SCIENCE10

4th QUARTER
Module 5

https://www.instructables.com/How-to-
Balance-a-Chemical-Equation-1/

Most Essential Learning Competency

Apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions. (S10MT-IV-g-23)

To the Learner

This module was specially designed to help you understand and apply
the lesson objectives. Read and follow the simple instructions as your guide.

1. Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on

your studies.
2. Seek assistance from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing
the activities.
3. Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to
ask from your teacher.

4. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.

The Writer
 After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. state and explain the law of conservation of mass by using common chemical reactions
around us;
2. balance the given chemical equations; and,
3. cite instances wherein chemical reactions are observed.

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on your answer sheet.

1. How to balance chemical equation?

A. Add elements as necessary
B. Add superscript in the elements
C. Add coefficient in the element or molecules
D. Change the subscript of the element or molecules

2. In a chemical equation, which of the following indicate the number of molecules?

A. coefficient C. subscript
B. reaction number D. superscript

3. Which of the following symbols means “reacts with” in the chemical equation?
A. arrow C. equal sign
B. coefficient D. plus sign

4. Which of the following is a BALANCED chemical equation ?

A. 2Al + HCl → 2AlCl3 + H2
B. KClO3 → KCl + O2
C. 4BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2BaSO4 + AlCl3
D. Fe2(SO4)3 + 6KOH → 3K2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3

5. Which of the following is INCORRECT about Law of Conversation of Mass in the

chemical reaction?
A. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in the chemical reaction.
B. The coefficients of the molecules of the reactant and product are equal.
C. The total mass of the reactant should be equal to the total mass of the product.
D. The number of atoms of each element must be the same before and after a chemical
reaction.

TRUE OR FALSE: Write in your answer sheet the word TRUE if the statement is correct
and FALSE if it is incorrect.

1. Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules and sources of energy of almost all
living organisms.
2. Nitrogen, oxygen and phosphorus are present the carbohydrates.
3. Nutrition lists such as fat and protein content are included in the food label.
4. Protein plays a wide variety of roles like being a catalyst, hormone and antibody.
5. Reading food labels is important because it helps you make food choices, control
weight, and improve health.

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 Have you ever wondered why milk curdles when vinegar is added to it, or why a
sliced of banana turns brown when exposed to air?
Day-to-day experiences show us how chemical changes take place in our body,
around us and everywhere. The burning of gasoline, rusting of iron, ripening of fruits,
tarnishing of silver, baking of bread, burning of wood and the food making process of plants
called photosynthesis are all examples of chemical changes.
All chemical changes involve chemical reactions. A chemical reaction is a process
in which the properties of the original substances change into new substances with different
physical and chemical properties.
In any chemical reaction, there are always two types of substances: the substances
that are present before the change and the substances that are formed by the change.
Substances that enter in the chemical reaction are called reactants and substances that
are produced by the chemical reaction are called products. Thus, a general description of
a chemical reaction can be stated as reactants changing into products.
Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass matter is neither created nor destroyed
therefore in any chemical reaction the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total
mass of the products. For mass to remain constant before and after a chemical reaction,
the number of atoms of each element must be the same before and after a chemical reaction.

Objective:
Identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction.

Direction:
Read the passages then check the column if the given substance is reactant or
product.

1. During photosynthesis plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2)

and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell
the water loses its electrons while the carbon dioxide gains
electrons. This process transforms the water into oxygen
gas (O2) and the carbon dioxide (CO2) into glucose (C6H12O6).

SUBSTANCES REACTANT PRODUCT

Water (H2O)
Oxygen gas (O2)

https://www.discoveryexpresskids.com/ Carbon dioxide (CO2)

blog/photosynthesis-floating-leaf-discs
Glucose (C6H12O6)

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 2. Carbonated drinks that come in cans or bottles contain a
substance called carbonic acid (H2CO3). When you open one of
these drinks, the carbonic acid breaks down, creating water
(H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This carbon dioxide leaves the
drink, forming gas bubbles that you can see rising to the surface
of the liquid.

SUBSTANCES REACTANT PRODUCT

Carbonic
acid(H2CO3)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
https://www.sciencephoto.com/
media/217840/view/carbonated Water (H2O)
-soft-drink

3. Your body breaks down food by making stomach acid, which is

composed mostly of hydrochloric acid (HCl). If your body makes
too much stomach acid, you may suffer from an upset stomach.
Antacids like sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) can relieve an
upset stomach by combining with hydrochloric acid. This
combination forms sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H 2O), and
carbon dioxide (CO2), reducing the amount of acid in the
stomach.

SUBSTANCES REACTANT PRODUCT

Water (H2O),
http://atlas.centralx.com/p/image Carbon dioxide (CO2)
/fluids-and-secretions/bodily-
secretions/gastric-juice/gastric- Sodium chloride (NaCl)
acid/
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sodium bicarbonate
(NaHCO3)

HOW TO WRITE CHEMICAL EQUATION???

Chemical equation is a shorthand way of writing chemical reaction. It is a symbolic

representation of chemical reaction in which the reactants and the products are
expressed in terms of their respective chemical formula.
Example: Hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with oxygen gas(O2) to produce water (H2O).
al equation
Chemical Equation:

We read the (+) sign as “reacts with” and the arrow (→) as to produce or yield.

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Objective:
Write the chemical equation of the given chemical reaction.
Direction:
You already identify the reactants and the products in Activity 1. Write in your
answer sheet the chemical equation that describes the chemical reaction in each passage
from Activity 1.

Example:
1. During photosynthesis plants take in carbon dioxide
(CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the
plant cell the water loses its electrons while the carbon
dioxide gains electrons. This process transforms the
water into oxygen gas (O2) and the carbon dioxide (CO2)
into glucose (C6H12O6).

Answer: CO2 + H20 → C6H12O6 + O2

(Note: It’s okay if the answer is not yet a balanced equation. We

https://www.discoveryexpresskids.com/
blog/photosynthesis-floating-leaf-discs
will discuss it in the other activities).

Now, try to write the chemical equation of the chemical reaction in passages 2 and
3 from Activity 1.

2. Carbonated drinks that come in cans or bottles contain a

substance called carbonic acid (H2CO3). When you open one of
these drinks, the carbonic acid breaks down, creating water
(H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This carbon dioxide leaves the
drink, forming gas bubbles that you can see rising to the
surface of the liquid.

https://www.sciencephoto.com/
media/217840/view/carbonated
-soft-drink

3. Your body breaks down food by making stomach acid, which is

composed mostly of hydrochloric acid (HCl). If your body makes
too much stomach acid, you may suffer from an upset stomach.
Antacids like sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) can relieve an
upset stomach by combining with hydrochloric acid. This
combination forms sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H 2O), and
carbon dioxide (CO2), reducing the amount of acid in the
stomach.

http://atlas.centralx.com/p/image
/fluids-and-secretions/bodily-
secretions/gastric-juice/gastric-
acid/

4
 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS stated that the total mass of the
reactants should be equal to the total mass of the products in the
chemical reaction therefore you need to BALANCE the chemical equation.

Is this chemical equation balanced???

Let’s identify and count the number of atoms present in the reactant and
product in the chemical equation.
Reactant Atom Product Balanced?
2 ─ H ─ 2 2=2, yes
2 ─ O ─ 1 2≠1, no
Since the number of oxygen atoms is not equal in the reactant compared
to product therefore it is NOT BALANCED.
HOW TO BALANCE???

Add a coefficient,the number before the molecule, to make it balance.

To get the number of the atom, multiply the coefficient to the
subscript.

Reactant Atom Product Balanced?

4 ─ H ─ 4 4=4, yes
2 ─ O ─ 2 2=2, yes

Note: Do not change the subscript of the molecules because it will

change the identity of the substance represented by the chemical
formula

Ad d

Objective:
Balance the given chemical equations.
Direction:
Identify which of the following chemical equation is balanced and unbalanced.
Write the word BALANCED if the chemical equation is already balanced and if its not,
write the correct balanced chemical equation in your answer sheet. Write the number of
atoms present in the reactant and product to check if its already balanced.

Example 1: CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

Reactant Atom Product Balanced?

1 ─ Ca ─ 1 1=1, yes
2 ─O─ 2 2=2, yes
2 ─ H─ 2 2=2, yes
Final Answer: Balanced

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 Example 2: FeS + O2 → Fe2O3 + SO2

Reactant Atom Product Balanced?

1 ─ Fe ─ 2 1≠2, no
1 ─S─ 1 1=1, yes
2 ─ O─ 5 2≠5, no

Final Answer: 4FeS + 7O2 → 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2

Reactant Atom Product Balanced?

4 ─ Fe ─ 4 4=4, yes
4 ─S─ 4 4=4, yes
14 ─ O─ 14 14=14, yes
Let’s start….

1. Al + O2 → Al2O3
2. CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
3. NaNO3 → NaNO2 + O2
4. N2 + O2 + H2O → HNO3
5. MgCO3 → MgO + CO2
6. CaCl2 + H2SO4 → 2HCl + CaSO4
7. C2H6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
8. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
9. Mg + Zn(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + Zn
10. Ba(NO3)2 + 2NaOH → Ba(OH)2 + 2NaNO3

HOW TO IDENTIFY THE NUMBER OF ATOMS?

Example 1: Fe2O3
Just identify the number of subscripts in each atom.
Answer: Fe=2; and O is 3
Example 2: 2Fe2O3
Multiply the number of coefficients to subscript of each atom.
(Fe= 2x2; and O=2x3)
Answer: Fe=4; and O is 6
Example 3: Ca(OH) 2
Multiply the subscript 2 to the O and H atoms inside the
parenthesis. (Ca=1; O=1x2; and H=1x2)
Answer: Ca=1; O=2; and H=2
Example 4: 3Mg(NO3)2
Multiply outside subscript 2 to the subscript of N and O
atoms inside the parenthesis. Then, multiply the coefficient
number 3. (Mg=1x3; N=1x2x3; and O=3x2x3)
Answer: Mg=3; N=6; and O=18

NOTE:
No need to write number 1 if the atom has number 1 subscript.
Example: Al, CaO and MgO

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Objective:
Write and balance the chemical equation of the given chemical reaction.
Direction:
Identify first which are the reactant and product then write the balanced chemical
equation.
Also write the number of atoms present in the reactant and product to check if its already
balanced.

Example:
Solid sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas to produce solid sodium chloride.

Reactant Product
Na NaCl
Cl2

Chemical Equation: Na + Cl2 → NaCl

Reactant Atom Product Balanced?

1 ─ Na ─ 1 1=1, yes
2 ─ Cl ─ 1 2≠1, no

Since number of Cl atoms is not equal in the reactant and product, you need to
make it balance.

Balanced Chemical Equation: 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl

Reactant Atom Product Balanced?

2 ─ Na ─ 2 2=2, yes
2 ─ Cl ─ 2 2=2, yes

LET’S START…

1. Magnesium (Mg) reacts rapidly and dramatically when ignited, combining with
oxygen gas (O2) from the air to produce a fine powder of magnesium oxide (MgO).
2. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) decomposes on heating to yield sodium oxides (Na2O) and
water (H2O).
3. Zinc (Zn) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl)to produce aqueous zinc chloride (ZnCl2)
and hydrogen gas (H2).
4. Iron (Fe) combines with oxygen gas (O2) to form Ferric oxide (Fe2O3).
5. Carbon dioxide (CO2) reacts with water (H2O) to form carbonic acid (H2CO3).

Direction: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow

People use different types of household products when

they clean but using certain cleaning products together can
be dangerous. Many household cleaning products contain
bleach, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and others contain
hydrochloric acid (HCl). When these two chemicals are
mixed, water (H2O), sodium chloride (NaCl), and chlorine gas
(Cl2) form. Chlorine gas is a toxic substance that can damage
the eyes and lungs.

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-
vector/young-woman-cleaning-table-
disinfectant-spray-1701241705

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1. Identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction found in the passage.

REACTANTS PRODUCTS

2. Write the chemical equation.

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Is the chemical equation balanced? If not, write the balance chemical equation. Write
the number of atoms present in the reactant and product to check if its already
balanced.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why it is important to balance the chemical equation?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Reactants are the initial materials in a chemical reaction and are situated on the
left side of the chemical equation.
Products are the new materials produced after the chemical reaction and situated
on the right side of the chemical equation.
Coefficient is a number placed before the chemical formulas indicate the number
of molecules or moles.
Do not change the subscript of the molecules because it will change the identity of
the substance represented by the chemical formula
Chemical equation is a shorthand way of writing chemical reaction. It is a symbolic
representation of chemical reaction in which the reactants and the products are
expressed in terms of their respective chemical formula.
For chemical equation to conform to the law of Conservation of Mass, it has to be
balanced.
Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is conserved in a chemical reaction.
The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. No new
atoms are created or destroyed, there was only regrouping or rearrangement of
atoms.

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 Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and
write it on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following is written in the front of chemical formulas to balance the
equation?
A. coefficient C. subscript
B. reaction number D. superscript

2. Which of the following symbols means “to yield or produce” in the chemical
equation?
A. arrow C. equal sign
B. coefficient D. plus sign

3. Which of the following laws is reflected in the balanced chemical equation?

A. Law of Multiple Proportion C. Law of Conversation of Mass
B. Law of Gravity D. Law of Indefinite Proportion

4. Which of the following is a BALANCED chemical equation ?

A. 2Al + 3HCl → 2AlCl3 + H2
B. 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
C. 4BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2BaSO4 + AlCl3
D. Fe2(SO4)3 + KOH → 3K2SO4 + 2Fe(OH)3

5. How many oxygen atoms are present in the reactant and product in photosynthesis
chemical reaction below?

Photosynthesis Chemical Equation: 6CO2 + 6H20 → C6H12O6 + 6O2

A. Reactant=12 and Product=12

B. Reactant=2 and Product=2
C. Reactant=18 and Product=18
D. Reactant=6 and Product=6

Direction: Write a reflective learning on Module 5 by completing the statement in each box

Three Things I Have Learned

Two Things I Want to Share

One Thing That I am Still

Confused

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REFERENCES:
Chang, Raymond. Chemistry. 7th Ed. The McGraw-Hill Company, Inc. 2002
Lemay, Eugene et. al. Chemistry to Our Changing Worlds. Prentice Hall Inc.2002
Rabago, Lilia et. al. Chemistry Textbook.SD Publication Inc. 2006
Santos, Gil Nonato et. al. Science Links. Rex Publishing Inc.2015
https://www.ixl.com/science/grade-8/identify-reactants-and-products

https://byjus.com/chemistry/chemical-equation/

https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/photosynthesis/#:~:text=During%20p
hotosynthesis%2C%20plants%20take%20in,the%20carbon%20dioxide%20into%20glucos
e

https://www.webassign.net/question_assets/prepchem1/prepchemaf1/Bishop_eBook_A
F7-1.pdf

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Bellarmine_University/BU%3A_Chem_103_(Christia
nson)/Phase_1%3A_Chemistry_Essentials/4%3A_Simple_Chemical_Reactions/4.1%3A_C
hemical_Reaction_Equations

https://www.webassign.net/question_assets/prepchem1/prepchemaf1/Bishop_eBook_A
F7-1.pdf

https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Valley_City_State_University/Chem_121/Chapter_5
%3A_Introduction_to_Redox_Chemistry/5.3%3A_Types_of_Chemical_Reactions

https://moodle.avhsd.org/pluginfile.php/75453/mod_resource/content/0/Practice_Quiz
_Chemical_Reactions.pdf

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 GRADE 10
4th QUARTER WEEK 5
ANSWER SHEET

NAME: ___________________________________ DATE: _______________________________

SECTION: ________________________________ TEACHER: ___________________________

Activity 1
Pretest Posttest 1.
SUBSTANCES REACTANT PRODUCT
1. 1. Water (H2O)
2. 2. Oxygen gas (O2)
3 3.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
4. 4.
Glucose (C6H12O6)
5 5.
2.

Looking Back SUBSTANCES REACTANT PRODUCT

1. Carbonic acid(H2CO3)
2. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
3. Water (H2O)
4. 3.
5.
SUBSTANCES REACTANT PRODUCT
Water (H2O),
Activity 4 Carbon dioxide (CO2)
1. Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
2. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

3.
Activity 2
4. 1. CO2 + H20 → C6H12O6 + O2

5. 2.

Check Your Understanding Activity 3

1. 1.
Reactants Products
2.

3.

4.

5.
2. ___________________________
______________________________ 6.

3. ___________________________ 7.
______________________________
______________________________ 8.

4.____________________________ 9.
______________________________
______________________________ 10.

Reflection:

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