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Lecture 32

This document summarizes the small signal analysis of a common emitter amplifier. It describes replacing the transistor with its hybrid-pi equivalent circuit model and defines the key electrical parameters such as input resistance, voltage gain, and current gain. It then analyzes a CE amplifier with a load resistance and bypass capacitor. The small signal AC model is derived, and expressions are developed for input resistance, voltage gain, and current gains from base to load and source to load. Load line analysis is also described graphically and through equations for both DC and AC operating points.

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Saumitra Pandey
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22 views17 pages

Lecture 32

This document summarizes the small signal analysis of a common emitter amplifier. It describes replacing the transistor with its hybrid-pi equivalent circuit model and defines the key electrical parameters such as input resistance, voltage gain, and current gain. It then analyzes a CE amplifier with a load resistance and bypass capacitor. The small signal AC model is derived, and expressions are developed for input resistance, voltage gain, and current gains from base to load and source to load. Load line analysis is also described graphically and through equations for both DC and AC operating points.

Uploaded by

Saumitra Pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Sciences (EEE F111)

Lecture No – 32

Common Emitter Amplifier:


Small Signal Analysis

Dr. Manish Gupta


Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
BITS-Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
Small Signal AC Model
Step 1: Simplify the circuit

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


Small Signal AC Model
Step 2: Replace the transistor with its equivalent re model

ac model

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


Electrical Parameters
At room temperature (T = 300 K)

Base resistance (Rb):

Input resistance (Ri):

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


Electrical Parameters
Voltage gain (Av): Gain obtained looking from the base region

Voltage gain (Avs): Gain obtained looking from the input source

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor

Small Signal ac
model

Here, it is
assumed that
RE = 0

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor

Base resistance (Rb) : 1 + ℎ𝑓𝑒 (𝑟𝑒)~ ℎ𝑓𝑒 𝑟𝑒 ; if RE = 0


Base resistance (Rb) : 1 + ℎ𝑓𝑒 𝑟𝑒 + 𝑅𝐸 ~ ℎ𝑓𝑒 𝑟𝑒 + 𝑅𝐸 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑅𝐸 ≠
𝑅 𝑃𝑅𝑏
Input resistance (Rin) : 𝑅𝑃 II 𝑅𝑏 =
𝑅𝑃+𝑅𝑏
−𝑅𝑇
Voltage gain (Av) from base to load = ; where RT = Rc IIRL
𝑟𝑒

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor
𝑖𝐿
Current gain from base to load (Ai) =
𝑖𝐵
Apply current division at node vc
−ℎ𝑓𝑒 𝑖𝑏 𝑅𝐶
𝑖𝐿 =
𝑅𝐶 + 𝑅𝐿
−ℎ𝑓𝑒 𝑅𝐶
𝐴𝑖 =
𝑅𝐶 + 𝑅𝐿
𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝑏
Current gain from source to load (Ais) = =
𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑏 𝑖𝑠
Apply current division at node vb
𝑖𝑠𝑅𝑝
𝑖𝑏 =
𝑅𝑃 + 𝑅𝑏
BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor
𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝐿 𝑖𝑏 𝐴𝑖 𝑅𝑃
Current gain from source to load (Ais) = = =
𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑅𝑃+𝑅𝑏

Output Resistance (ro): Resistance between collector and


reference (with load removed) when the input vs is set to 0.

Where R is parallel combination of Rs and Rp.


BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor
Where R is parallel combination of Rs and Rp.

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor
Load line analysis

Equation of dc load line

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor
Equation of ac load line
• RT is parallel combination
of Rc and RL

• RP is parallel combination
of R1 and R2
(1)
AC equivalent circuit
(2)

Where vce is the voltage due to applied ac signal. Thus, the total
vCE is the superposition of ac (i.e. vce) and dc (VCEQ)

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor

AC equivalent circuit

(1) (2)

(3)

Similarly, the iC is the superposition of ac (ic) and dc (ICQ)


BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus
CE Amplifier with Load
Resistance and Bypass Capacitor
Substitute eq. 2 and eq. 3 in eq. 1

Comparison of ac and dc load line

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus


Thanks

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus

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