesium
Valency / Oxidation number Osmium & Ruthinium Carbon (C–4 in CH4)
Valence electrons Inert gases Alkali metals
Chemical reactivity Metal-cesium Inert gases
Nonmetal - Fluorine

14 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME
FINDING POSITION OF ELEMENTS.
Finding Location of Elements in Periodic Table with Examples
a) Finding Period of Elements : Period of the element is equal to highest energy level of electrons or
principal quantum number. Look at following examples for better understanding;
16S : 1s22s22p63s23p4, 3 is the highest energy level of electrons or principal quantum number. Thus
period of S is 3.
2 2 6 2 6 2 4
23Cr : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d , 4 is the highest energy level of electrons or principal quantum number.
Thus period of Cr is 4.
b) Finding Group of Elements : Group of element is equal to number of valence electrons of element o r
number of electrons in the highest energy level of elements. Another way of finding group of element is
looking at sub shells. If last sub shell of electron configuration is "s" or "p", then group becomes A.
19K : 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Since last sub shell is "s" group of K is A.
35Br : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5 Since last sub shell is "p" group of Br is A.
Elements in group B have electron configuration ns and (n-1)d, total number of electrons in these
orbitals gives us group of element. Look at following examples.
26Fe : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6 6 + 2 = 8 B group
Here are some clues for you to find group number of elements.
Last Orbital Group
ns1 - I A ns2 - II A ns2np1 - III A ns2np2 - IV A
ns2np3 - V A ns2np4 - VI A ns2np5 - VII A ns2np6 - VIII A
Last Orbital Group
ns2(n-1)d1 - III B ns2(n-1)d2 - IV B ns2(n-1)d3 - V B ns2(n-1)d4 or ns1(n-1)d5 - VI B
ns2(n-1)d5 - VII B ns2(n-1)d6 - VIII B ns2(n-1)d7 - VIII B ns2(n-1)d8 - VIIIB
ns2(n-1)d9 or ns1(n-1)d10 - I B ns2(n-1)d10 - II B
Example : Find period and group of 16X.
2 2 6 2 4
16X : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
3rd period and 2 + 4 = 6 A group
Example : Find period and group of 24X.
2 2 6 2 6 1 5
24X : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
4th Period and 4 + 2 = 6 B group
Groups and Periods of elements are found according to their neutral states. Ions and isotopes of
elements are not shown in periodic table.
Example 1 : If X+2 ion has 10 electrons, find its group and period number.
Number of protons = 10 + 2 = 12
In neutral element, number of proton is equal to number of electrons. Thus, X has 12 electrons in
neutral state. We write electron configuration according to neutral state of element.
12X = 1s22s22p63s2
Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 15
X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE
Period number is 3
Group number is 2 and group is A(last orbital is "s")
Example 2 : If electron configuration of X+5 is 1s22s22p63s23p6, which one of the following statements
are true for X element.
I) Period number of X is 4 and it is transition element
II) X is metal
III) Valence electrons of X are in "s" and "d"
Neutral X element has electron configuration
X: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3
X is in 4. period and 3 + 2 = 5 B group.
Thus, it is metal and all the statements I, II and III are true.
Example 3 : Locations of elements X, Y, Z, T and U are given in the picture below. Which one of
the following statement are false for these elements.

x z
y
t
u

I) X is alkaline metal
II) Y is in p block
III) Z is halogens
IV) U is lanthanide
V) T is noble gas
Since X is in 1A group, it is alkaline metal, I is true.
Y is in III A group an it is in p block. II is true.
Z is in VII A group and we know it is halogens. III is true
U is in d block and it is transition element not lanthanide, IV. is false
T is in VIII A group an it is noble gas, V is also true.
Important elements :
Liquid metal - Mercury
Liquid Nonmetal - Bromine
Gaseous elements - H2, N2, Cl2, F2, Cl2 etc.
Metalloids - B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
Inert gases - He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn.
Lanthanides - 58Ce to 71Lu
Actinides - 90Th to 103Lr.

16 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME

PART - I
PRIORITY - I

I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING :

1. What were the limitations of Dobereiner’s classification ? (Q.No – 2, P – 57) 3M
2. What were the limitations of Newlands law of octaves ? (Q.No – 3, P – 57) 3M
3. What are eka elements ? Give examples with their present names. 3M

II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :

4. Besides Gallium which two other elements have since been discovered that fill the groups left by
Mendeleev in creating his periodic table ? (Q.No – 1, P – 58) 2M
5. What was the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his periodic table? (Q.No – 6, P – 58) 2M

III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :

6. What is an isotope ? Why it became difficult to adjust isotopes in the Mendeleev’s table ? Could
isobars be easily adjusted in the Mendeleev’s table ? 3M

IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :

7. The atomic masses of three elements X, Y and Z having similar chemical properties are 7, 23 and 39
respectively. (Q.No – 2, P – 60) 4M
a) Calculate the average atomic mass of elements X and Z.
b) How does the average atomic mass of elements X and Z compare with the atomic mass of element Y?
c) Which law of classification of elements is illustrated by this example ?
d) What could the elements X, Y and Z be ?

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

8. In Mendeleev’s periodic table the elements were arranged in the increasing order of their atomic
masses. However cobalt with atomic mass 58.93 u was placed before nickel having an atomic mass
of 58.71 u. Give reason for the same. 3M
9. Why did Mendeleev’s leave some gaps in his periodic table ? (Q.No – 3, P – 61) 2M

PRIORITY - II

I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING :

1. Did Dobereiner’s triads also exist in the columns of Newland’s octaves ? Compare and find out ?
(Q.No – 1, P – 57) 2M
2. What are anomalies (limitations) of Mendeleeff’s classification of elements 3M

Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 17

X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE
II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :
3. On the basis of electronic configuration, how will you select 3M
i) The terminating member in a period
ii) The chemically similar elements.
4. a) State the position of (a) metals (b) non - metals, and (c) metalloids in the periodic table. 4M
(Q.No – 3 (b), P – 64)
b) In Mendeleev’s periodic table why there was no mention of noble gases llike helium, neon and
argon ? (Q.No – 2, P – 61)
c) Would you place the two isotopes of chlorine, Cl - 35 and Cl - 37 in different slots because of
their different atomic masses or in the same slot because their chemical properties are the same?
Justify your answer. (Q.No – 1, P – 60)

III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :

5. Mendeleev predicted the existence of two elements and named them as Eka-Silicon and
Eka - Aluminium (Q.No – 1, P – 59)
i) Name the elements which took over their positions at later stage. 3M
ii) Name the group at which these elements belong and also give their electronic configuration.
iii) Predict the valencies of these elements.

IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :

6. A part of the early classification of elements has been given below : 2M
H Li Be B C N O (Q.No – 1, P – 60)
F Na Mg Al Si P S
a) Which law of classification of elements is illustrated by the above arrangement of elements ?
b) Name the scientist who proposed such a classification of elements
c) Why is such a classification of elements compared with a characteristic of musical scale ?
d) State one limitation of the classification of elements.

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

7. Can the following groups of elements be classified as Dobereiner’s triad ? 3M
a) Na, Si, Cl
b) Be, Mg, Ca [Atomic mass of Be 9; Na 23; Mg 24; Si 28, Cl 35; Ca 40]
Explain by giving reason.

PRIORITY - III
I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING :
1. Write the formulae of chlorides of Eka - silicon and Eka - aluminium the elements perdicted by
Mendeleev. 2M
18 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME
2. Use Mendeleev’s periodic table to predict the formulae for the oxides of the elements: K, C, Al, Si, Ba.
(Q.No – 4, P – 58) 3M

II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :

3. Why do you think that the noble gases should be placed in a separate group ?
(Q.No – 2, P – 58) 3M
4. Which physical and chemical properties of the elements were used by Mendeleev in creating his
periodic table ? List two observations which posed a challenge to Mendeleev’s periodic law
(Q.No – 5, P – 59) 3M

III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :

5. The densities of calcium(Ca) and Barium (Ba) are 1.55 and 3.50 gcm–3 respectively. Based on
Dobereiner’s law of triads can you give the approximate density of strontium (Sr)? 3M
(Q.No – 2, P – 60)

IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :

6. The atomic masses of three elements X, Y and Z having similar chemical properties are 7, 23 and 39
respectively. (Q.No – 2, P – 60) 4M
a) Calculate the average atomic mass of elements X and Z.
b) How does the average atomic mass of elements X and Z compare with the atomic mass of
element Y?
c) Which law of classification of elements is illustrated by this example ?
d) What could the elements X, Y and Z be ?

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

7. What is your understanding about Ea2O3, EsO2? (Q.No – 4, P – 61) 3M

PART - II
PRIORITY - I

I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING :

1. How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the modern periodic table ?
(Q.No – 2, P – 62) 2M
2. Compare and contrast the arrangement of elements in Mendeleev’s periodic table and the modern
periodic table. (Q.No – 3, P – 62) 3M/4M
3. Why do all elements of the same group have similar properties ? 3M
4. a) An element has electronic configuration 2,8, 3. Explain its position in the modern periodic table.
b) How many elements are there in first and second period of the periodic table ? 3M

Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 19

X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE

5. What is meant by periodicity in properties of elements with reference to periodic table ? Who
introduced it? 2M
6. Discuss the groups and their common names. 3M
7. Write a short note on periods 3M
8. Discuss the merits of modern periodic table ? 3M/4M
9. Write the advantages of periodic table 3M

II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :

10. How could the modern table remove various anomalies of Mendeleev’s periodic table ? 3M
(Q.No – 1, P – 63)
11. Identify the elements, which have 4M
a) Two shells, and atomic number two less than that of N.
b) Three shells which are completely filled.
c) Atomic number 1
d) Group 15, period 4
12. a) List any two distinguishing features between Mendeleev’s Periodic Table and the Modern
Periodic Table. (Q.No – 1, P – 63)
b) With the help of an example, explain Dobereiner’s Triade. 3M
c) State Moder Periodic Law. (Q.No – 10 (a), P – 63)

III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :

13. Name two elements you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to Magnesium. What is the
basis for your choice ? (Q.No – 1, P – 64) 2M
14. Atomic number is considered to be a more appropriate parameter than atomic mass for classification
of elements in a periodic table, why ? (Q.No – 8, P – 66) 2M
15. An element has electronic configuration 2,8, 6. Explain its position in the periodic table.

IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :

16. The atomic numbers of the three elements X, Y and Z are 2, 6 and 10 respectively. 2M
i) Which two elements belong to the same group ? (Q.No – 8, P – 70)
ii) Which two elements belong to the same period ?

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

17. There is an anomaly when it comes to the position of hydrogen in the modern periodic table”. State
any two reasons. 3M
18. The figures 2, 8, 18, 32 etc.. representing the number of elements in various periods. Comment on
this in the view of periodicity 3M
19. Is the position of hydrogen justified in modern periodic table ? Comment. 3M

20 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME

PRIORITY - II
I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING :
1. a) State the similarity in the electronic configuration of all the elements present in Group 1 of the
periodic table? 3M
b) An element has atomic number 3. To which period of the periodic table does it belong ? Give
reason for your answer.
2. Choose from the following : 4Be, 9F , 19K, 20Ca 2M
i) The element having one electron in the outermost shell
ii) Two elements of the same group.
3 An element has atomic number 13. 2M
a) What is the group and period number to which this element belongs ?
b) Is this element a metal or non - metal? Justify your answer.
4. In the modern periodic table, Calcium (Z = 20) is surrounded by the elements with atomic numbers
12, 19, 21 and 38. Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling Calcium ? 2M

II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :

5. Given below is a list of elements along with their atomic numbers in parenthesis. A(6), B(8), C(10),
D(12), E(14), F(16) Select the element which has : 2M
a) two shells both of which are completely filled with electrons.
b) the electronic configuration 2, 8, 2
c) a total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell.
d) a total of two shells, with four electrons in its valence shell.
6. An element A reacts with oxygen to form A2O. 3M
i) State the number of electron in the outermost orbit of A.
ii) To which group of periodic table does A belong ?
iii) State whether A is a metal or a non-metal.
7. On the basis of electronic structure, how will you select. 3M
i) The first element in a period
ii) The terminating member in a period
iii) The chemically similar elements
8. Why do you think that the noble gases should be placed in a separate group ? 3M
(Q.No – 2, P – 58)
9. An atom has an electronic configuration 2,8, 7. 3M
a) Find the atomic number of this element.
b) To which of the following elements would it be chemically similar.
(Atomic numbers are given in parenthesis). Give reason for your answer. N(7) F(9) P(15) Ar(18)
c) What are valence electrons ?
What is the number of valence electrons in this element ?

Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 21

X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE
10. a) i) Arrange F, N, Be in increasing order of atomic number. 4M
ii) Where are isobars placed in the modern periodic table and why ?
iii) An element has atomic number 16. Is it metal or non-metal, why ?
b) Why do we classify elements ?
c) Write the formula of the product formed when element ‘A’ with atomic number 11 combines
with element ‘B’ (9). What is nature of bond formed ?

III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :

11. Name : 3M
i) Three elements that have a single electrons in their outermost shells.
ii) Three elements that have two electrons in their outermost shells.
iii) Three elements with filled outer most shells. (Q.No – 2, P – 64)
12. Which element has 2M
i) Two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons ?
ii) The electronic configuration 2, 8, 2 ?
iii) A total of three shells with four electrons in the valence shell ?
iv) A total of two shells with three electrons in the valence shell ? (Q.No – 5, P – 65)

IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :

13. The atomic number of three elements A,B and C are 11, 14 and 17 respectively. 3M
a) State the group to which these elements belong in the modern periodic table.
b) Write the formula of the compound formed when the element B reacts with C.

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

14. “Hydrogen occupies a unique position in the modern periodic table”. Justify the statement. 3M

PRIORITY - III

I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING :

1. a) Explain the characteristic of a group or period in the periodic table. Give one example each.
b) On the basis of periodic classification, identify each not belonging to a group or a period.
a) Cl, Br, I b) Be, B c) Na, K d) Na, Mg, Al 3M
2. a) Why was it necessary to change the basis of classification from atomic mass to atomic number ?
b) Find the atomic mass of first element if three elements form Dobereiner triad in which the
atomic mass of middle element is 23 and last element is 39. 4M
c) Which element can gain electron easily O or F, why ?
d) An element ‘A’ reacts with oxygen to form A2O. State the number of valence electrons in ‘A’.

22 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME
II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :
3. In each case, give two characteristics which you would expect to be associated with elements having
i) two outermost electrons 3M
ii) seven outermost electrons
iii) eight outermost electrons
4. a) How many rows and periods are there in a modern periodic table ? 4M
b) Give two examples of lanthanoids and actinoids.
c) Which group of elements are called transition metals ?
d) Explain the nature of oxides on moving along the periods.

III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :

5. i) Lithium, Sodium, Potassium are all metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen gas. is
there any similarity in the atoms of these elements. 3M
ii) Helium is an unreactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What if anything,
do their atoms have in common. (Q.No – 3, P – 65)
6. Using the part of the periodic table given below, answer the questions that follow. 3M
Group Period I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 H He
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
4 K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
i) Na has physical properties similar to which elements and why ?
ii) Write the electronic configuration of N and P. (Q.No – 12, P – 67)
iii) State the property common to Fluorine and Chlorine ?

IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :

7. The electrons in the atoms of four elements A,B,C, and D are distributed in three shells having 1,3,5
ans 7 electrons in the outermost shell respectively. State the period in which these elements can be
placed in the modern periodic table.Write the electronic configuration of the atoms of a A and D and
the molecular formula of the compound formed when A and D combine. (Q.No – 6, P – 69) 3M

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

8. a) Elements F, Cl and Br are in group 17. What is the number of electrons in outermost shell of
these elements ? Give reason for your answer. 3M
b) Write down the electronic configuration of Al and Si. Their atomic numbers are 13 and 14
respectively.

Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 23

X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE

PART - III
PRIORITY - I
I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING :
1. Define and explain how the following properties of elements vary in groups and periods (for each
property you should cover definition, variation in groups and periods and reason for the variation)
i) Valance electrons ii) Valency
iii) Atomic size iv) Metallic character and Non metallic character
v) Chemical reactivity vi) Nature of oxides
vii) Ionisation potential viii) Electro negativity
ix) Electron affinity x) Electropositivity 3M/4M
2. Atoms of seven elemens A, B, C, D, E, F and G have different number of electronic shells but have
the same number of electrons in their outermost shells. How will the following property vary as we
move from A to G ? 3M
a) Metallic character b) Atomic radii c) Valency

II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :

3. Which of the following statements is not a correct statement about the trends when going from left to
right across the periods of periodic table. (Q.No – 1, P – 74) 2M
i) The elements become less metallic in nature
ii) The number of valence electrons increases
iii) The atoms lose their electrons more easily
iv) The oxides become more acidic
4. Two elements X and Y belong to group 1 and 2 respectively in the same period. 2M
Compare them with respect to :
i) Metallic character
ii) Formulae of their oxides and chlorides
5. i) How do you calculate the valency of an element from its electronic configuration ? 2M
ii) How does the valency of an element vary in going down a group of Periodic Table.
6. Na, Mg and Al are the elements having one, two and three valence electrons respectively. Which of
these elements 3M
i) has the largest atomic radius
ii) is least reactive ? Justify your answer stating reason for each.
7. Following are the set of elements belongs to 3rd period in the modern periodic table.
Al, Si, P, S, Cl
Arrange them in decreasing order of metallic nature and name the elements which can show highest
and least electropositivity. 3M

24 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME
8. Part of the periodic table is given below where atomic numbers of elements are given in the parenthesis.
Li (3) Be (4)
Na (11) Mg (12)
K (19) Ca (20)
Rb (37) Sr (38)
i) Give the electronic configuration of K.
ii) Predict the number of valence electrons in the atom of Ca.
iii) What is the number of shells in the atom of Na ?
iv) Arrange Be, Mg, Ca, Sr in the increasing order of the size of their respective atoms.
v) Predict whether Rb is a metal or non metal.
vi) Out of Na, Li, Be and Mg which one has biggest atom in size ? 4M
vii) Predict the number of valence electrons in the atom of Rb.
viii) Give the electronic configuration of Sr.
9. The position of eight elements in the Modern Periodic Table is given below where atomic numbers of
elements are given in the parenthesis. 4M
Period No.
2 Li (3) Be (4)
3 Na (11) Mg (12)
4 K (19) Ca (20)
5 Rb (37) Sr (38)
i) Write the electronic configuration of Ca.
ii) Predict the number of valence electrons in Rb.
iii) What is the number of shells in Sr ?
iv) Predict whether K is a metal or a non-metal.
v) Which one of these elements has the largest atom in size ?
vi) Arrange Be, Ca, Mg and Rb in the increasing order of the size of their respective atoms.
vii) What is the number of shells in Na ?
viii) Predict whether Be is a metal or a non-metal.
10. a) An element X has both the shells K and L completely filled with electrons. The elements has
atomic number 10. Identify the element X. 3M
b) In which group of the periodic table is this element placed ?
c) Write its electronic configuration. What is the valency of the element ?
III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :
11. i) Lithium, Sodium, Potassium are all metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen gas. is
there any similarity in the atoms of these elements. 3M
ii) Helium is an unreactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What if anything, do
their atoms have in common. (Q.No – 3, P – 195)
12. Size of sodium atom is bigger than that of hydrogen atom. Why ? 3M
Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 25
X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE

13. The positions of five elements in the periodic table are shown below: 4M
Group - 1 Group - 2 Group - 15 Group - 16
Period II A B
Period III C D E
a) What are the number of valence electrons in B?
b) Will have the smallest atomic radius?
c) Will be the most metallic?
d) Will form basic oxide ?
e) Will show valency three ?
f) Will show greatest tendency to gain electron ?
g) Will form acidic oxide?
h) Will be most non metallic?

14. Group 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
p
e 3 X B C D E
r
i
4 Y
o
d
s 5
Using the given part of the periodic table, answer the following questions with reason- 3M
a) Name the element having smallest atomic size.
b) Write electronic configuration of element E
c) Identify the elements to which element Yhas similar physical and chemical properties
15. The periodic table given below consists of elements with atomic numbers from 3 to 18. Some of the
elements are shown by letters but the letters are not the usual symbols of the elements. 3M
Atomic Number 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Element A B C
Atomic Number 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Element D E F G
i) Write the electronic configuration of two elements which have similar chemical properties.
ii) Which of these is a
a) metalloid
b) noble gas?
iii) Out of A and C, Which one has greater atomic radius? Give reason.

26 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME
16. On the basis of the above table, in which positions of six elements A, B, C, D, E and F are shown
as they are in the modern periodic table : 4M
Group ® 1 2 3 - 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Period ¯ A B G C D E F H
On the basis of the above table,answer the following Questions
i) Name the element which forms only covalent compounds.
ii) Name the elements which is a metal with valency three.
iii) Name the element which is a non - metal with valency three.
iv) Out of D and E, which is bigger in size and why?
17. The position of three elements X, Y and Z in the periodic table is given below : 3M
Group - 16 Group - 17
– –
– Y
– –
X Z
Giving reason, answer the following questions.
a) Out of Y and Z which element will more metallic ?
b) Will atomic size of Z be smaller or larger than that of X ?
c) Out of Y and Z which element will be more electronegative ?
18. The atomic radius of first group elements are given below 3M
Group - 1 element Atomic radii (pm)
Na 86
K 231
Rb 244
Cs 282
i) Write the decreasing order of atomic radii of above elements ?
ii) Among the elements whose electronic configuration is very close to inert gas electronic
configuration ?
iii) What is the outer most orbital of the above all elements ?
19 From the elements Li, K, Mg, C, Al, S identify the 4M
a) elements belonging to the same group
b) element which has the tendency to lose two electrons
c) element which prefers sharing of electrons to complete its octet.
d) most metallic element
e) element that forms acidic oxide
f) element that belongs to group 13.
g) element with highest valence electrons.
h) element with largest atomic size.
Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 27
X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE
IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :
20. An element X belongs to 3rd period and group 2 of the periodic table. State : 2M
a) number of valence electrons b) Valency (Q.No – 9, P – 70)
c) metal or non-metal d) name of the element
21. An element X from group 2 of the periodic table reacts with an element Y from group 17 to form a
compound. (Q.No – 12, P – 70) 4M
a) What is the nature of the compound formed ?
b) State whether the compound formed will conduct electricity or not ?
c) Give the formula of the compound formed ?
d) What is the valency of element X ?
22. The following diagram shows a part of the periodic table in which the elements are arranged according
to their atomic numbers. (The letters given here are not the chemical symbols of the elements) 4M
a b c d e f g h (Q.No – 6, P – 81)
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
i j k l m n o p
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
i) Which element has a bigger atom, a or f ?
ii) Which element has a higher valence, k or o ?
iii) Which element is more metallic, i or k ?
iv) Which element is more non - metallic, d or g ?
v) Select a letter which represents a metal of valency 2
vi) Select a letter which represents a non - metal of valency 2.
vii) What is the chemical formula when k combains with o.
viii) Which is more reactive metal?
23. The following diagram shows a part of the periodic table containing first three periods in which five
elements have been represented by the letters a, b, c, d and e (which are not their chemical symbols)
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
a
b c
d e
i) Select the letter which represents an alkali metal 4M
ii) Select the letter which represents a noble gas
iii) Select the letter which represents a halogen
iv) What type of bond is formed betweeen a and e ?
24. Two elements X and Y have atomic number 12 and 16 respectively. Write the electronic configuration
of these elements. State the period of these elements. What type of bond will be formed if these two
elements combine together ? 3M

28 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME

25. Study the data of the following three categories A, B and C 3M

Category Name of the element Atomic Mass
A Li 7
Na 23
K 39
B N 14
P 31
As 74
C B 10.8
Al 27
Ga 69.7
i) From the given three categories A, B and C pick the one which forms Dobereiner’s Triads.
ii) Why did Mendeleev placed elements of category A, B, C in three different groups ?
iii) Is Newland law of octaves applicable to all the three categories ? Give reason to justify your
answer.
26. The position of three elements A, B and C in the Modern periodic table is as follows : 3M
Group 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
Period
1 B
2 A
3 C
a) Write formula of compound formed between
i) B and A
ii) B and C
b) Is any of the three elements a metal ? Give reason to justify your answer.

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

27. Write reason for the following (Number in parenthesis is atomic number of the substance) 3M
i) Lithium (3) and Sodium (11) are considered as active metal
ii) Fluorine (9) is more reactive than chlorine (17). 3M
28. F,Cl and Br are the elements each having seven valence electrons. Which of these 3M
i) has the largest atomic radius,
ii) is most reactive ? Justify your answer stating reason for each.

Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 29

X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE

PRIORITY - II

I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING :

1. ‘X’ is an element with atomic number 20. 2M

i) Is it a metal or a non – metal ?
ii) Which of the two X or Mg with atomic number 12 is more reactive ?
iii) What is the valency of X ?
iv) What will be the formula of its chloride
2. The atomic number of nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O) and Fluorine (F) are 7, 8 and 9 respectively. 3M
i) What is the number of valence electrons in N and F ?
ii) Name the element having smallest and largest atomic radii of any of the above three elements.
Give reason for your answer.
3. Modern periodic Law states that ‘Properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic number.
Atomic number gives us the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and so the number of
electrons in a neutral atom. Modern Periodic Table contains 18 vertical columns (called groups) and
seven horizontal rows (called periods). In a group, the elements contain the same number of valence
electrons and that the number of shells increase as we go down the group. 3M
a) Do the elements of a period also contain the same number of valence electrons ?
b) Does the present arrangement facilitate the study of properties of elements ?
c) What can you advise about storing of chemicals/medicines in a shop ?
4. Nitrogen (atomic number 7) and Phosphorus (atomic number 15) belong to group 15 of the periodic
table, write their electronic configuration. Which of these will be more electronegative and why? 2M
5. The atomic numbers of two elements X and Y are 12 and 16 respectively. 3M
i) Write electronic configuration of these elements.
ii) State the valency of these two elements.
6. Arrange the following elements in the increasing order of their metallic character Mg, Ca, K, Ge, Ga.
2M
7. a) Find the period and group of the element whose atomic number is 12. 4M
b) Two elements with symbols X (11) and Y (13) are placed in 3rd period of modern periodic
table.
i) Which amongst the two has more metallic character ?
ii) Calculate the valency of each element.
iii) Element ‘Y’ is smaller than ‘X’ in terms of atomic size. Is the statement true ? Justify.
8. Define electropositive and electronegative elements and how can you explain the reactive nature of
elements based on electropositive and electronegative nature in groups and periods. 3M

30 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME
II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :
9. An element X is placed in the 3rd period and 2nd group of the Periodic table. Write 2M
i) electronic configuration of ‘X’
ii) formula of Chloride and Oxide of ‘X’
10. In which part of a group of Modern Periodic Table would you expect the elements to have 2M
i) the highest metallic character ?
ii) the largest atomic size ? Give reason for your answer.
11. An atom ‘A’ has the electronic configuration 2, 8, 6. 3M
i) What is the atomic number of element A ?
ii) Will it be larger or smaller in size than element B (Atomic number = 14) ? Why
iii) To which of the following elements would it be chemically similar? Why? O(8),C(6),N(7),Ar(18)
12. Calcium, Magnesium and Strontium have been put together in the same group of Periodic Table on
the basis of their similar chemical properties. 2M
i) Mention those properties. (Any two).
ii) Out of the three elements, which one will have atom of biggest size and why ?
13. Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al) and silicon (Si) are arranged in the decreasing
order of their atomic size. Which element has the highest ionisation energy among them ? Justify your
answer scientifically. 3M
14. Boron atomic number 5 and aluminium, atomic number 13 are placed in the same group of the
periodic table. Write their electronic configuration. Which of the two will be more electropositive and
why ? 3M
15. a) Magnesium oxide is MgO. What is the formula of Magnesium sulphate ? 3M
b) Why do elements in a group have same chemical properties ?
16. An element belongs to 3rd period and 2nd group of the periodic table. Find out 3M
i) name of the element
ii) formula of its oxide
iii) electron dot structure of its compound with fluorine.
17. Lithium is an alkali metal with atomic number 3 and number of valence electron is 1. The formula of
the hydride of lithium is LiH. Boron and carbon are placed in group 13 and 14 respectively with
valance electrons 3 and 4. Write the formulae of the hydrides of B and C giving reason for your
answer. 3M
18. Give reason for the following 3M
i) Lithium (3) and sodium (11) are considered as active metals
ii) Potassium (19) is more reactive than sodium (11).

Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 31

X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE
III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :
19. Given the part of a periodic table, answer the following questions 3M
Group Number
1 2 13 14 15 16 17
Hydrogen Carbon Oxygen Fluorine
X P Q
Y R
Z T
a) Atomic number of oxygen is 8. What would be the atomic number of Fluorine?
b) Out of ‘X’ and ‘Q’ which element has larger atomic size. Give reason for your answer.
c) Out of ‘Y’ and ‘Z’ which element has smaller atomic size.Give reason for your answer.
20. Given below are the melting points and atomic radii of three elements X, Y and Z of the periodic
table having ‘n’ electrons in the outermost shells of their atoms. 2M
X Y Z
Melting point (°K) 478 402 338.5
Atomic radii (Å) 1.33 1.54 1.96
State any three inferences that can be drawn about the elements on the basis of above data.
21. Consider the table given below and answer the following questions. 4M
Group Number
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
Period II a j
Period III b e g h k
Period IV c f i l
Period V d
i) Name the most reactive metal
ii) How many shells does ‘d’ have ?
iii) Name the element(s) having valency 2.
iv) How many valence electrons does ‘j’ have ?
22. Using part of the Periodic Table given below, answer the questions that follow. 3M
Group Number
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
Period 1 H He
Period 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
Period 3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Period 4 K Ca
32 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.
CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME
i) Na has physical and chemical properties similar to which element(s) and why ?
ii) Write the electronic configuration of N and P. Which one of these will be more electronegative
and why ?
iii) State a chemical property common to fluorine and chlorine.
23. Some of the elements and their atomic number are mentioned in the following table: 2M
Element P Q R S
Atomic Number 3 17 13 11
i) How many valence electrons are there in the element ‘R’?
ii) What is the valency of ‘P’ ?
iii) Write the chemical formula of the compound formed by combining the elements ‘P’ and ‘Q’
iv) Out of the two elements P’ and ‘S’, Which one is larger in size?
24. The elements of second and third period of the periodic table are given below: 3M
Li Be B C N O F
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
a) Which atom is bigger in size Li or Be? Why?
b) Which one element out of those given above is most metallic and why?

IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :

25. An element ‘X’ belongs to 3rd period and group 16 of the Modern Periodic Table. 3M
a) Determine the number of valence electrons and the valency of ‘X’.
b) Molecular formula of the compound when ‘X’ reacts with hydrogen and write its electron dot
structure.
c) Name the element ‘X’ and state whether it is metallic or non-metallic. 3M
26. An element X combines with oxygen to form an oxide XO. The oxide is electrically conducting.
a) How many electrons would be there in the outermost shell of the element X ? 3M
b) To which group of the periodic table does the element X belong ?
c) Write the formula of the compound formed when X reacts with chlorine? (Q.No – 10, P – 70)
27. An element X from group 2 reacts with element Y from group 16 of the periodic table. 3M
a) What is the formula of the compound formed ? (Q.No – 11, P – 70)
b) What is the nature of bond in the compound formed ?

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

28. Which one between Na and Na+ would have larger size ? Why ? (Q.No – 3, P – 82) 2M

Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 33

X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME CHEMISTRY - CBSE
29. A part of modern periodic table is given below : 4M
Answer the following questions based on this table :
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
a) Why do H, Li and Na show similar properties ?
b) Atomic size of Mg is bigger than Be. Why ? (Q.No – 1, P –81)
c) Why are He, Ne and Ar called noble gas ?
d) Write a common name of the family to which F and Cl belong.

PRIORITY - III
I. ACADEMIC SKILL - REMEMBERING
1. In each of the following pairs, choose the atom having bigger size : 2M
i) Mg (At. No. 12) or Cl (At. No. 17)
ii) Na (At. No. 11) or K (At. No. 19)
2. Arrange the following elements in the order of their increasing metallic character. Ca, Be, Mg. 2M
3. Why the atomic radius decreases on moving left to right along a period ? Give an example. 2M

II. ACADEMIC SKILL - UNDERSTANDING :

4. Find the valency of Mg having atomic number 12 and S having atomic number 16 ? 2M
5. The atomic radii of three elements A, B and C of a periodic table are 186pm, 104pm and 143pm
respectively. Giving a reason, arrange these elements in the increasing order of atomic numbers in the
period. 3M

III. ACADEMIC SKILL - APPLYING :

6. The elements of a period of the periodic table are given in order from left to right with one of its
element missing: 4M
Li Be B C O F Ne
i) To which period do these elements belong?
ii) One element of this period is missing, Which is the missing element and where should it be
placed?
iii) Which one of these elements in this period shows the property of catenation?
iv) Which one of the above elements belongs to the halogen series?
7. Given below is a part of the periodic table: 3M
Li Be B C N O F
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl

34 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.

CHEMISTRY - CBSE X CLASS REVISION PROGRAMME
As we move horizontally from left to right, what happens
i) to the metallic character of the elements?
ii) to the atomic size of the elements?
iii) to the valency of the elements.
Give reasons for your answer.
8. Group Number 3M
P 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
E 1
R
I 2 X N O P Q R
O
3 Y
D
S 4 Z

Using the given part of the periodic table answer the following questions
a) Which element in second group has atom of largest size? Give reason for your answer.
b) What is the valency of element R?
c) If the number of valence electron in Y is two, what will be the no.of valence electrons in X and
Z Give reason for your answer.

IV. ACADEMIC SKILL - ANALYSING AND EVALUATING :

9. Two elements X, Y and Z belong to 17th group but to 2nd,3rd and 4th period respectively. Number
of valence electrons in Y is 7. Find the number of valence electrons in X and Z. 2M

V. ACADEMIC SKILL - CREATING :

10. The elements of the eighteen group of the periodic table are given below: 3M
He Ar Kr Xe Rn
i) The elements of this group are almost unreactive. Why?
ii) Which atom is bigger, Ne or Ar . Why?
11. Give reasons for the following : 3M
a) Metals have tendency to form cations.
b) Fluorine atom is smaller than chlorine atom.
c) Non metals have tendency to gain electrons.
12. Give reason for the following . 2M
a) Lithium atom is smaller than potassium atom.
b) Chlorine (atomic number 17) is more electronegative than sulphur (atomic number 16).

6
Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd. 35