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Telecommunications Switching Systems 1

This document provides an overview of telecom switching systems and networks taught by Rahul Singhal at BITS Pilani. It includes a brief history of communication technologies leading up to the telephone, biographies and contributions of inventors such as Meucci, Bourseul, Reis, Gray, and Bell. It also describes the inside components and operation of a conventional telephone, subscriber signaling methods including pulse and tone dialing, and DTMF signaling standards. Contact information and lecture materials are provided for the course.

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Ramcharan Buddi
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85 views18 pages

Telecommunications Switching Systems 1

This document provides an overview of telecom switching systems and networks taught by Rahul Singhal at BITS Pilani. It includes a brief history of communication technologies leading up to the telephone, biographies and contributions of inventors such as Meucci, Bourseul, Reis, Gray, and Bell. It also describes the inside components and operation of a conventional telephone, subscriber signaling methods including pulse and tone dialing, and DTMF signaling standards. Contact information and lecture materials are provided for the course.

Uploaded by

Ramcharan Buddi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Telecom Switching Systems & Networks

CS/EEE/INSTR C 414

Rahul Singhal

Chamber: Room No. 2140 (Optical Communication Lab.) E-mail: rahulsinghal@bits-pilani.ac.in Web Page: http://discovery.bits-pilani.ac.in/discipline/eee/rahul/index.htm Lectures (PDF) shall be available at: http://discovery.bits-pilani.ac.in/discipline/eee/rahul/page7_telecom.htm Notices: http://discovery.bits-pilani.ac.in/discipline/eee/rahul/page9_notice_telecom.htm

History
490 BC Heliographs. 2400 BC Postal Systems. 3000 BC Drums and Horns. 16th Century Maritime flags. 1792 Semaphore systems. 1839 first commercial electrical telegraph. 1866 first transatlantic telegraph cable. 1876 telephone (acoustic telegraph).

Antonio Meucci, 1854, constructed telephone-like devices.

Meuccis Idea

Charles Bourseul, 1854


Make and break telephone transmitter and receiver

Johann Philipp Reis, 1860, constructed prototype 'make-and-break' telephones, today called Reis' telephones.

Reis Telephone : Voice and Data Integrated

Elisha Gray, 1876, designed a telephone prototype in Highland Park, Illinois.

Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the U.S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876.

Alexander Graham Bell with a prototype telephone, 1876. The single-port design required the user to alternately speak into and then listen through the same equipment or device

Telephone

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Inside the telephone

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Pusks Tivadar (1844 1893) was the first person to suggest the idea of a telephone exchange

Operation of a Conventional Telephone

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Subscriber Signaling

Pulse dialing

Usually 10 pulses per second. Interdigit gap at least 200 ms. Duty cycle: 33%.

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Rotary/Pulse Dialing

Tone Dialing DTMF Pad and Frequencies


Dual Tone Multi-frequency (DTMF) 1209 697 1336 1477 1633

A
Timing: 60 ms Break 40 ms Make All frequencies in Hz

770

852

941

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DTMF
The pair of frequencies are chosen so that they can not be mimicked by the human voice easily, which could otherwise interfere with the normal network signaling function. These tones also can be transmitted through the network and so can be used for various kinds of remote functions such as remote banking (endto-end signaling).

History
http://www.cclab.com/billhist.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telephone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_telephone http://www.tematelecom.net/upload_images/Indian_Telec om_History.pdf

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1876 Edison tests his first carbon microphone.

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