Complex Numbers

The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. ......Hadamard, Jacques

The complex number system

A complex number (z) is a number that can be expressed in the form z = a + ib where a and b are real
numbers and i2 = –1. Here ‘a’ is called as real part of z which is denoted by (Re z) and ‘b’ is called as
imaginary part of z, which is denoted by (Im z).
Any complex number is :
(i) Purely real, if b = 0 ;
(ii) Imaginary, if b  0.
(iii) Purely imaginary, if a = 0
Note :
(a) The set R of real numbers is a proper subset of the Complex Numbers. Hence the complete
number system is N  W  I  Q  R  C.
(b) Zero is purely real as well as purely imaginary but not imaginary.

(c) i=  1 is called the imaginary unit.

Also i² =  1; i3 =  i ; i4 = 1 etc.
(d) a b = ab only if atleast one of a or b is non - negative.

(e) If z = a + ib, then a – ib is called complex conjugate of z and written as z = a – ib

(f) Real numbers satisfy order relations where as imaginary numbers do not satisfy order relations
i.e. i > 0, 3 + i < 2 are meaningless.

Self Practice Problems

(1) Write the following as complex number
(i) 16 (ii) x , (x > 0) (iii) –b + 4ac , (a, c> 0)
(2) Write the following as complex number
(i) x (x < 0) (ii) roots of x2 – (2 cos) x + 1 = 0
Answers : (1) (i) 0 + 4i (ii) x + 0i (iii) –b + i 4ac
(2) (i) 0+i x (ii) cos  + i sin  , cos  – i sin 
Algebraic Operations:
Fundamental operations with complex numbers
In performing operations with complex numbers we can proceed as in the algebra of real numbers,
replacing i2 by – 1 when it occurs.
1. Addition (a + bi) + (c + di) = a + bi + c + di = (a + c) + (b + d) i
2. Subtraction (a + bi) – (c + di) = a + bi – c – di = (a – c) + (b – d) i
3. Multiplication (a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi2 = (ac – bd) + (ad+ bc)i
a  bi a  bi c  di ac  adi  bci  bdi2 ac  bd  (bc  ad)i ac  bd bc  ad
4. Division = . = = = 2 + 2 i
c  di c  di c  di c d i
2 2 2
c d
2 2
c d 2
c  d2
Inequalities in imaginary numbers are not defined. There is no validity if we say that imaginary number
is positive or negative.
e.g. z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4 i are meaningless.

In real numbers if a2 + b2 = 0 then a = 0 = b however in complex numbers,

z12 + z22 = 0 does not imply z1 = z2 = 0.

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Complex Numbers

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example # 1 : Find the multiplicative inverse of 4 + 3i .
Solution : Let z be the multiplicative inverse of 4 + 3i then
z (4 + 3i) = 1
1 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i
z= × = = . Ans.
4  3i 4  3i 16  9 25 25
Self Practice Problem :

(3) Simplify in + in+1 + in+2 + in+3 , n  . Ans. 0

Equality In Complex Number :

Two complex numbers z1 = a1 + ib1 & z2 = a2 + ib2 are equal if and only if their real and
imaginary parts are equal respectively
i.e. z1 = z2    Re(z1) = Re(z2) and m (z1) = m (z2).

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example # 2 : Find the value of x and y for which
(x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy) , where x, yR
Solution : (x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy)
 x4 – 3x2 – 4 = 0 x2 = 4  x = ± 2
and 2x – y = – 5 + 2y
2x + 5 = 3y
when x = 2  y=3
and x=–2  y = 1/3 Ans. (2,3) or (–2,1/3)

Example # 3 : Find the value of expression x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x + 3, when x = – 1 + i.

Solution : x=–1+i
(x + 1)2 = i2
x2 + 2x + 2 = 0
now, x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x + 3 = (x2 + 2x + 2) (x2 + 2x – 1) + 5 = 5

Example # 4 : Find the square root of – 21 – 20i

Solution : Let x + iy = –21– 20i
(x + iy)2 = – 21 – 20 i
x2 – y2 = – 21 ----- (i)
xy = – 10 ----- (ii)
From (i) & (ii)
x2 = 4  x=±2
when x = 2, y = – 5 and x = –2, y = 5
x + iy = (2 – i5) or (–2 + i5)
Self Practice Problem
(4) Solve for z : z = i z2

(5) Given that x, y  R, solve : 4x² + 3xy + (2xy  3x²)i = 4y²  (x2/2) + (3xy  2y²)i
3 1 3K
Answers : (4) ± – i, 0, i (5) x = K, y = KR
2 2 2

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 Complex Numbers
Representation of a complex number :
To each complex number there corresponds one and only one point in plane, and conversely to each
point in the plane there corresponds one and only one complex number. Because of this we often refer
to the complex number z as the point z.

(a) Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation) :

Every complex number z = x + i y can be represented by a point on the Cartesian plane known as
complex plane (Argand diagram) by the ordered pair (x, y).

Length OP is called modulus of the complex number which is denoted by z &  is called argument
or amplitude.

z = x2  y2 and tan  =   (angle made by OP with positive xaxis)

y

x
Note :
(i) Argument of a complex number is a many valued function. If  is the argument of
a complex number then 2n+ ; n  I will also be the argument of that complex number. Any
two arguments of a complex number differ by 2n 

(ii) The unique value of  such that   <   is called the principal value of the argument.
Unless otherwise stated, amp z implies principal value of the argument.

(iii) By specifying the modulus & argument a complex number is defined completely. For the
complex number 0 + 0 i the argument is not defined and this is the only complex number which
is only given by its modulus.

(b) Trignometric/Polar Representation :

z = r (cos  + i sin ) where z = r; arg z = ; z = r (cos  i sin )

Note : cos  + i sin  is also written as CiS 

(c) Euler's Formula :

z = rei, |z| = r, arg z = 
z = rei
ei= cos + i sin . 
ei  ei ei  ei
Note : If is real then cos  = ; sin  =
2 2i
(d) Vectorial Representation :
Every complex number can be considered as the position vector of a point. If the point P represents
 
the complex number z then, OP = z &  OP  = z


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 Complex Numbers
Agrument of a Complex Number :
Argument of a non-zero complex number P(z) is denoted and defined by arg(z) = angle which OP
makes with the positive direction of real axis.
If OP = |z| = r and arg(z) = , then obviously z = r(cos + isin), called the polar form of z.
'Argument of z' would mean principal argument of z(i.e. argument lying in (–, ] unless the
context requires otherwise. Thus argument of a complex number z = a + ib = r(cos + isin) is the value
b
of  satisfying rcos = a and rsin = b. Let  = tan–1
a

(i) a > 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z = 


(ii) a = 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z =
2

(iii) a < 0, b > 0 p.v. arg z =  – 

 (iv) a < 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 

(v) a < 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – ( – )


(vi) a = 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = –
2

(vii) a > 0, b < 0 p.v. arg z = – 

(viii) a > 0, b = 0 p.v. arg z = 0

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 Complex Numbers

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example # 5 : Solve for z if (z)2 + 2|z| = 0.
Solution : Let z = x + iy
 x2 – y2 – 2ixy + 2 x 2  y 2 = 0  x2 – y2 + 2 x 2  y 2 = 0 and 2xy = 0
when x = 0,  – y2 + 2|y| = 0
 y = 0, 2, – 2
 z = 0, 2i, – 2i
when y=0  x2 + 2|x| = 0
 x=0z=0
Ans. z = 0, 2i, –2i.

3
Example # 6 : Find the modulus and principal argument of complex number z = 1 + i tan , <  <
2
3
Solution : |z| = 1  tan2  = |sec| = – sec,  where <  <
2
tan 
Arg (z) = tan–1 = tan– 1 (tan) = –
1
 Ans. – sec , –

Self Practice Problems

(2  i) (3 – 4i)
(6) Find the principal argument and |z|. If z =
3i
(7) Find the |z| and principal argument of the complex number
z =–8(cos 310º – i sin 310°)

5 2
Answers : (6) – /4 , (7) 8, –130°
2

Demoivre’s Theorem :
(i) (cos  + i sin  )n = cos n + i sin nwhere n  

(ii) (cos 1 + i sin 1) (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos3 + i sin 2) (cos 3 + i sin 3) .....(cos n + i sin n)
= cos (1 + 2 + 3 + ......... n) + i sin (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n) where n  

(iii) If p, q  Z and q  0, then (cos  + i sin )p/q can take 'q' distinct values which are equal to
 2k  p   2k  p 
cos   + i sin   where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......, q – 1
 q   q 
Note : Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity should be determined using theory of equations.

Self practice problems :

(8) Prove the identity: cos 5 = 16 cos5 – 20 cos3 + 5 cos ;

1 1 3
(9) Prove that identity: cos4 = cos 4 + cos 2 +
8 2 8

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 Complex Numbers
Geometrical Representation of Fundamental Operations :
(i) Geometrical representation of addition.

If two points P and Q represent complex numbers z 1 and z2 respectively in the Argand plane, then the
sum z1 + z2 is represented by the extremity R of the diagonal OR of parallelogram OPRQ having OP
and OQ as two adjacent sides.
(ii) Geometric representation of substraction.

(iii) Modulus and argument of multiplication of two complex numbers.

Theorem : For any two complex numbers z1, z2 we have |z1 z2| = |z1| |z2| and
arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2).
Proof : z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2
z1z2 = r1r2 ei( 1 2 )  |z1z2| = |z1| |z2|
arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2)
i.e. to multiply two complex numbers, we multiply their absolute values and add their arguments.
Note : (i) P.V. arg (z1z2)  P.V. arg (z1) + P.V. arg (z2)
(ii) |z1 z2 .... zn| = |z1| |z2| ..... |zn|
(iii) arg (z1z2 .... zn) = arg z1 + arg z2 + ..... + arg zn
(iv) Geometrical representation of multiplication of complex numbers.
Let P, Q be represented by z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2 repectively. To find point R representing
complex number z1z2 , we take a point L on real axis such that OL = 1 and draw triangle OQR similar to
triangle OLP. Therefore

OR OP ˆ =
=  OR = OP.OQ i.e. OR = r1r2 and QOR 1
OQ OL
ˆ = LOP
LOR ˆ + POQ
ˆ ˆ = + – + = +
+ QOR 1 2 1 1 1 2

Hence, R is represented by z1z2 = r1r2 ei( 1 2 )

(v) Modulus and argument of division of two complex numbers.

z1 |z | z 
Theorem : If z1 and z2 (0) are two complex numbers, then = 1 and arg  1  = arg(z1)–arg (z2)
z2 | z2 |  z2 
z 
Note : P.V. arg  1   P.V. arg (z1) – P.V. arg (z2)
 z2 
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Complex Numbers
(vi) Geometrical representation of the division of complex numbers.
Let P, Q be represented by z1 = r1ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2 respectively. To find point R representing complex
z1
number , we take a point L on real axis such that OL = 1 and draw a triangle OPR similar to OQL.
z2
OP OR r1 ˆ = LOP ˆ = –
ˆ – ROP
Therefore =  OR = and LOR 1 2
OQ OL r2

z1 r
Hence, R is represented by = 1 ei( 1 2 )
z2 r2
Conjugate of a complex Number :
Conjugate of a complex number z = a + ib is denoted and defined by z = a – ib.
In a complex number if we replace i by – i, we get conjugate of the complex number. z is the mirror
image of z about real axis on Argand's Plane.
Geometrical representation of conjugate of complex number.

|z| = | z |
arg (z) = – arg (z)
General value of arg (z) = 2n – P.V. arg (z)
Properties
zz zz
(i) If z = x + iy, then x = ,y=
2 2i
(ii) z= z  z is purely real
(iii) z+ z =0  z is purely imaginary
(iv) Relation between modulus and conjugate. |z|2 = z z
(v) zz
(vi) (z1  z2 ) = z1 ± z2
(vii) (z1 z2 ) = z1 z2 , In general (zn ) = (z)n
 z1  (z1 )
(viii)  = (z2  0)
 z 2  (z2 )
Theorem : Imaginary roots of polynomial equations with real coefficients occur in conjugate pairs
Note : If w = f(z), then w = f( z )
Theorem : |z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± (z1 z2 + z1 z2) = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 Re(z1 z2 )
= |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 |z1| |z2| cos (1 – 2)

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Complex Numbers

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
z 1
Example # 7 : If is purely imaginary, then prove that | z | = 1
z 1
 z  1 z  1  z  1
Solution : Re   =0  +   =0
 z  1 z  1  z  1 
z 1 z 1
 + =0  zz –z + z – 1 + zz – z + z – 1 = 0
z 1 z 1
 zz =1  | z |2 = 1  | z | = 1 Hence proved

Example # 8 : If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers and c > 0, then prove that
|z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2

Solution : We have to prove : |z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2

i.e. |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1 z 2 + z 1z2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 +c–1) |z2|2
1
or z1 z 2 + z 1z2  c|z1|2 + c–1|z2|2 or c|z1|2 + |z |2 – z1 z 2 – z 1 z2  0
c 2
2
 1 
(using Re (z1 z 2)  |z1 z 2|) or  c z1  | z2 |  0 which is always true.
 c 

Example # 9 : Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1  z2 and |z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real part

z1  z2
and z2 has negative imaginary part, then show that is purely imaginary.
z1  z2

 
Solution : z1 = r (cos + i sin ), – <<
2 2
z2 = r (cos + i sin ), –<<0

z1  z2    3
 = – i cot  , – < <
z1  z2  2  4 2 4
Hence purely imaginary.

Self Practice Problem

(10) If |z + | > | z  1| and |  | 1, then show that |z| < 1.

(11) If z = x + iy and f(z) = x2 – y2 – 2y + i(2x – 2xy), then show that f(z) = z 2 +2iz

Distance, Triangular Inequality

If z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2 , then distance between points z1, z2 in argand plane is

|z1 – z2| = (x1  x2 )2  (y1  y2 )2

In triangle OAC
OC  OA + AC
OA  AC + OC
AC  OA + OC
using these in equalities we have ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 + z2|  |z1| + |z2|

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Complex Numbers
Similarly from triangle OAB
we have ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 – z2|  |z1| + |z2|

Note :
(a) ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 + z2|, |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| iff origin, z1 and z2 are collinear and origin lies
between z1 and z2.

(b) |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 – z2| iff origin, z1 and z2 are collinear and z1 and z2 lies on
the same side of origin.

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example # 10 : If |z – 5 – 7i| = 9, then find the greatest and least values of |z – 2 – 3i|.
Solution : We have 9 = |z – (5 + 7i)| = distance between z and 5 + 7i.
Thus locus of z is the circle of radius 9 and centre at 5 + 7i. For such a z (on the circle), we
have to find its greatest and least distance as from 2 + 3i, which obviously 14 and 4.

Example # 11 : Find the minimum value of |z| + |z – 2|

Solution : |z| + |z – 2| |z + 2 – z|
|z| + |z – 2| 2

Example # 12 : If i  [/6, /3], i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and z4 cos 1 + z3 cos 2 + z2 cos 3. + z cos 4 + cos5 = 2 3 ,
3
then show that |z| >
4
Solution : Given that cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5 = 23
or |cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5| = 23
23  |cos1 . z4 | + |cos2 . z3 | + |cos3 . z2 | + cos4 . z| + |cos5 |
 i  [/6, /3]

1 3
  cosi 
2 2
3 4 3 3 3 3
2 3  |z| + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z| +
2 2 2 2 2
3  |z|4 + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z|
Case I : If |z| > 1, then above result is automatically true
Case II : If |z| < 1, then
3 < |z| + |z|2 + |z|3 + |z|4 +|z|5 + .........
|z| 3 3
3<  3 – 3 |z| < |z|  |z| > Hence by both cases, |z|>
1 | z | 4 4

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 Complex Numbers
3
Example # 13 : z = 2, then find maximum and minimum value of | z |.
z
3 3
Solution : z  z
z z
Let |z| = r
3 3
r 2 –2r– 2
r r
r2 + 2r – 3  0 ........(i) and r2 – 2r – 3  0 ........(ii)
  r  [1, 3]
from (i) and (ii)
|z|max = 3 and |z|min = 1.
Self Practice Problem
(12) |z – 3| < 1 and |z – 4i| > M then find the positive real value of M for which there exist at least
one complex number z satisfying both the equation.
1 1
(13) If z lies on circle |z| = 2, then show that 
z4  4z2  3 3
Answers : (12) M  (0, 6)
Important results :

(i) arg z =  represnets points (non-zero) on ray

eminating from origin making an angle  with positive direction of real axis

(ii) arg (z – z1) =  represents points (z1) on ray eminating from z1 making an angle

 with positive direction of real axis

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
 2
Example # 14 : Solve for z, which satisfy Arg (z – 3 – 2i) = and Arg (z – 3 – 4i) = .
6 3
Solution : From the figure, it is clear that there is no z, which satisfy both ray

Example # 15 : Sketch the region given by

(i) /2  Arg (z – 1 – i) /3 (ii) |z|  4 & Arg (z – i – 1) >/4
Solution :
m

/3
(i) (1,1) (ii)
Re

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 Complex Numbers
Self Practice Problems

(14) Sketch the region given by

(i) |Arg (z – i – 2)| < /4 (ii) Arg (z + 1 – i) /6

(15) Consider the region |z – 4 – 3i|  3. Find the point in the region which has
(i) max |z| (ii) min |z|
(iii) max arg (z) (iv) min arg (z)

Answers : (14) (i) (ii)

32 24 8 6 28 96
(15) (i) i (ii) i (iii) i (iv) 4 + 0i
5 5 5 5 25 25
Rotation theorem :
(i) If P(z1) and Q(zz) are two complex numbers such that |z1| = |z2|, then z2 = z1 eiwhere  = POQ

 z  z2  z3  z2 i
(ii) If P(z1), Q(z2) and R(z3) are three complex numbers and PQR = , then  3  = e
 z1  z2  z1  z2

  

z3  z 4 z3  z 4
(iii) If P(z1), Q(z2), R(z3) and S(z4) are four complex numbers and STQ= , then = ei
z1  z2 z1  z2

 

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
 z  1 
Example # 16 : If arg   = then interpret the locus.
 z  1 4
 z  1   1 z  
Solution : arg   =  arg   =
 z  1 4  1  z  4

 1 z 
Here arg   represents the angle between lines joining –1 and z, and 1 and z. As this
 1  z 
angle is constant, the locus of z will be a larger segment of circle. (angle in a segment is
constant).

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 Complex Numbers
Example # 17 : If A(2 + 3i) and B(3 + 4i) are two vertices of a square ABCD (take in anticlock wise order) then
find C and D.
Solution : Let affix of C and D are z3 and z4 respectively.
Considering DAB = 90º and AD = AB
i
z4  (2  3 i) AD 2
we get = e
(3  4i) – (2  3i) AB

   z4 – (2 + 3i) = (1 + i) i  z4 = 2 + 3i+ i – 1 = 1 + 4i
i
z3  (3  4 i) CB – 2
and = e   z3 = 3 + 4i – (1 + i) (–i)
(2  3i) – (3  4i) AB
 z3 = 3 + 4i + i – 1 = 2 + 5i
Self Practice Problems
(16) Let ABC be an isosceles triangle inscribed in the circle |z|= r with AB = AC. If z1, z2, z3
represent the points A, B, C respectively, show that z2 z3 = z12

(17) Check that z1z2 and z3z4 are parallel or, not
where, z1 = 1 + i z3 = 4 + 2i
z2 = 2 – i z4 = 1 – i
(18) P is a point on the argand diagram on the circle with OP as diameter, two point Q and R are
taken such that POQ = QOR = If O is the origin and P, Q, R are represented by complex
z1, z2, z3 respectively then show that z22 cos 2 = z1z3cos2    

(19) If a, b, c ; u, v, w are complex numbers representing the vertices of two triangles such that
c = (1 – r) a + rb, w = (1 – r) u + rv where r is a complex number show that the two triangles are
similiar.
Answers : (17) z1z2 and z3z4 are not parallel.

Cube Root of Unity :

1  i 3 1  i 3
(i) The cube roots of unity are 1, , .
2 2
(ii) If  is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 +  + ² = 0. In general 1 + r + 2r = 0;
where r   but is not the multiple of 3.
(iii) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :
2 2 4 4
cos 0 + i sin 0; cos + i sin, cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
(iv) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the verties of an
equilateral triangle.
(v) The following factorisation should be remembered :
(a, b, c  R &  is the cube root of unity)
a3  b3 = (a  b) (a  b) (a  ²b) ; x2 + x + 1 = (x  ) (x  2) ;
a + b = (a + b) (a + b) (a +  b) ; a + ab + b = (a – b) (a – b )
3 3 2 2 2 2

a3 + b3 + c3  3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)

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Complex Numbers

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example # 18 : Find the value of 200 + 198 + 193.
Solution : 200 + 198 + 193
2 + 1 +  = 0.

1 1 1
Example # 19 : If W is an imaginary cube root of unity then find the value of + –
1  2w 2  w 1  w
1 1 1 1 1 1
Solution : + – = + –
1  w  w 1  (1  w) 1 w –w  w 1– w
2 2 –w 2
1 1 1 w(1  w)  w 2  1– w 2 1 w  w2
=   = = =0
w(1– w) (1– w 2 ) w 2 w 2 (1– w 2 ) w 2 (1– w 2 )
Ans. 0

Self Practice Problem

100
(20) Find  (1  
r 0
r
 2r )

(21) It is given that n is an odd integer greater than three, but n is not a multiple of 3. Prove that
x3 + x2 + x is a factor of (x + 1)n – xn – 1

(22) If x = a + b, y = a + b , z = a + b where ,  are imaginary cube roots of unity show that

xyz = a3 + b3
5 2
 n 1 
(23) If x2 – x + 1 = 0, then find the value of 
n 1
x  n 
 x 
Answers : (20) 102 (23) 8

nth Roots of Unity :

If 1, 1, 2, 3..... n  1 are the n, nth root of unity then :

(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2/n)

(ii) 1p +  1p +  p2 +.... + pn  1 = 0 if p is not an integral multiple of n
= n if p is an integral multiple of n
(iii) (1  1) (1  2)...... (1  n  1) = n &
(1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n  1) = 0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd.

(iv) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n  1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.

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Complex Numbers

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example # 20 : Find the roots of the equation z5 = – 32i, whose real part is negative.
Solution : z5 = – 32i

i(4n 1)
z5 = 25 e 2 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

i(4n1)
z = 2e 10

 3 7 11 15  7 11
i i i i i i i
z = 2e 10
, 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 roots with negative real part are 2e 10 , 2e 10 .

6
 2k 2k 
Example # 21 : Find the value   sin
k 1
7
 cos
7 
6 6 6 6
 2k   2k  2k 2k
Solution :   sin 7  –
k 1 
 cos 7  =
 k 1  
 
k 0
sin
7
–  cos
k 0
7
+1

6
= 
k 0
(Sum of imaginary part of seven seventh roots of unity)

6
– 
k 0
(Sum of real part of seven seventh roots of unity) + 1 = 0 – 0 + 1 = 1

Self Practice Problems

4

2–
1
(24) If 1, 1, 2 , 3 , 4 are the fifth roots of unity then find
i1 i

(25) If , ,  are the roots of x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 and  is a complex cube root of unity then prove
 –1  –1  –1
that    32
 –1  –1  –1

(26) Find all values of ( 256)1/4. Interpret the result geometrically.

49
Answers : (24)
31
  2r  1   2r  1  
(26) 4 cos     isin    , r = 0, 1, 2, 3; vertices of a square in a
  4   4  
circle of radius 4 & centre (0, 0)

The Sum Of The Following Series Should Be Remembered :

sin  n / 2   n  1
(i) cos  + cos 2  + cos 3  +..... + cos n  = cos   
sin   / 2   2 
sin  n / 2   n  1
(ii) sin  + sin 2  + sin 3  +..... + sin n  = sin   
sin   / 2   2 

Note : If  = (2/n) then the sum of the above series vanishes.

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Complex Numbers
Geometrical Properties :
Section formula
If z1 and z2 are affixes of the two points P and Q respectively and point C divides the line segment
joining P and Q internally in the ratio m : n then affix z of C is given by
mz2  nz1
z= where m, n > 0
mn
mz2  nz1
If C divides PQ in the ratio m : n externally then z =
mn
Note : If a, b, c are three real numbers such that az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 ; where a + b + c = 0 and a,b,c are not all
simultaneously zero, then the complex numbers z1, z2 & z3 are collinear.
(1) If the vertices A, B, C of a  are represented by complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively and a, b, c are
the length of sides then,
z1  z2  z3
(i) Centroid of the  ABC = :
3
(ii) Orthocentre of the  ABC =
 a sec A  z1  b sec B  z2   c sec C  z3
or
z1 tan A  z2 tanB  z3 tan C
a sec A  b sec B  c sec C tan A  tan B  tanC

(iii) Incentre of the  ABC = (az1 + bz2 + cz3)  (a + b + c).

(iv) Circumcentre of the  ABC = :
(Z1 sin 2A + Z2 sin 2B + Z3 sin 2C)  (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C).
(2) amp(z) =  is a ray emanating from the origin inclined at an angle  to the positive x axis.

(3) z  a = z  b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a to b.

(4) The equation of a line joining z1 & z2 is given by, z = z1 + t (z1  z2) where t is a real parameter.

(5) z = z1 (1 + it) where t is a real parameter is a line through the point z 1 & perpendicular to the line joining
z1 to the origin.

(6) The equation of a line passing through z1 & z2 can be expressed in the determinant form as
z z 1
z1 z1 1 = 0. This is also the condition for three complex numbers z, z1, z2 to be collinear. The above
z2 z2 1

equation on manipulating, takes the form  z   z  r = 0 where r is real and  is a non zero complex
constant.
z  z2 
(7) The equation of the circle described on the line segment joining z 1 & z2 as diameter is arg =±
z  z1 2

or (z  z1) ( z  z 2) + (z  z2) ( z  z 1) = 0.

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Complex Numbers
z3  z1 z4  z2
(8) Condition for four given points z1, z2, z3 & z4 to be concyclic is the number . should be
z3  z2 z4  z1
real. Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear points z1, z2 & z3 can be taken

as
 z  z2   z3  z1  is real  
 z  z2   z3  z1  =  z  z2   z3  z1  .
 z  z1   z3  z2   z  z1   z3  z2   z  z1   z3  z2 
 z  z1 
(9) Arg   = represent (i) a line segment if  = 
 z  z2 
(ii) Pair of ray if  = 0 (iii) a part of circle, if 0 <  < 

(10) If |z – z1| + |z – z2| = K > |z1 – z2| then locus of z is an ellipse whose focii are z1 & z2

z  z1
(11) If =k where k  (0, 1)  (1, ), then locus of z is circle.
z  z2

(12) If z – z1  – z – z2 = K < z1 – z2 then locus of z is a hyperbola, whose focii are z1 & z2.

Match the following columns :

Column -  Column - 
(i) If | z – 3+2i | – | z + i | = 0, (i) circle
then locus of z represents ..........
 z  1 
(ii) If arg  = , (ii) Straight line
 z  1 4
then locus of z represents...

(iii) if | z – 8 – 2i | + | z – 5 – 6i | = 5 (iii) Ellipse

then locus of z represents .......
 z  3  4i  5 
(iv) If arg  = , (iv) Hyperbola
 z  2  5i  6
then locus of z represents .......

(v) If | z – 1 | + | z + i | = 10 (v) Major Arc

then locus of z represents ........

(vi) |z–3+i|–|z+2–i|=1 (vi) Minor arc

then locus of z represents .....

(vii) | z – 3i | = 25 (vii) Perpendicular bisector of a line segment

 z  3  5i 
(viii) arg  = (viii) Line segment
 zi 
Ans.  (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
 (ii),(vii)(v) (viii) (vi) (iii) (iv) (i) (viii)

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 Complex Numbers

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
Example # 22 : If z1, z2 & z3 are the affixes of three points A, B & C respectively and satisfy the condition

|z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| and |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3| then prove that  ABC in a right

angled.
Solution : |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| 

   z1, z2 and origin will be collinear and z1, z2 will be opposite side of origin

Similarly |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3|

 z1 and (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z4 say, are collinear with origin and lies on same

side of origin. Let z4 = z1 ,  real

then (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z1

(z3  z1 ) z  z1
 i (z3 – z1) = ( – 1) z1  = ( – 1) I  3 =mei/2 , m =  – 1
z1 0  z1

 z3 – z1 is perpendicular to the vector 0 – z1 .

i.e. also z2 is on line joining origin and z1

so we can say the triangle formed by z1 , z2 and z3 is right angled.

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡

lfEeJ la[;k,¡ (Complex Numbers)

The shortest path between two truths in the real domain passes through the complex domain. ......Hadamard,
Jacques.

lfEeJ la[;k fudk; (The complex number system)

ge a + bi ds :i dh la[;k dks lfEeJ la[;k dgrs gS tgka a o b okLrfod la[;k,a gSA bls z ls iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gSA
vFkkZr z = a + ib. ‘a’ dks z dk okLrfod Hkkx ftls (Re z) rFkk ‘b’ dks dkYifud Hkkx ftls (Im z) }kjk fu:fir djrs gSA
dksbZ lfEeJ la[;k
(i) fo'kq) okLrfod gS] ;fn b = 0 gksA
(ii) dkYifud gS] ;fn b  0 gksA
(iii) fo'kq) dkYifud gS] ;fn a = 0 gksA
uksV :
(a) okLrfod la[;kvksa dk leqPp; R lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk mfpr mileqPp; gSA vr% lEiw.kZ la[;k fudk;
N  W  I  Q  R  C gSA

(b) 'kwU; 'kq) okLrfod ,oa fo'kq) dkYifud gS ysfdu dkYifud ugha gSA
(c) i=  1 dks dkYifud bdkbZ dgk tkrk gSArFkk i² =  1; i3 =  i ; i4 = 1 bR;kfnA
(d) a b = ab ;g dsoy rHkh lEHko gS tc de ls de a ;k b esa ls ,d _.kkRed ugha gksA
(e) ;fn z = a + ib gks] rks a – ib dks z dk la;qXeh lfEeJ dgk tkrk gS ftls z = a – ib fy[kk tkrk gSA
(f) okLrfod la[;k,a Øe lEcU/k dks lUrq"V djrh gS ijUrq dkYifud la[;k,a Øe lEcU/k dks lUrq"V ugha gS
vFkkZr~ i > 0, 3 + i < 2 vFkZghu gSaA
vH;kl dk;Z %
(1) fuEufyf[kr dks lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds :i esa fyf[k, &
(i) 16 (ii) x , (x > 0) (iii) –b + 4ac , (a, c> 0)
(2) fuEufyf[kr dks lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds :i esa fyf[k,A
(i) x (x < 0) (ii) roots of x2 – (2 cos) x + 1 = 0
Answers : (1) (i) 0 + 4i (ii) x + 0i (iii) –b + i 4ac
(2) (i) 0+i x (ii) cos  + i sin  , cos  – i sin 
chtxf.krh; lafØ;k,¡ (Algebraic Operations)
lfEeJ la[;kvksa dh ewyHkwr lafØ;k,sa
lfEeJ la[;k esa lafØ;k yxkus ds fy, ge okLrfod la[;kvksa dh chtxf.kr dk mi;ksx djrs gS] i2 dks – 1 ls
izfrLFkkfir djrs gS tc ;g izkIr gksrk gksA
1. ;ksx (a + bi) + (c + di) = a + bi + c + di = (a + c) + (b + d) i
2. O;odyu (a + bi) – (c + di) = a + bi – c – di = (a – c) + (b – d) i
3. xq.ku (a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi2 = (ac – bd) + (ad+ bc)i
a  bi a  bi c  di ac  adi  bci  bdi2
4. foHkktu = . =
c  di c  di c  di c 2  d2i2
ac  bd  (bc  ad)i ac  bd bc  ad
= = + i
c d
2 2
c d
2 2
c 2  d2
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,
 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
lfEeJ la[;kvksa esa vlfedk,¡ ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA ;fn ge dgs fd lfEeJ la[;k /kukRed gS ;k _.kkRed rks ;g
ekU; ugha gSA
mnkgj.k % z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4 i vFkZghu gaSA
okLrfod la[;kvksa esa ;fn a2 + b2 = 0 gks] rks a = 0 = b rFkkfi lfEeJ la[;kvksa esa z12 + z22 = 0 gksus dk eryc
z1 = z2 = 0 ugha gSaA

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
mnkgj.k # 1 : 4 + 3i dkxq.ku izfrykse Kkr dhft,A
gy : ekuk fd 4 + 3i dk xq.ku izfrykse z gS rc
  z (4 + 3i) = 1
1 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i 4  3i
z= × = = . Ans.
4  3i 4  3i 16  9 25 25
vH;kl dk;Z %
(3) in + in+1 + in+2 + in+3 dks ljy dhft,A (tgk¡ n ) Ans. 0

lfEeJ la[;kvksa dh rqY;rk (Equality In Complex Number) :

nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z1 = a1 + ib1 vkSj z2 = a2 + ib2 cjkcj gS ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn muds okLrfod Hkkx ,oa dkYifud Hkkx
Øe'k% cjkcj gksA
vFkkZr~ z1 = z2  Re(z1) = Re(z2) ,oa m (z1) = m (z2).

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
mnkgj.k # 2 : x vkSj y dk eku Kkr dhft, ftlds fy, (x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy), tgk¡ x, y  R gSA
gy : (x4 + 2xi) – (3x2 + yi) = (3 – 5i) + (1 + 2iy)  x4 – 3x2 – 4 = 0 x2 = 4  x = ± 2
vkSj 2x – y = – 5 + 2y
2x + 5 = 3y
tc x=2y=3 vkSj x = – 2  y = 1/3 Ans. (2,3) ;k (–2,1/3)
mnkgj.k # 3 : ;fn x = – 1 + i gks] rks O;atd x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x + 3 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
gy : x=–1+i
(x + 1)2 = i2
x2 + 2x + 2 = 0
vc, x4 + 4x3 + 5x2 + 2x + 3 = (x2 + 2x + 2) (x2 + 2x – 1) + 5 = 5 Ans. 5

mnkgj.k # 4 : – 21 – 20i dk oxZewy Kkr dhft,A

gy : ekuk x + iy = –21– 20i
(x + iy)2 = – 21 – 20 i
x2 – y2 = – 21 ----- (i)
xy = – 10 ----- (ii)
(i) rFkk (ii) ls x2 = 4  x = ± 2
tc x = 2, y = – 5 rFkk x = –2, y = 5
x + iy = (2 – i5) ;k (–2 + i5)

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
vH;kl dk;Z %
(4) z = i z2 dks z ds fy, ljy dhft,A
(5) 4x² + 3xy + (2xy  3x²)i = 4y²  (x2/2) + (3xy  2y²)i dks gy dhft;s tgka x, y  R
3 1 3K
Answers : (4) ± – i, 0, i (5) x = K, y = KR
2 2 2
lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk fu:i.k (Representation of a complex number)
izR;sd lfEeJ la[;k ds fy, lery esa ek=k ,d fcUnq gksrk gS vkSj foykser% lery esa izR;sd fcUnq ds fy, ek=k ,d
lfEeJ la[;k gksrh gSA blh dkj.k ge izk;% lfEeJ la[;k z dks fcUnq z dgrs gSA
(a) dkrhZ; :i ¼T;kferh; fu:i.k½ %
izR;sd lfEeJ la[;k z = x + i y dks ,d fcUnq }kjk dkrhZ; lery ij Øfer ;qXe (x, y) ls iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gS
,oa bl dkrhZ; lery dks lfEeJ lery ;k vkxZ.M lery dgk tkrk gSA

yEckbZ OP dks lfEeJ la[;k dk ekikad dgrs gS ftls z ls fu:fir fd;k tkrk gS vkSj  dks
dks.kkad dgk tkrk gSA
z = x 2  y 2 vkSj tan  =   (/kukRed x-v{k ds lkFk OP }kjk cuk;k x;k dks.k)
y

x
uksV %
(i) lfEeJ la[;k dk dks.kkad ,d cgqekuh; Qyu gSA ;fn  ,d lfEeJ la[;k dk dks.kkad gks rks
2n+ ; n   Hkh ml lfEeJ la[;k dk dks.kkad gksxkA ,d lfEeJ la[;k ds fdUgha nks dks.kkadksa ds chp
dk vUrj 2ngksrk gSA
(ii)  dk vf}rh; eku tks   <   dks larq"V djrk gks] dks.kkad dk eq[; eku dgykrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa
dks.kkad (z), dks.kkad dk eq[; eku dgykrk gSA
(iii) ,d lfEeJ la[;k dks mlds dks.kkad ,oa ekikad ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA lfEeJ la[;k 0 + i0 ds fy,
dks.kkad ifjHkkf"kr ugha gS ,oa ;g dsoy ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS ftls blds ekikad ls gh ifjHkkf"kr fd;k
tkrk gSA
(b) f=kdks.khferh; / /kqzoh; fu:i.k :
z = r (cos  + i sin ) tgk¡ z = r; dks.kkad z = ; z = r (cos  i sin )

fVIi.kh : cos  + i sin  dks CiS  ds :i esa fy[k ldrs gSA

(c) vkW;yj dk fu:i.k :
z = rei; z = r; dks.kkad z = ; z = re i
bl lw=k dh mRifÙk orZeku ifjppkZ ls ijs gSA foLrkj dk iz;ksx djds bl lw=k dh mRifÙk fuEuor~ nh tk ldrh gSA

ei= cos + i sin .

ei  ei ei  ei
uksV % ;fn okLrfod gS] rks cos  = ; sin  =
2 2i

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
(d) lfn'kh; fu:i.k :
izR;sd lfEeJ la[;k dks fdlh fcUnq ds fLFkfr lfn'k ds :i ls fu:fir fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn dksbZ fcUnq P
 
lfEeJ la[;k z dks iznf'kZr djs rks OP = z &  OP  = z

lfEeJ la[;k dk dks.kkad (Agrument of a Complex Number)
v'kwU; lfEeJ la[;k P(z) ds dks.kkad dks arg (z) ls fu:fir fd;k tkrk gSA arg z = OP }kjk okLrfod v{k dh /kukRed
fn'kk ls cuk;k x;k dks.k ;fn OP = |z| = r vkSj arg(z) =  gks] rks LoHkkfod :i ls z = r(cos + isin)] dks z dk /kqzoh;
:i dgk tkrk gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd z dk dks.kkad] z ds dks.kkad dk eq[; eku gksrk gS vFkkZr~ dks.kkad (–, ] ds chp jgrk
gS tc rd nwljk izfrcU/k ugha gksA bl izdkj lfEeJ la[;k z = a + ib = r(cos + isin) dk dks.kkad dk og eku gS tks
rcos = a vkSj rsin = b dks larq"V djrk gSA
b
ekuk  = tan–1
a

(i) a > 0, b > 0 eq[; eku dks.kkad z = 


(ii) a = 0, b > 0 eq[; eku dks.kkad z =
2

(iii) a < 0, b > 0 eq[; eku dks.kkad z =  – 

 (iv) a < 0, b = 0 eq[; eku dks.kkad z = 

(v) a < 0, b < 0 eq[; eku dks.kkad z = – ( – )


(vi) a = 0, b < 0 eq[; eku dks.kkad z = –
2

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡

(vii) a > 0, b < 0 eq[; eku dks.kkad z = – 

(viii) a > 0, b = 0 eq[; eku dks.kkad z = – 0

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
mnkgj.k # 5 : ;fn (z)2 + 2|z| = 0 gks] rks z ds fy, gy dhft,A
gy : ekuk z = x + iy

 x2 – y2 – 2ixy + 2 x 2  y 2 = 0  x2 – y2 + 2 x 2  y 2 = 0 vkSj 2xy = 0

tc x = 0,  – y2 + 2|y| = 0   y = 0, 2, – 2  z = 0, 2i, – 2i
tc y=0  x + 2|x| = 0
2
 x=0z=0
Ans. z = 0, 2i, – 2i.

3
mnkgj.k # 6 : lfEeJ la[;k z = 1 + i tan , <  < dk ekikad rFkk eq[; dks.kkad Kkr dhft;sA
2
3
gy : |z| = 1  tan2  = |sec| = – sec, tgk¡ <  <
2
tan 
Arg (z) = tan–1 = tan– 1 (tan) = –
1
 Ans. –sec , – 

vH;kl dk;Z %
(2  i) (3 – 4i)
(6) lfEeJ la[;k z = ds dks.kkad dk eq[; eku vkSj |z| Kkr dhft,A
3i
(7) lfEeJ la[;k z = –8(cos 310º – i sin 310°) ds dks.kkad dk eq[; eku rFkk |z| Kkr dhft,A
5 2
Answers : (6) – /4 , (7) 8, –130°
2
n~%ek;oj izes; (Demoivre’s Theorem)
fLFkfr  dFku : ;fn n dksbZ iw.kkZad la[;k gks] rks
(i) (cos  + i sin  )n = cos n + i sin n

(ii) (cos 1 + i sin 1) (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos3 + i sin 2) (cos 3 + i sin 3) .....(cos n
+ i sin n)
= cos (1 + 2 + 3 + ......... n) + i sin (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n)

fLFkfr  dFku : ;fn p, q  Z ,oa q  0 gks] rks

 2k  p   2k  p 
(cos  + i sin )p/q = cos   + i sin   tgk¡ k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......, q – 1
 q   q 

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
uksV : fdlh lfEeJ jkf'k ds ewyksa ds Øfer xq.kuQy dks lehdj.k fl)kar dk iz;ksx djds Kkr djuk pkfg,A

vH;kl dk;Z %
(8) fuEufyf[kr loZ lfedkvksa dks fl) dhft;s
(a) cos 5 = 16 cos5 – 20 cos3 + 5 cos ;
(b) (sin 5)/(sin)=16 cos4 – 12 cos2 + 1,
;fn   0, ±  , ± 2 .........
(9) loZlfedkvksa dks fl) dhft;s
3 1 1 1 3
(a) sin3 = sin  – sin 3 , (b) cos4 = cos 4 + cos 2 +
4 4 8 2 8

ewyHkwr lafØ;kvksa dk T;kferh; fu:i.k

(Geometrical Representation of Fundamental Operations)
(i) ;ksx dk T;kferh; fu:i.k (Geometrical representation of addition)

;fn nks fcUnq P o Q Øe'k% lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1 o z2 dks vkxZ.M lery ij fu:fir djrs gS] rks z1 + z2, OP o
OQ Hkqtk okys lekUrj prqHkqZt ds fod.kZ OR ds vUr fcUnq R }kjk fu:fir gksrk gSA

(ii) vUrj dk T;kferh; fu:i.k (Geometric representation of substraction)

(iii) nks lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds xq.kuQy ds ekikad ,oa dks.kkad

(Modulus and argument of multiplication of two complex numbers)

izes; : fdUgh nks lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1 o z2 ds fy, |z1 z2| = |z1| |z2| vkSj dks.kkad (z1z2) = dks.kkad (z1) + dks.kkad (z2).
izek.k : z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2
z1z2 = r1r2 ei( 1 2 )  |z1z2| = |z1| |z2|
dks.kkad (z1z2) = dks.kkad (z1) + dks.kkad (z2)
vFkkZr nks lfEeJ la[;kvksa dks xq.kk djus ds fy, ge muds fujis{k ekuksa dks xq.kk djrs gS rFkk mud dks.kkdksa dks
tksM+rs gSA
uksV : (i) P.V. arg (z1z2)  P.V. arg (z1) + P.V. arg (z2)
(ii) |z1 z2 .... zn| = |z1| |z2| ..... |zn|
(iii) arg (z1z2 .... zn) = arg z1 + arg z2 + ..... + arg zn

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
(iv) lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds xq.kuQy dk T;kferh; fu:i.k
(Geometrical representation of multiplication of complex numbers)
ekuk P, Q Øe'k% z1 = r1 ei1 , z2 = r2 ei2 }kjk iznf'kZr gaSA fcUnq R izkIr djus ds fy, tks fd lfEeJ la[;k z1z2
dks fu:fir djrk gSA ge okLrfod v{k ij ,d fcUnq L bl izdkj ysrs gS fd OL = 1 vkSj ,d f=kHkqt OQR [khaprs
gS tks fd f=kHkqt OLP ds le:i gSA bl izdkj

OR OP ˆ
=  OR = OP.OQ i.e. OR = r1r2 and QOR = 1
OQ OL
ˆ + POQ
ˆ = LOP
LOR ˆ ˆ
+ QOR = 1 + 2 – 1 + 1 = 1 + 2
vr% R, z1z2 = r1r2 ei( 1 2 ) }kjk iznf'kZr gSA

(v) nks lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds HkkxQy dk ekikad ,oa dks.kkad

(Modulus and argument of division of two complex numbers)
z1 |z |  z1 
izes; : ;fn z1 vkSj z2 (0) nks lfEeJ la[;k,a gS rks = 1 vkSj arg   = arg (z1) – arg (z2)
z2 | z2 |  z2 
z 
uksV : P.V. arg  1   P.V. arg (z1) – P.V. arg (z2)
 z2 

(vi) lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds HkkxQy dk T;kferh; fu:i.k

(Geometrical representation of the division of complex numbers)
z1
ekuk P, Q Øe'k% z1 = r1ei1 , z2 = r2ei2 }kjk iznf'kZr gSA lfEeJ la[;k dks iznf'kZr djus okys fcUnq R dks
z2
izkIr djus ds fy,] ge okLrfod v{k ij fcUnq L bl izdkj ysrs gS fd OL = 1 vkSj f=kHkqt OPR [khaprs gS tks fd
OP OR r1
f=kHkqt OQL ds le:i gSA bl izdkj =  OR =
OQ OL r2
vkSj LOR ˆ – ROP
ˆ = LOP ˆ = –
1 2

z1 r
vr% R = 1 ei( 1 2 ) }kjk iznf'kZr gSA
z2 r2

lfEeJ la[;k dk la;qXeh (Conjugate of a complex Number)

lfEeJ l[a;k z = a + b dk la;qXeh z = a – ib }kjk ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA
;fn fdlh lfEeJ la[;k esa i dks – i ls izfrLFkkfir dj fn;k tk,] rks gesa lfEeJ la[;k dk la;qXeh izkIr gksrk
gS] z vkxZ.M lery esa okLrfod v{k ds lkis{k z dk niZ.k izfrfcEc gksrk gSA

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
lfEeJ la[;k ds la;qXeh dk T;kferh; fu:i.k
(Geometrical representation of conjugate of complex number)

|z| = | z |
arg (z) = – arg (z)
arg (z) dk O;kid eku = 2n – P.V. arg (z)
xq.k/keZ
zz zz
(i) ;fn z = x + iy, gks rks x = ,y= (ii) z= z  z iw.kZr;% okLrfod gS
2 2i
(iii) z+ z =0  z iw.kZr;% dkYifud gSA (iv) ekikad ,oa la;qXeh ds e/; lEcU/k|z|2 = z z
(v) zz (vi) (z1  z2 ) = z1 ± z2
 z1  (z1 )
(vii) (z1 z2 ) = z1 z2 , In general (zn ) = (z)n (viii)  = (z2  0)
 z2  (z2 )
izes; : okLrfod xq.kkadksa okyh cgqinh; lehdj.k ds dkYifud ewy la;qXeh ;qXe ds :i esa gksrs gSA
uksV : ;fn w = f(z), gks rks w = f( z )
izes; : |z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± (z1 z2 + z1 z2) = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 Re(z1 z2 )
= |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 |z1| |z2| cos (1 – 2)

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
z 1
mnkgj.k # 7 : ;fn fo'kq) dkYifud gks] rks fl) dhft, fd | z | = 1
z 1
 z  1 z  1  z  1 z 1 z 1
gy : Re   = 0  +   = 0  + =0
 z  1  z  1  z  1 z 1 z 1
 
 zz –z + z– 1 + zz – z+ z –1 = 0
 zz =1  | z |2 = 1  |z|=1

mnkgj.k # 8 : ;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,a gS vkSj c > 0, rks fl) djsa |z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
gy : gesa fl) djuk gS: |z1 + z2|2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 + c–1) |z2|2
vFkkZr~ |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1 z 2 + z 1z2  (1 + c) |z1|2 + (1 +c–1) |z2|2
1
;k z1 z 2 + z 1z2  c|z1|2 + c–1|z2|2 ;k c|z1|2 + |z |2 – z1 z 2 – z 1 z2  0
c 2
2
 1 
dk iz;ksx djus ij) (Re (z1 z 2)  |z1 z 2|);k  c z1  | z2 |   0tks fd ges'kk lR; gSA
 c 
mnkgj.k # 9 : ekuk z1 vkSj z2 lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd z1  z2 vkSj |z1| = |z2|. ;fn z1 dk okLrfod Hkkx /kukRed
z1  z2
,oa z2 dk dkYifud Hkkx _.kkRed gks rks fl) dhft;s iw.kZr;% dkYifud gSA
z1  z2

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
 
gy : z1 = r (cos + i sin ), – <<
2 2
z1  z2    3
z2 = r (cos + i sin ), –<<0  = – i cot   , – < <
z1  z2  2  4 2 4
iw.kZr;% dkYifud gSA
vH;kl dk;Z %
(10) ;fn |z + | > | z  1| rFkk |  | 1 , rks fl) dhft, |z| < 1.
(11) ;fn z = x + iy vkSj f(z) = x2 – y2 – 2y + i(2x – 2xy), rks n'kkZb, fd f(z) = z 2 +2iz

nwjh] f=kHkqth; vlfedk (Distance, Triangular Inequality)

;fn z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2 rks vkxZ.M lery esa z1, z2 ds e/; nwjh |z1 – z2| = (x1  x 2 )2  (y1  y 2 )2
f=kHkqt OAC esa
OC  OA + AC
OA  AC + OC
AC  OA + OC
bu vlfedkvksa dk iz;ksx djus ij ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 + z2|  |z1| + |z2|
blh izdkj f=kHkqt OAB ls
ge tkurs gS fd ||z1| – |z2||  |z1 – z2|  |z1| + |z2|

uksV :
(a) ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 + z2|, |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn ewy fcUnq] z1 vkSj z2 lajs[k gaS vkSj ewyfcUnq
z1 vkSj z2 ds e/; gSA
(b) |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 – z2| ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn ewy fcUnq] z1 vkSj z2 lajs[k gaS vkSj z1 vkSj z2
ewy fcUnq ls ,d gh fn'kk esa fLFkr gSA

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
mnkgj.k # 10 : ;fn |z – 5 – 7i| = 9 rks |z – 2 – 3i| dk egÙke ,oa U;wure eku Kkr dhft;sA
gy : ge tkurs gS fd 9 = |z – (5 + 7i)| = z vkSj 5 + 7i ds e/; nwjhA
bl izdkj z dk fcUnqiFk f=kT;k 9 vkSj dsUnz 5 + 7i okyk ,d o`Ùk gSA bl izdkj ds z ds fy, (o`Ùk ij),
gesa2 + 3i ls egÙke ,oa U;wure nwjh Kkr djuh gS rks Li"Vr;% 14 vkSj 4 gSA
mnkgj.k # 11 : |z| + |z – 2| dk U;wure eku Kkr dhft;sA
gy : |z| + |z – 2||z + 2 – z|  |z| + |z – 22 Ans. 2

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
mnkgj.k # 12 : ;fn i  [/6, /3], i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, vkSj z4 cos 1 + z3 cos 2 + z2 cos 3. + z cos 4 + cos5
3
=2 3 rc n'kkZb;sa fd |z| >
4
gy : fn;k x;k gS cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5 = 23
;k |cos1 . z4 + cos2 . z3 + cos3 . z2 + cos4 . z + cos5| = 23
23  |cos1 . z4 | + |cos2 . z3 | + |cos3 . z2 | + cos4 . z| + |cos5 |
 i  [/6, /3]
1 3
  cosi 
2 2
3 4 3 3 3 3
2 3  |z| + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z| +
2 2 2 2 2
3  |z|4 + |z|3 + |z|2 + |z|
fLFkfr I : ;fn |z| > 1, rc mijksDr ifj.kke lR; gSA

fLFkfr II : ;fn |z| < 1, rc

3 < |z| + |z|2 + |z|3 + |z|4 +|z|5 + .........
|z| 3 3
3<  3 – 3 |z| < |z|  |z| > vr% nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa ls, |z| >
1 | z | 4 4

3
mnkgj.k # 13 : ;fn z  = 2 rks |z| dk egÙke ,oa U;wure eku Kkr dhft;sA
z
3 3
gy : z  z
z z
ekuk |z| = r
3 3
r 2 –2r– 2
r r
r2 + 2r – 3  0 ........(i)
rFkk r2 – 2r – 3  0 ........(ii)  r  [1, 3]
(i) rFkk (ii) ls |z|max = 3 rFkk |z|min = 1.

vH;kl dk;Z %
(12) |z – 3| < 1
vkSj |z – 4i| > M, rks M dk og /kukRed okLrfod eku Kkr dhft;s ftlds fy, de ls de
,d lfEeJ la[;k z gks tks nksuksa lehdj.kksa dks lUrq"V djsA
1 1
(13) ;fn z o`Ùk |z| = 2 ij fLFkr gS rks n'kkZb, fd 
z  4z  3
4 2 3
Answers : (12) M  (0, 6)

egRoiw.kZ fu"d"kZ :
(i) arg z = ] okLrfod v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ds lkFk  dks.k cukus okyh rFkk ewy fcUnq ls fudyus okyh
fdj.k ij fLFkr fcUnqvksa dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
(ii) arg (z – z1) = ] okLrfod v{k dh /kukRed fn'kk ds lkFk  dks.k cukus okyh rFkk z1 ls fudyus okyh
fdj.k ij fLFkr fcUnqvksa (z1) dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA

 2
mnkgj.k # 14 : z ds fy, gy dhft;s tks Arg (z – 3 – 2i) = vkSj Arg (z – 3 – 4i) = dks larq"V djrk gSA
6 3
gy : fp=kkuqlkj ;g Li"V gS fd ,slk dksbZ fcUnq ugha gS tks nksuksa fdj.kksa dks lUrq"V djsaA

mnkgj.k # 15 : fuEufyf[kr {ks=kksa dks n'kkZb,A

(i) /2  Arg (z – 1 – i) /3 (ii) |z|  4 & Arg (z – i – 1) >/4
gy :
m

/3
(i) (1,1) (ii)
Re

vH;kl dk;Z %
(14) fn;s x;s {ks=k dks n'kkZb,
(i) |Arg (z – i – 2)| < /4 (ii) Arg (z + 1 – i) /6

(15) ekuk ,d {ks=k |z – 4 – 3i|  3gSA bl {ks=k esa og fcUnq Kkr dhft;s tks fd
(i) max |z| (ii) min |z|
(iii) max arg (z) (iv) min arg (z)

Answers : (14) (i) (ii)

32 24 8 6 28 96
(15) (i) i (ii) i (iii) i (iv) 4 + 0i
5 5 5 5 25 25

?kw.kZu izes; (Rotation theorem) :

(i) ;fn P(z1) vkSj Q(zz) nks lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd |z1| = |z2|] rks z2 = z1 ei tgka  = POQ

 z3  z 2  z3  z2 i
(ii) ;fn P(z1), Q(z2) vkSj R(z3) rhu lfEeJ la[;k,a gSa vkSj PQR = ]rks   = e
 z1  z2  z1  z2

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡

 


z3  z 4 z3  z 4
(iii) ;fn P(z1), Q(z2), R(z3) vkSj S(z4) pkj lfEeJ la[;k,a gS vkSj STQ = ]rks = ei
z1  z 2 z1  z2

 


SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
z 1 
mnkgj.k # 16 : ;fn arg  
 = rks fcUnqiFk fu/kkZfjr dhft;sA
 z  1 4
 z  1   1 z  
gy : arg   =  arg   =
 z  1 4  1  z  4

1 z
;gk¡ arg  
 –1 , z vkSj 1 rFkk z dks feykus okyh js[kkvksa ds e/; dks.k dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA pwafd
 1  z 
;g dks.k fu;r gS] z dk fcUnqiFk o`Ùk dk ,d Hkkx gksxkA ¼,d gh o`Ùk [k.M+ ds dks.k leku gksrs gS½
mnkgj.k # 17 : ;fn A(2 + 3i) vkSj B(3 + 4i) ,d oxZ ABCD (okekorZ Øe esa ysus ij) ds nks 'kh"kZ gS rks C o D Kkr djsaA
gy : ekuk C o D Øe'k% z3 o z4 ls iznf'kZr gS
DAB = 90º vkSj AD = AB ysus ij
i
z 4  (2  3 i) AD 2
gesa izkIr gksrk gS = e
(3  4i) – (2  3i) AB

   z4 – (2 + 3i) = (1 + i) i  z4 = 2 + 3i+ i – 1 = 1 + 4i
i
z3  (3  4 i) CB –
vkSj = e 2
(2  3i) – (3  4i) AB
  z3 = 3 + 4i – (1 + i) (–i)  z3 = 3 + 4i + i – 1 = 2 + 5i

vH;kl dk;Z %
(16) ekuk ABC o`Ùk |z|= r ds vUrxZr lef)ckgq f=kHkqt gS rFkk AB = AC. ;fn z1, z2, z3 fcUnq A, B, C dks
fu:fir djrs gS rks fl) dhft, z2 z3 = z12

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
(17) irk yxkb, fd z1z2 vkSj z3z4 lekarj gS ;k ugha] tgk¡, z1 = 1 + i, z2 = 2 – i, z3 = 4 + 2i, z4 = 1 – i
(18) vkxZUM lery ij dksbZ fcUnq P gS tks fd ml o`Ùk ij fLFkr gSa ftldk O;kl OP gS] nks fcUnq Q vkSj R bl
izdkj fy, tkrs gS fd POQ = QOR =  gks ;fn ewy fcUnq O vkSj P, Q, R dks Øe'k% lfEeJ la[;kvksa
z1, z2, z3 ls fu:fir fd;k tkrk gks rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd z22 cos 2 = z1z3cos2 

(19) ;fn a, b, c ; u, v, w nks f=kHkqtksa ds 'kh"kksZ dks fu:fir djus okyh lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd
c = (1 – r) a + rb, w = (1 – r) u + rv tgka r ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS] rks n'kkZb;s fd nksuksa f=kHkqt le:i gSA

Ans. (17) vr% z1z2 vkSj z3z4 lekarj ugha gSA

bdkbZ ds ?kuewy (Cube Root Of Unity)
1  i 3 1  i 3
(i) bdkbZ ds ?kuewy 1, , .
2 2
(ii) ;fn bdkbZ ds dkYifud ?kuewyksa esa ls ,d 
gks] rks 1 +  + ² = 0 gksrk gSA lkekU; :i esa
1 + r + 2r = 0, tgk¡ r   ysfdu r, 3 dk xq.kt u gksA
(iii) bdkbZ ds ?kuewyksa dk /kzqoh; :i :
2 2 4 4
cos 0 + i sin 0; cos + i sin , cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
(iv) tc bdkbZ ds rhuksa ?kuewyksa dks fdlh vkxZM lery esa fu:fir fd;k tkrk gks] rks os ,d leckgq f=kHkqt
ds'kh"kZ dks fu:fir djrs gSA
(v) fuEufyf[kr xq.ku[k.Mks dks ;kn j[kuk pkfg, &
(a, b, c  R vkSj  bdkbZ dk ?kuewy gSA)
a3  b3 = (a  b) (a  b) (a  ²b) ; x2 + x + 1 = (x  ) (x  2) ;
a + b = (a + b) (a + b) (a +  b) ; a + ab + b = (a – b) (a – b )
3 3 2 2 2 2

a3 + b3 + c3  3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
mnkgj.k # 18 : 200 + 198 + 193 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
gy :  200
+
198
+ 193
 2 + 1 +  = 0.
1 1 1
mnkgj.k # 19 : ;fn bdkbZ ds ?kuewy 1,  , 2 gks] rks] + – dk eku Kkr dhft,A
1  2w 2  w 1  w
1 1 1 1 1 1
gy : + – = + –
1  w  w 1  (1  w) 1 w –w  w 1– w
2 2
–w 2
1 1 1 w(1  w)  w 2  1– w 2 1 w  w2
=   = = =0
w(1– w) (1– w 2 ) w 2 w 2 (1– w 2 ) w 2 (1– w 2 )
Ans. 0
vH;kl dk;Z %
100
(20)  (1  
r 0
r
 2r ) dk eku Kkr dhft,A

(21) fn;k gS fd n ,d fo"ke iw.kk±d gS tks fd rhu ls cM+k gS ysfdu n, 3 dk xq.kt ugha gSA fl) dhft;s
x3 + x2 + x , (x + 1)n – xn – 1 dk ,d xq.ku[k.M+ gSA
(22) ;fn x = a + b, y = a + b , z = a + b tgka ,  bdkbZ ds dkYifud ?kuewy gSA n'kkZb;s fd
xyz = a3 + b3
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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
5 2
 n 1 
(23) ;fn x – x + 1 = 0 rks 
2
x  n  dk eku Kkr dhft;sA
n 1  x 
Answers : (20) 102 (23) 8

bdkbZ dk n ok¡ ewy (nth Roots of Unity)

;fn bdkbZ ds n osa] n ewy 1, 1, 2, 3..... n  1 gSA

(i) ;s xq- Js- esa gS ftldk lkoZ vuqikr ei(2/n)

(ii) 1p +  1p +  p2 +.... + pn  1 = 0 ;fn p, n dk iw.kk±d xq.kt ugha gks
= n, ;fn p, n dk iw.kkZad xq.kt gksA
(iii) (1  1) (1  2)...... (1  n  1) = n vkSj
(1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n  1) = 0 ;fn n ] le gks vkSj 1 ;fn n fo"ke gksA
(iv) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n  1 = 1 ;k 1, n fo"ke vkSj le gksus ds vuqlkjA

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
mnkgj.k # 20 : lehdj.k z5 = – 32i ds os ewy Kkr dhft, ftuds okLrfod Hkkx _.kkRed gSA
gy : z5 = – 32i

i(4n 1)
z5 = 25 e 2 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4.

i(4n 1)
z= 2e 10

 3 7 11 15  7 11
i i i i i i i
z = 2e 10
, 2e 10
, 2e 10 , 2e 10 , 2e 10 ewy ftuds okLrfod Hkkx _.kkRed 2e 10 , 2e 10 .

6
 2k 2k 
mnkgj.k # 21 :   sin
k 1
7
 cos
7 
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
6 6 6 6
 2k   2k  2k 2k
gy :   sin
k 1
–
7  k 1  
cos
7 
=  sin
k 0
7
–  cos
k 0
7
+1

6
= 
k 0
(bdkbZ ds lkrosa 7 ewyksa ds dkYifud Hkkxksa dk ;ksx)

6
– 
k 0
(bdkbZ ds lkrosa 7 ewyksa ds okLrfod Hkkxksa dk ;ksx) + 1 = 0 – 0 + 1 = 1

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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
vH;kl dk;Z %
4

2–
1
(24) ;fn 1, 1, 2 , 3 , 4 bZdkbZ ds ik¡posa ewy gS rks dk eku Kkr dhft,A
i1 i

(25) ;fn , ,  lehdj.k ds ewy gS x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 rFkk  bZdkbZ dk dkYifud ewy gS rks fl) dhft,
 –1  –1  –1
   32
 –1  –1  –1

(26) ( 256)1/4 ds lHkh eku Kkr dhft;sA fu"d"kZ dks T;kferh; :i esa O;Dr dhft;sA
49
Answers : (24)
31
  2r  1   2r  1  
(26) 4 cos     isin    ,, r = 0, 1, 2, 3; f=kT;k 4 ,oa dsUnz (0, 0) okys o`Ùk esa fLFkr
  4   4  
oxZ ds 'kh"kZ gSA

fuEufyf[kr Jsf.k;ksa ds ;ksx Qy dks ;kn j[kuk pkfg,

(The Sum Of The Following Series Should Be Remembered)
sin n / 2   n  1
(i) cos  + cos 2  + cos 3  +..... + cos n  = cos   
sin   / 2   2 
sin n / 2   n  1
(ii) sin  + sin 2  + sin 3  +..... + sin n  = sin   
sin   / 2   2 
uksV : ;fn  = (2/n) gks] rks bu mijksDr Jsf.k;ksa ds ;ksxQy 'kwU; gksrs gSA

T;kferh; xq.k/keZ (Geometrical Properties)

foHkktu lw=k %
;fn nks fcUnqvksa P vkSj Q dks Øe'k% z1 vkSj z2 ls iznf'kZr djrs gS rFkk fcUnq C js[kk[k.M PQ dks m : n esa
mz2  nz1
vUr%foHkktu djrk gS] rks C dks z = ls iznf'kZr djrs gSA tgk¡ m, n > 0
mn
mz2  nz1
;fn PQ dks fcUnq C , m : n esa ckg~; foHkktu djrk gks] rks z=
mn
uksV % ;fn rhu okLrfod la[;k,¡ a, b, c bl izdkj gS fd az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 tgk¡ a + b + c = 0 ,oa a,b,c ,d lkFk
'kwU; ugha gks] rks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z1, z2 vkSj z3 lajs[kh; gSA

(1) ;fn f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kk±s A, B vkSj C dks Øe'k% lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1, z2 vkSj z3 ls iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gks rFkk
Hkqtkvksa dh yEckbZ;ksa dks a, b, c ls fu:fir fd;k tkrk gks] rks
z1  z2  z3
(i) f=kHkqt ABC dk dsUnzd = :
3
(ii) ABC dk yEcdsUnz =
 a sec A  z1  b sec B  z2   c sec C  z3
;k
z1 tan A  z 2 tanB  z3 tan C
a sec A  b sec B  c sec C tan A  tan B  tanC
(iii)  ABC dk var%dsUnz = (az1 + bz2 + cz3)  (a + b + c).
(iv)  ABC dk ifjdsUnz = (Z1 sin 2A + Z2 sin 2B + Z3 sin 2C)  (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C).
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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
(2) dks.kkad (z) =  ewy fcUnq ls fudyus okyh fdj.k gS tks x v{k ls dks.k  cukrh gSA

(3) a dks b ls feykus okyh js[kk dk yEc lef}Hkktd z  a = z  b gSA

(4) z1 vkSj z2 dks feykus okyh js[kk dk lehdj.k, z = z1 + t (z1  z2) }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA tgk¡ t ,d
okLrfodizkpy gSA
(5) z = z1 (1 + it),tgk¡ t ,d okLrfod izkpy gS] ,d ,slh js[kk gS tks z1 vkSj ewyfcUnq dks feykus okyh js[kk
ds yEcor~ gks rFkk z1 ls xqtjrh gksA
z z 1
(6) fcUnq z1 vkSj z2 ls xqtjus okyh js[kk ds lehdj.k dks lkjf.kd :i esa z1 z1 1 = 0 iznf'kZr fd;k tk
z2 z2 1
ldrk gSA ;g rhu lfEeJ la[;kvksa z, z1 ,oa z2 ds lajs[kh; gksus dk izfrca/k gSA mijksDr lehdj.k dks
ljydjus ij  z   z  r = 0 tgk¡ r okLrfod ,oa  v'kwU; lfEeJ :i esa izkIr gksrh gSA
z  z2 
(7) z1 vkSj z2 dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks O;kl ysdj cuk, x, o`Ùk dk lehdj.k dks.kkkad =±
z  z1 2
;k (z  z1) ( z  z 2) + (z  z2) ( z  z 1) = 0.

(8) fn, x, pkj fcUnqvksa z1, z2, z3 vkSj z4 ds lao`Ùkh; gksus ds fy, izfrcU/k gS fd la[;k
z3  z1 z 4  z2
. okLrfod gksuh pkfg,A vr% rhu vlajs[kh; fcUnqvksa z1, z2 ,oa z3 ls xqtjus okys o`Ùk ds
z3  z 2 z 4  z1

lehdj.k ds fy,
 z  z2   z3  z1  okLrfod gSA   z  z2   z3  z1  =  z  z2   z3  z1  .
 z  z1   z3  z2   z  z1   z3  z2   z  z1   z3  z2 
 z  z1 
(9) dks.kkad   = 
 z  z2 
(i) ,d js[kk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ;fn  = 
(ii) nks fdj.kksa ds ;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ;fn  = 0
(iii) ,d o`Ùk ds ,d Hkkx dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ;fn 0 <  < 

(10) ;fn |z – z1| + |z – z2| = K > |z1 – z2| gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk ,d ,slk nh?kZo`Ùk gS ftldh ukfHk;k¡ z1 vkSj z2
gSA

z  z1
(11) ;fn = k  1, 0 gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk ,d o`Ùk gSA
z  z2

(12) ;fn z – z1  – z – z2 = K < z1 – z2 gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk ,d ,slk vfrijoy; gS ftldh
ukfHk;k¡ Øe'k% z1 vkSj z2 gSA
fuEufyf[kr dk feyku dhft;s :
LrHHk -  LrHHk - 
(i) ;fn | z – 3+2i | – | z + i | = 0 gks] rks (i) o`Ùk
rc z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &
z  1 
(ii) ;fn dks.kkad   = , gks] (ii) ljy js[kk
 z  1 4
rks z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &
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 lfEeJ la[;k,¡
(iii) ;fn | z – 8 – 2i | + | z – 5 – 6i | = 5 (iii) nh?kZo`Ùk
gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &
 z  3  4i  5
(iv) ;fn dks.kkad  = , (iv) vfrijoy;
 z  2  5i  6
gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &
(v) ;fn | z – 1 | + | z + i | = 10 gks] rks (v) nh?kZ v{k
z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &

(vi) |z–3+i|–|z+2–i|=1 (vi) y?kq v{k

gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk iznf'kZr djrk gS &
(vii) | z – 3i | = 25 (vii) js[kk dk yEc lef}Hkktd
 z  3  5i 
(viii) dks.kkad  =  (viii) js[kk[k.M
 zi 
Ans.  (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)
 (ii),(vii)(v) (viii) (vi) (iii) (iv) (i) (viii)

SE SOLVED EXAMPLE
mnkgj.k # 22 : ;fn z1, z2 o z3 Øe'k% rhu fcUnqvksa A, B o C dks iznf'kZr djrs gS vkSj izfrcU/k |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| vkSj
|(2 – i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3| dks larq"V djrs gS rks fl) dhft;s  ABC ,d ledks.kh;
f=kHkqt gSA
gy : |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| 
  z1, z2 vkSj ewy fcUnq lajs[k gksxsa vkSj z1, z2 ewy fcUnq dh foijhr fn'kk esa gksxsaA
blh izdkj |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3|
 z1 vkSj (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z4 ¼ekuk½ ewyfcUnq ds lkFk lajs[k gS vkSj ewyfcUnq ds ,d
gh vksj fLFkr gSA
ekuk z4 = z1 ,  ¼okLrfod½ rks (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z1
 i (z3 – z1) = ( – 1) z1
(z3  z1 ) z  z1
  i (z3 – z1) = ( – 1) z1  = ( – 1) i  3 =mei/2 , m =  – 1
 z1 0  z1
 z3 – z1 lfn'k 0 – z1 ds yEcor~ gSA
vFkkZr~ z2 Hkh ewy fcUnq ,oa z1 dks feykus okyh js[kk ij gSA
vr% ge dg ldrs gS fd f=kHkqt tks fd z1, z2 vkSj z3 ls cuk gS ,d ledks.kh; f=kHkqt gSA

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 Complex Number

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE TYPES QUESTIONS (STQs)
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed izdkj ds iz'u ¼Subjective Type Questions½ (STQs)

Section (A) : Algebra of Complex Numbers and Its Representation and

Demoivre’s Theorem
[k.M (A) : lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk chtxf.kr vkSj budk fu:i.k vkSj n%ek;oj izes;
A-1. Find the real values of x and y for which the following equation is satisfied :
x rFkk y ds okLrfod eku Kkr djsa ftlds fy;s fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k lUrq"V gksrh gS&
(1  i) x  2i (2  3i) y  i x y 5  6i
(i) + =i (ii) + =
3i 3i 1  2i 3  2i 8i  1

(iii) (2 + 3i) x2 – (3 – 2i) y = 2x – 3y + 5i (iv) 4x2 +3xy+(2xy – 3x2) i = 4y2 – (x2/2) + (3xy – 2y2) i

Ans. (i) 3, –1 (ii) x = 1 and (rFkk) y = 2;

 5 3K
(iii) (1, 1)  0,  (iv) x = K, y = ,KR
 2 2

A-2. Find the value of x4 – x3 + x2 + 3x – 5 if x = 2 + 3i

;fn x = 2 + 3i] rc x4 – x3 + x2 + 3x – 5 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. – (77 + 108 i)

A-3. Find
(i) the square root of 7 + 24 i (ii) i  i
Kkr dhft;s
(i) 7 + 24 i dk oxZewy (ii) i  i
Ans. (i) ± (4 + 3i) (ii) ± 2 + 0i or (;k) 0 ± 2 i

A-4. Solve the following for z :

z ds fy, fuEufyf[kr dks gy dhft, :
– (3 – 2i) z = (5i – 5)
z2
Ans. z = (2 + i) or (;k) (1 – 3i)

A-5. Simplify and express the result in the form of a + bi :

fuEufyf[kr dks ljy dhft, vkSj ifj.kke dks a + bi ds :i esa O;Dr dhft,A
2
 4i3  i 
(i)   i (9 + 6 i) (2  i)1 (ii) 
 2i  1 
 


 
1 i
(iii) (iv) 3 i e 6
(1  cos )  2 i sin 

 cot
21 12 1 2
Ans. (i)  i (ii) 3 + 4 i (iii) + i (iv) 2
5 5   
2  1  3cos2  1  3 cos 2

 2 2

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 Complex Number
A-6. Convert the following complex numbers in Eulers form
fuEu lfEeJ la[;kvksa dks vk;yj :i esa ifjofrZr dhft,&
  
(i) z = – (ii) z = 5i (iii) z = – 3–i (iv) z = –2  cos  isin 
 5 5 
 5 4
i i i
Ans. (i) ei (ii) 5e 2 (iii) 2e 6 c (iv) 2e 5

A-7. Find the modulus, argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.
fuEufyf[kr lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds ekikad] dks.kkad o dks.kkad dk eq[; eku Kkr dhft,A
18  18 
(i) z = 1 + cos + i sin (ii) z = 2 (cos 30° + i sin 30°)
25 25
i 1
(iii) (tan 1 – i)2 (iv)
 2  2
i  1  cos   sin
 5  5
9 9 9
Ans. (i)z = 2 cos Principal Arg z = , arg z = + 2k, k 
25 25 25
5 5
(ii) Modulus = 2, Arg = 2 k  – , k , Principal Arg = 
6 6
(iii) Modulus = sec 1, arg = 2k + (2 – ), Principal Arg = (2 – )
2

1  11 11
(iv) Modulus = cosec , arg z = 2k + , Principal Arg =
2 5 20 20
9 9 9
(i) z = 2 cos eq[; eku dks.kkad z = , dks.kkad z = + 2k, k 
25 25 25
5 5
(ii) ekikad = 2, dks.kkad = 2 k  – , k , eq[; eku dks.kkad = –
6 6
(iii) ekikad = sec21, dks.kkad = 2k + (2 – ), eq[; eku dks.kkad = (2 – )
1  11 11
(iv) ekikad = cosec , dks.kkad z = 2k + , eq[; eku dks.kkad =
2 5 20 20

A-8. Dividing polynomial f(z) by z – i, we get the remainder i and dividing it by z + i, we get the remainder
1 + i. Find the remainder upon the division of f(z) by z2 + 1.
;fn cgqin f(z) dks z – i ls foHkkftr djus ij 'ks"kQy i izkIr gksrk gS rFkk bls z + i ls foHkkftr djus ij 'ks"kQy 1
+ i izkIr gksrk gS] rks f(z) dks z2 + 1 ls foHkkftr djus ij 'ks"kQy Kkr dhft,A
iz 1
Ans. + +i
2 2
A-9. If n is a positive integer, prove the following
;fn n /kukRed iw.kk±d gS rks fuEufyf[kr dks fl) dhft;s&
 n
(i) (1 + cos i sin )n + (1 + cos – i sin )n = 2n + 1 cosn cos .
2 2
n
1 n
(ii) (1 + i)n + (1 – i)n = 22 . cos
4

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 Complex Number
m
 icot   1 
A-10. Show that ei2m   = 1 (m  Z).
 icot   1 
m
 icot   1 
n'kkZb;s fd ei2m   = 1 (m  Z).
 icot   1 
   
A-11. If xr = cos  r  + i sin  r  , prove that x1 x2 x3....... upto infinity = i.
3  3 
  
;fn xr = cos  r 
+ i sin  r  gks] rks fl) dhft, x1 x2 x3....... vuar inksa rd = i.
3  3 

Section (B) : Argument / Modulus / Conjugate Properties and Triangle Inequality

[k.M (B) : dks.kkad] ekikad] la;qXeh xq.k/keZ vkSj f=kHkqt vlfedk

B-1. If z = x + iy is a complex number such that z = (a + ib)2 then

;fn z = x + iy ,d lfEeJ la[;k bl izdkj gS fd z = (a + ib)2 rks
(i) find z , z Kkr djsa
(ii) show that x + y2 = (a2 + b2)2
2
n'kkZb;s fd x2 + y2 = (a2 + b2)2
Ans. (i) (a – ib)2

B-2. If z1 and z2 are conjugate to each other, then find arg (–z1z2).
;fn z1 vkSj z2 ,d nwljs ds l;qXeh gS rc arg (–z1z2) Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 

4
B-3. If |z – 2| = 2 |z – 1|, where z is a complex number, prove |z|2 = Re (z) using
3
(i) polar form of z, (ii) z = x + iy, (iii) modulus, conjugate properties
4
;fn |z – 2| = 2 |z – 1|, tgka z ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS] rks fl) dhft;s |z|2 = Re (z)
3
(i) z dk /kqzoh; :i iz;ksx djds
(ii) z = x + iy,iz;ksx djds
(iii) ekikad, la;qXeh ds xq.k/keZ iz;ksx djds
B-4. For any two complex numbers z1, z2 and any two real numbers a, b show that
|az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 = (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z1, z2 rFkk nks okLrfod la[;k,¡ a, b gS] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd
|az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 = (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
1  z1z2
B-5. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that |z1| < 1 < |z2| then prove that < 1.
z1  z 2
1  z1z2
;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd |z1| < 1 < |z2|, gks rc fl) dhft, fd < 1.
z1  z 2
zi
B-6. (i) If w = is purely real then find arg z.
zi
zi
;fn w = fo'kq) okLrfod gS rc arg z dk eku Kkr dhft,&
zi

Ans. (i) ±
2
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 Complex Number
B-7. If a = ei, b = ei, c = ei and cos  + cos  + cos = 0 = sin  + sin  + sin , then prove the following
;fn a = ei, b = ei, c = ei vkSj cos  + cos  + cos = 0 = sin  + sin  + sin , rks fuEufyf[kr dks fl)
dhft;s&
(i) a+b+c=0 (ii) ab + bc + ca = 0
(iii) a2 + b2 + c2 = 0 (iv)   cos 2 = 0 =  sin 2

B-8. If |z – 1 + i| + |z + i| = 1 then find range of principle argument of z.

;fn |z – 1 + i| + |z + i| = 1 gks rks z ds eq[; dks.kkad dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,&
  
Ans. arg z   , 
 2 4 
Section (C) : Geometry of Complex Number and Rotation Theorem
[k.M (C) : lfEeJ la[;kvksa dh T;kfefr vkSj ?kw.kZu izes;

C-1. If |z + 3|  3 then find minimum and maximum values of

(i) |z| (ii) |z – 1| (iii) |z + 1|
;fn |z + 3|  3 esa fuEufyf[kr dk U;wure ,oa egÙke eku Kkr dhft;sA
(i) |z| (ii) |z – 1| (iii) |z + 1|
Ans. (i) 0, 6 (ii) 1, 7 (iii) 0, 5

C-2. Interpret the following locus in z  C.

fuEufyf[kr O;atdksa ds z  C ds vuqlkj fcUnqiFk Kkr dhft,A
(i) 1 < z  2i < 3 (ii) Im (z)  1
 z  2i 
(iii) Arg (z  3 – 4i) = /3 (iv) Re    4 (z  2i)
 iz  2 
Ans. (i) The region between the concentric circles with centre at (0, 2) & radii 1 and 3
units
ladsUnzh o`Ùkksa ds chp dk Hkkx ftudk dsUnz (0, 2) rFkk f=kT;k,a 1 o 3 bdkbZ gSA
(ii) The part of the complex plane on or above the line y = 1
lfEeJ lery dk og Hkkx tks js[kk y = 1 ij ;k mlds Åij gSA
(iii) a ray emanating from the point (3 + 4i) directed away from the origin & having equation,
3 x  y + 4  3 3 = 0, x > 3
,d fdj.k tks fd fcUnq (3 + 4i) ls fudyrh gS rFkk ewy fcUnq ls nwj tkrh gS vkSj mldk lehdj.k
3 x  y + 4  3 3 = 0, x > 3
1 1
(iv) Region outside or on the circle with centre + 2i and radius
2 2
1 1
o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz + 2i rFkk f=kT;k gS] dh ifjf/k ;k mlds ckgj dk {ks=k
2 2

C-3. The three vertices of a triangle are represented by the complex numbers, 0, z1 and z2. If the triangle is
equilateral, then show that z12 + z22 = z1z2 . Further if z0 is circumcentre then prove that z12 + z22 = 3z02.
f=kHkqt ds rhu 'kh"kZ lfEeJ la[;kvksa 0, z1 vkSj z2 }kjk iznf'kZr gSA ;fn f=kHkqt leckgq gks rks n'kkZb;s fd z12 + z22 =
z1z2. ;fn z0 ifjdsUnz gS rks fl) dhft;s z12 + z22 = 3z02.

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 Complex Number
C-4. Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex number such that the argument of (z – z1) / (z – z2) is
/4, then find the length of arc of the locus.
ekuk z1 = 10 + 6i ,oa z2 = 4 + 6i. ;fn z dksbZ lfEeJ la[;k bl izdkj gS fd (z – z1) / (z – z2) dk dks.kkad
/4 gks] rks fcUnqiFk ds pki dh yEckbZ Kkr dhft,A

Ans. 9
2
 z  8i  
C-5. Let  Arg   =±
 z6  2
 z  8i 
  :
Re   =0
 z6 
Show that locus of z in  or  lies on x2 + y2 + 6x – 8y = 0. Hence show that locus of z can also be
z  8i z  8i
represented by + = 0. Further if locus of z is expressed as |z + 3 – 4i| = R, then find R.
z6 z6
 z  8i  
ekuk  Arg   =±
 z6  2
 z  8i 
  : Re   =0
 z6 
n'kkZb;s fd  ;k  esa z dk fcUnqiFk x2 + y2 + 6x – 8y = 0 ij fLFkr gS vkSj bl izdkj n'kkZb;s fd z dk fcUnqiFk
z  8i z  8i
+ =0 }kjk Hkh iznf'kZr dj ldrs gS rFkk ;fn z dk fcUnqiFk |z + 3 – 4i| = R }kjk O;Dr fd;k tkrk
z6 z6
gS rks R dk eku Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 5

C-6.Show that z z + (4 – 3i)z + (4 + 3i) z + 5 = 0 represents circle. Hence find centre and radius.
Ans. – 4 – 3 i, 2 5
n'kkZb;s fd lehdj.k z z + (4 – 3i) z + (4 + 3i) + 5 = 0 ,d o`Ùk dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA bldh f=kT;k ,oa dsUnz
Kkr dhft;sA
z1  z 2 
C-7. If z1 & z2 are two complex numbers & if arg = but z1  z2  z1  z2 then identify the figure
z1  z 2 2
formed by the points represented by 0, z1, z2 & z1 + z2.
z1  z 2 
;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,a gS rFkk dks.kkad = ijUrq z1  z2  z1  z2  gks] rks fcUnqvksa0, z1,
z1  z 2 2
z2 vkSj z1 + z2
ls fufeZr vkd`fr dks igpkfu;sA
Ans. a rhombous but not a square ,d leprqHkqZt ijUrq oxZ ugha

Section (D) : Cube root and nth Root of Unity.

[k.M (D) : bdkbZ ds ?kuewy ,oa bdkbZ dk nok¡ ewy

D-1. When the polynomial 5x3 + Mx + N is divided by x2 + x + 1, the remainder is 0. Then find M + N.
tc cgqin 5x3 + Mx + N dks x2 + x + 1, ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS rc 'ks"kQy 0 gS rc M + N cjkcj gSA
Ans. –5

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 Complex Number
D-2. Show that (1 –  + 2) (1 – 2 + 4) (1 – 4 + 8) .......... to 2n factors = 22n
iznf'kZr dhft, fd (1 –  + 2) (1 – 2 + 4) (1 – 4 + 8) .......... 2n xq.ku[k.M = 22n
Ans. 4n

D-3. If x = 1 + i 3 ; y = 1 – i 3 and z = 2, then prove that xp + yp = zp for every prime p > 3.

;fn x = 1 + i 3 ; y = 1 – i 3 rFkk z = 2 gS] rks fl) dhft, fd izR;sd vHkkT; la[;k
p > 3 ds fy, xp + yp = zp

D-4. Solve (z – 1)4 – 16 = 0. Find sum of roots. Locate roots, sum of roots and centroid of polygon formed by
roots in complex plane.
(z – 1)4 – 16 = 0 dks gy dhft;sA ewyksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft;sA ewyksa] ewyksa ds ;ksx ,oa ewyksa ls cus cgqHkqt ds dsUnzd
dks lfEeJ lery ij n'kkZb;sA
Ans. z = – 1, 3, 1 – 2 i, 1 + 2 i
1 + 2i

–1 1 3 4

1 – 2i

Sum = 4
centroid = 1
Ans. z = – 1, 3, 1 – 2 i, 1 + 2 i
1 + 2i

–1 1 3 4

1 – 2i

;ksx = 4
dsUnzd = 1

D-5. Find the value(s) of the following

fuEufyf[kr ds eku Kkr dhft;s&
3 3/4
1 3  1 3 
(i)    (ii)   
2 2  2 2 
 
Hence find continued product if two or more distinct values exists.
bl izdkj lrr~ xq.kuQy Kkr dhft;s ;fn nks ;k vf/kd fHkUu fHkUu eku gksaA

(6n1) i
Ans. (i) – 1 (ii) e 4 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3. Continued product = 1

(6n1) i
(i) – 1 (ii) e 4 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3. lrr~ xq.kuQy = 1
D-6. If 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 be the roots of x5  1 = 0, then find the value
  1   2   3   4
of . . . (where  is imaginary cube root of unity.)
  1    2
2 2
  3
2
2   4
  1   2   3   4
;fn lehdj.k x5  1 = 0 ds ewy 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 gks] rks . . . dk eku
  1    2
2 2
  3
2
2   4
Kkr dhft, gSA (tgk¡  bdkbZ dk dkYifud ?kuewy gSA )
Ans. 

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 Complex Number
2 2
D-7. a = cos + i sin then find the quadratic equation whose roots are  = a + a2 + a4 and
7 7
 = a3 + a5 + a6
2 2
a = cos + i sin gks rks f}?kkr lehdj.k Kkr dhft, ftlds ewy  = a + a2 + a4 vkSj
7 7
 = a3 + a5 + a6 gS&
Ans. x2 + x + 2 = 0

PART - II : MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs); ONLY ONE CORRECT ANSWER

Hkkx - II : cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs); dsoy ,d lgh fodYi
(Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs); Only One Correct Answer)

Section (A) : Algebra of Complex Numbers and Its Representation and

Demoivre’s Theorem
[k.M (A) : lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk chtxf.kr vkSj budk fu:i.k vkSj n%ek;oj izes;
5
A-1. If z is a complex number such that |z| = 4 and arg(z) = , then z is equal to
6
5
;fn ,d lfEeJ la[;k z bl izdkj gS fd |z| = 4 rFkk arg(z) = gks] rks z =
6
(A*) – 2 3 + 2i (B) 2 3 +i (C) 2 3 – 2i (D) – 3 +i

A-2. The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and cos x – i sin 2x are conjugate to each other, for
n
(A) x = n (B) x = 0 (C) x  (D*) no value of x
2
lfEeJ la[;k,¡ sin x + i cos 2x rFkk cos x – i sin 2x ijLij la;qXeh gSa] ;fn&
n
(A) x = n (B) x = 0 (C) x  (D*) x dk dksbZ eku ugha
2

A-3. In G.P. the first term & common ratio are both
1
2
 
3  i , then the modulus of nth term is :

(A*) 1 (B) 2n (C) 4n (D) 3n

;fn fdlh xq- Js- dk izFke in rFkk lkoZ vuqikr nksuksa

1
2

3 i  gks] rks blds n osa in dk fujis{k eku gS &
(A) 1 (B) 2n (C) 4n (D) 3n

A-4. If z = x + iy and z1/3 = a  ib then

x y

  k a2  b2
a b
 where k =
;fn z = x + iy rFkk z1/3 = a  ib gks] rks
x y

  k a2  b2 , tgk¡ k =
a b

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D*) 4

A-5. The set of values of a  R for which x2 + i(a – 1) x + 5 = 0 will have a pair of conjugate imaginary roots
is
a  R ds mu ekuksa dk leqPp; ftlds fy, lehdj.k x2 + i(a – 1) x + 5 = 0 la;qXeh dkYifud ewyksa dk ;qXe
j[krh gS &
(A) R (B*) {1}
(C) {a : a2 – 2a + 21 > 0} (D) {0}
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 Complex Number
A-6. Let z is a complex number satisfying the equation, z3 – (3 + i) z + m + 2i = 0, where m  R. Suppose
the equation has a real root , then find the value of 4 + m4
ekuk z ,d lfEeJ la[;k tks lehdj.k z3 – (3 + i) z + m + 2i = 0, tgk¡ m  R, dks larq"V djrh gSA rFkk
lehdj.k dk ,d okLrfod ewy  gS] rks 4 + m4 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
(A*) 32 (B) 16 (C) 8 (D) 64

n
 1  i tan   1  i tann
A-7. The expression    when simplified reduces to :
 1  i tan   1  i tann
(A*) zero (B) 2 sin n  (C) 2 cos n  (D) none
n
1  i tan   1  i tann
O;atd    dks ljyhd`r djus ij eku gS &
 1  i tan   1  i tann
(A) 'kwU; (B) 2 sin n  (C) 2 cos n  (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

A-8. If (cos + i sin) (cos 2 + i sin 2) ... (cos n + i sin n) = 1, then the value of  is
;fn (cos + i sin) (cos 2 + i sin 2) ... (cos n + i sin n) = 1 gks] rks  dk eku gS &
3m 2m 4m m
(A) ,mZ (B) ,mZ (C*) ,mZ (D) ,mZ
n(n  1) n (n  1) n (n  1) n (n  1)
A-9. Let principle argument of complex number be re-defined between (, 3], then sum of principle
arguments of roots of equation z6 + z3 + 1 = 0 is
ekuk lfEeJ la[;k dk eq[; dks.kkad] (, 3], ds e/; iqu ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS rc lehdj.k z6 + z3 + 1 = 0 ds
ewyksa dk eq[; dks.kkadks dk ;ksxQy gS&
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D*) 12
Section (B) : Argument / Modulus / Conjugate Properties and Triangle Inequality
[k.M (B) : dks.kkad] ekikad] la;qXeh xq.k/keZ vkSj f=kHkqt vlfedk

(1  b  ia)
B-1. If a2 + b2 = 1, then =
(1  b  ia)
(1  b  ia)
;fn a2 + b2 = 1 rc =
(1  b  ia)
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) b + ia (D) a + ib

B-2. If (2 + i)(2 + 2i) (2 + 3i) ...... (2 + ni) = x + iy, then the value of 5.8.13. .......(4 + n2)
;fn (2 + i)(2 + 2i) (2 + 3i) ...... (2 + ni) = x + iy gks] rks 5.8.13. .......(4 + n2) dk eku Kkr dhft,A

(A*) (x2 + y2) (B) x 2

 y2  (C) 2(x2 + y2) (D) (x + y)

B-3. If z = x + iy satisfies amp (z – 1) = amp (z + 3) then the value of (x – 1) : y is equal to

(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) – 1 : 3 (D*) does not exist

;fn z = x + iy, dks.kkad (z – 1) = dks.kkad (z + 3) dks larq"V djrk gS] rks (x – 1) : y gS &
(A) 2 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C) – 1 : 3 (D*) vfLrRo ugha gS

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 Complex Number
B-4. If z1= 3+5 i; z2 =  5  3 i and z is a complex number lying on the line segment joining
z1 & z2, then arg(z) can be :
;fn z1 =  3 + 5 i; z2 =  5  3 i gks rFkk z1 o z2 dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M ij fLFkr lfEeJ la[;k z gks] rks arg(z)
gks ldrk gS &
3   5
(A)  (B)  (C) (D*)
4 4 6 6

B-5. If (1 + i)z = (1 – i) z then z is

t t
(A*) t(1 – i), t  R (B) t (1 + i), t  R (C) , t  R+ (D) , t  R+
1 i 1 i
;fn (1 + i)z = (1 – i) z gks] rks z =
t t
(A) t(1 – i), t  R (B) t (1 + i), t  R (C) , t  R+ (D) , t  R+
1 i 1 i

B-6. Let z and  be two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = || and arg z =  – arg , then z equals
(A) (B) – (C)  (D*) – 
ekuk z rFkk  nks v'kwU; lfEeJ la[;k,sa blizdkj gS fd |z| = || rFkk arg z =  – arg , rc z cjkcj gS
(A) (B) – (C)  (D*) – 
z1 3 z1
B-7. If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that = 2 and arg(z1z2) = , then is equal
z2 2 z2
to
z1 3 z1
;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd = 2 vkSj arg(z1z2) = rc cjkcj gSµ
z2 2 z2
(A) 2 (B) –2 (C) –2i (D*) 2i

B-8. If |z2 – 1| = |z2| + 1, then z lies on :

(A) the real axis (B*) the imaginary axis (C) a circle (D) an ellipse
;fn |z2 – 1| = |z2| + 1, rks z fLFkr gS&
(A) okLrfod v{k ij (B*) dkYifud v{k ij (C) o`Ùk ij (D) nh?kZo`Ùk ij

B-9. If |z – 2i| + |z – 2|  ||z| – |z – 2 – 2i||, then locus of z is

;fn |z – 2i| + |z – 2|  ||z| – |z – 2 – 2i||, gks rks z dk fcUnqiFk gS&
(A) circle (B) line segment (C) point (D*) complete x-y plane
(A) o`Ùk (B) js[kk[k.M (C) fcUnq (D*) lEiw.kZ x-y lery

 1 z 
B-10. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument , then arg   equals :
 1 z 
1 z 
;fn z ,d ,slh lfEeJ la[;k gS ftldk ekikad ,d bdkbZ gS rFkk dks.kkad gS] rks dks.kkad   cjkcj gS :
 1 z 

(A) – (B)  (C*)  (D) – 
2

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 Complex Number
1
B-11. If z a complex number such that |z|  2, then the minimum value of z  :
2
(A) is strictly greater than 5/2
(B) is strictly greater than 3/2 but less than 5/2
(C) is equal to 5/2
(D) lie in the interval (1, 2)
1
;fn z ,d ,slh lfEeJ la[;k gS fd |z|  2 gS] rks z  dk U;wure eku gSµ
2
(A) 5/2 ls fujUrj cM+k gS
(B) 3/2 ls fujUrj cM+k gS ijUrq 5/2 ls de gS
(C) 5/2 ds cjkcj gS
(D) varjky (1, 2) esa fLFkr gS

B-12. A complex number z is said to be unimodular if |z| = 1. Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers such
z1 – 2z2
that is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then the point z1 lies on a :
2 – z1z2
(A) straight line parallel to x-axis (B) straight line parallel to y-axis
(C) circle of radius 2 (D) circle of radius 2
z1 – 2z2
,d lfEeJ la[;k z ,dekikadh dgykrh gS ;fn |z| = 1 gSA ekuk z1 rFkk z2 ,slh lfEEkJ la[;k,¡ gSa fd
2 – z1z2
,dekikadh gS rFkk z2 ,dekikadh ugh gSa] rks fcUnq z1 fLFkr gS :
(A) x-v{k ds lekarj ,d js[kk ijA (B) y-v{k ds lekarj ,d js[kk ijA
(C) 2 f=kT;k okys o`Ùk ijA (D) 2 f=kT;k okys o`Ùk ijA
Ans. (C)

Section (C) : Geometry of Complex Number and Rotation Theorem

[k.M (C) : lfEeJ la[;kvksa dh T;kfefr vkSj ?kw.kZu izes;
z  5i
C-1. The complex number z = x + iy which satisfy the equation  1 lie on :
z  5i
(A*) the x-axis (B) the straight line y = 5
(C) a circle passing through the origin (D) the y-axis
z  5i
lehdj.k 1 dks larq"V djus okyh lfEeJ la[;k z = x + iy ftl oØ ij fLFkr gS] og gS &
z  5i
(A) x-v{k (B) ljy js[kk y = 5
(C) ewy fcUnq ls xqtjus okyk o`Ùk (D) y-v{k

C-2. The inequality |z – 4| < | z – 2| represents :

vlfedk |z – 4| < | z – 2| iznf'kZr djrh gS &
(A) Re(z) > 0 (B) Re(z) < 0 (C) Re (z) > 2 (D*) Re(z) > 3

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 Complex Number
C-3. Let A, B, C represent the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on the complex plane. If the
circumcentre of the triangle ABC lies at the origin, then the orthocentre is represented by the complex
number :
ekuk lfEeJ lery ij A, B, C Øe'k% lfEeJ la[;kvkas z1, z2, z3 dks iznf'kZr djrs gSA ;fn f=kHkqt ABC dk ifjdsUnz
ewyfcUnq ij gks] rks yEcdsUnz dks iznf'kZr djus okyh lfEeJ la[;k gS &
(A) z1 + z2  z3 (B) z2 + z3  z1 (C) z3 + z1  z2 (D*) z1 + z2 + z3


C-4. If Arg (z – 2 – 3i) = , then the locus of z is
4

;fn z – 2 – 3i dk dks.kkad gks] rks z dk fcUnqiFk gS &
4

/4
(A*) (2, 3) (B)

/4
(C) (D) (2, 3)

C-5. The locus of z which lies in shaded region is best represented by

i

–i

  
(A*) |z|  1,  arg z  (B) |z|  1,  arg z  0
2 2 2
 
(C) |z|  0, 0  arg z   (D) |z|  1,  arg z 
2 2
z dk fcUnqiFk tks js[kkafdr Hkkx esa fLFkr gS eq[;r% iznf'kZr gS&
i

–i

  
(A*) |z|  1,  arg z  }kjk (B) |z|  1,  arg z  0 }kjk
2 2 2
 
(C) |z|  0, 0  arg z  }kjk (D) |z|  1,  arg z }kjk
2 2

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 Complex Number
C-6. The equation |z – 1|2 + |z + 1|2 = 2 represents
(A) a circle of radius '1' (B) a straight line
(C*) the ordered pair (0, 0) (D) None of these
lehdj.k |z – 1|2 + |z + 1|2 = 2 iznf'kZr djrk gS &
(A) bdkbZf=kT;k dk ,d o`Ùk (B) ,d ljy js[kk
(C) Øfer ;qXe (0, 0) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

 z2 
C-7. If arg   then locus of z is :
z4 3
z2 
;fn arg    rc z dk fcUnqiFk gS&
z4 3
(A) equileteral triangle (B*) arc of circle

(C) arc of ellipse (D) two rays making angle between them
3
(A) leckgq f=kHkqt (B*) o`Ùk dk pki

(C) nh?kZo`Ùk dk pki (D) nks fdj.ksa ftuds e/; dks.k gSA
3
C-8. The region of Argand diagram defined by |z – 1| + |z + 1|  4 is :
(A) interior of an ellipse (B) exterior of a circle
(C*) interior and boundary of an ellipse (D) exterior of ellipse
vkxsZ.M lery esa |z – 1| + | |z + 1|  4 ls iznf'kZr {ks=k gksxk &
(A) nh?kZo`Ùk ds vUnj dk {ks=kQy (B) o`Ùk
ds ckgj dk {ks=kQy
(C) nh?kZo`Ùk dh lhek rFkk vUnj dk {ks=kQy (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

C-9. The vector z =  4 + 5i is turned counter clockwise through an angle of 180º & stretched 1.5 times. The
complex number corresponding to the newly obtained vector is :
15 15 15 15
(A*) 6  i (B)  6  i (C) 6  i (D) 6  i
2 2 2 2
lfn'k z =  4 + 5i dks okekorZ fn'kk esa 180º dks.k ij ?kqek;k tkrk gS rFkk 1.5 xq.kk foLrkfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA bl
izdkj izkIr lfn'k ds laxr lfEeJ la[;k gS &
15 15 15 15
(A*) 6  i (B)  6  i (C) 6  i (D) 6  i
2 2 2 2

C-10. The points z1, z2, z3, z4 in the complex plane are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order if and
only if :
(A) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (B*) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (C) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (D) z1 z3 = z2 z4
lfEeJ lery esa fcUnq z1, z2, z3, z4 ,d Øe esa ysus ij fdlh lekUrj prqHkqZt ds 'kh"kZ fcUnq gksxsa ;fn vkSj dsoy
;fn &
(A) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (B) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (C) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (D) z1 z3 = z2 z4
C-11. If z1, z2, z3 are vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle |z| = 2 and if z1 = 1 + i 3 , then

;fn ,d o`Ùk |z| = 2 ds vUrxZr cuk, x, leckgq f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ z1, z2, z3 gks rFkk z1 = 1 + i 3 , gks] rks &
(A) z2 = – 2, z3 = 1 + i 3 (B) z2 = 2, z3 = 1 – i 3
(C*) z2 = – 2, z3 = 1 – i 3 (D) z2 = 1 – i 3 , z3 = – 1 – i 3

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 Complex Number
C-12. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the north-east (N 45 º E) direction. From
there, he walks a distance of 4 units towards the north-west (N 45 º W) direction to reach a point P.
Then the position of P in the Argand plane is
,d O;fDr ewy fcUnq ls mÙkj&iwoZ (N 45 º E) fn'kk esa 3 bdkbZ nwjh pyrk gS] blds i'pkr~ mÙkj&if'pe
(N 45 º W) esa 4 bdkbZ nwjh r; djds fcUnq P ij igq¡prk gS rks fcUnq P dh vkxsZ.M lery esa fLFkfr gSA
(A) 3 ei/4 + 4i (B) (3 – 4i) ei/4 (C) (4 + 3i)ei/4 (D*) (3 + 4i)ei/4

Section (D) : Cube root of unity and nth Root of Unity.

[k.M (D) : bdkbZ ds ?kuewy ,oa bdkbZ dk nok¡ ewy

D-1. If x = a + b + c, y = a + b + c and z = a + b + c, where  and  are imaginary cube roots of unity,

then xyz =
;fn x = a + b + c, y = a + b + c rFkk z = a + b + c, tgk¡  o  bdkbZ ds dkYifud ?kuewy gks] rks xyz =
(A) 2(a3 + b3 + c3) (B) 2(a3 – b3 – c3) (C*) a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc (D) a3 – b3 – c3

1 n 2n
D-2. If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, then  = n 2n 1 , (n ) is equal to-
 2n
1 n

1 n 2n
;fn 1, , 2 bdkbZ ds ?kuewy gksa] rc  = n 2n 1 , (n ) cjkcj gS
 2n
1  n

(A*) 0 (B) 1 (C)  (D) 2

x3 x 6 x 4 x7 x 2 x5 x8
D-3. If a = 1 +   ...... , b=x+   ...... , c =    ......
3! 6! 4! 7! 2! 5! 8!
then find a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc.
x3 x 6 x 4 x7 x 2 x5 x8
;fn a = 1 +   ...... , b=x+   ...... , c =    ......
3! 6! 4! 7! 2! 5! 8!
rc a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc dk eku Kkr dhft,A

(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

D-4. If equation (z – 1)n = zn = 1(n  N) has solutions, then n can be :

;fn lehdj.k (z – 1)n = zn = 1(n  N) gy j[krh gS rc n gks ldrk gS&
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C*) 6 (D) 9

D-5. If  = ei8/11 then Real ( + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) equals to :

;fn  = ei8/11 rc ( + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) dk okLrfod Hkkx cjkcj gS&
1
(A) (B) 1 (C*) – (D) –1
2
D-6. If (1) is a cube root of unity, and (1 + )7 = A + B . Then (A, B) equals
;fn (1) bdkbZ dk ,d ?ku ewy gS rFkk (1 + )7 = A + B gS] rks (A, B) cjkcj gS %
(A) (0, 1) (B*) (1, 1) (C) (1, 0) (D) (–1, 1)

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 Complex Number
1 1 1
D-7. Let  be a complex number such that 2 + 1 = z where z = 3 . If 1 2  1 2 = 3k, then k is
1 2 7
equal to :
1 1 1
ekuk  ,d lfEeJ la[;k ,slh gS fd 2 + 1 = z tgk¡ z = 3 gSA ;fn 1   1 2 = 3k gS 2

1 2 7
rks k cjkcj gS:
(A) –z (B) z (C) –1 (D) 1

Ans. (A)

D-8. If ,   C are the distinct roots, of the equation x2 – x + 1 = 0, then 101 + 107 is equal to :
;fn ,   C, lehdj.k x2 – x + 1 = 0 ds fofHkUu ewy gS] rks 101 + 107 cjkcj gS %
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) –1 (D) 0

PART - III : NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS (NVQs)

Hkkx - III : la[;kRed eku iz'u (Numerical Value Questions) (NVQs)

INSTRUCTION :
 The answer to each question is NUMERICAL VALUE with two digit integer and decimal upto two digit.
 If the numerical value has more than two decimal places truncate/round-off the value to TWO decimal
placed.
funsZ'k :
 bl [k.M esa izR;sd iz'u dk mÙkj la[;kRed eku ds :i esa gS ftlesa nks iw.kk±d vad rFkk nks vad n'keyo ds ckn esa gSA
 ;fn la[;kRed eku esa nks ls vf/kd n’'keyo LFkku gS] rks la[;kRed eku dks n'keyo ds nks LFkkuksa rd VªadsV@jkmaM
vkWQ

Section (A) : Algebra of Complex Numbers and Its Representation and

Demoivre’s Theorem
[k.M (A) : lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk chtxf.kr vkSj budk fu:i.k vkSj n%ek;oj izes;

1  2(sin )i
A-1. Let z = find the number of values of [0, 4] such that z is purely imaginary.
1  (sin )i
1  2(sin )i
ekuk fd z = [0, 4] ds ekuksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, tcfd z ek=k ¼fo'kq)½ dkYifud gSA
1  (sin )i
Ans. 8 

A-2. If ( 3 + i)100 = 299 (a + ib), then find

;fn ( 3 + i)100 = 299 (a + ib) rks Kkr dhft;s&
(i) a2 + b2 (ii) b
Ans. (i) 4 (ii) 01.73

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 Complex Number
n
 1 i 
A.3. The least value of n (n  N), for which   is real, is
 1 i 
n
 1 i 
n dk U;wure /kukRed eku] ftlds fy,   okLrfod gks] gSa &
 1 i 
Ans. 02.00

A-4. If z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq), where p, q   – {0}, is purely imaginary, then minimum value of |z|2 is
;fn z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq), tgk¡ p, q   – {0}, fo'kq) dkYifud gS] rks |z|2 dk U;wure eku gS&
Ans. 3364
  1  i  i   |z| 
A-5. If z = (1 + i)4    , then   equals

4    i 1  i   amp(z) 
  1  i  i   |z| 
;fn z = (1 + i)4    gS] rks   cjkcj gS&
4    i 1  i   amp(z) 
Ans. 04.00

Section (B) : Argument / Modulus / Conjugate Properties and Triangle Inequality

[k.M (B) : dks.kkad] ekikad] la;qXeh xq.k/keZ vkSj f=kHkqt vlfedk
z 1
B-1. If z ( – 1) is a complex number such that is purely imaginary, then find |z|
z 1

z 1
;fn z ( – 1) ,d lfEeJ la[;k bl izdkj gS fd fo'kq) dkYifud gS] rks |z| dk eku gS &
z 1
Ans. 01.00
zw
B-2. If k > 0, |z| = |w| = k and  = , then find Re().
k 2  zw
zw
;fn k > 0, |z| = |w| = k rFkk = 2 rc Re() Kkr dhft,A
k  zw
Ans. 00.00
z  4i
B-3. If w = is purely imaginary then find |z + 3i|.
z  2i
z  4i
;fn w = fo'kq) dkYifud gS rc |z + 3i| dk eku Kkr dhft,&
z  2i
Ans. 01.00

z 1
B-4. If |z| = 1 and  = (where z  –1), the Re() is
z 1
z 1
;fn |z| = 1 vkSj = (tgk¡ z  –1) gks] rks  dk okLrfod Hkkx gS &
z 1
Ans. 00.00

B-5. Number of complex numbers z such that |z| = 1 and | z / z  z / z | 1 is (arg(z)  [0, 2])

lfEeJ la[;k z dh la[;k gksxh tcfd |z| = 1 rFkk | z / z  z / z | 1 gS (arg(z)  [0, 2])
Ans. 08.00

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 Complex Number
B-6. If |z1| = |z2| and arg (z1/z2) = , then z1 + z2 is equal to
;fn |z1| = |z2| vkSj arg (z1/z2) = , rc z1 + z2 cjkcj gS
Ans. 00.00

B-7. The number of solutions of the system of equations Re (z2) = 0, |z| = 2 is

lehdj.k fudk; Re (z2) = 0, |z| = 2 ds gyksa dh la[;k gSa &
Ans. 04.00

B-8. The number of complex numbers z such that | z – 1| = | z + 1| = |z – i| equals

| z – 1| = | z + 1| = |z – i| dks larq"V djus okyh lfEeJ la[;kvksa z dh la[;k gS&
Ans. 01.00

Section (C) : Geometry of Complex Number and Rotation Theorem

[k.M (C) : lfEeJ la[;kvksa dh T;kfefr vkSj ?kw.kZu izes;
C-1. If z  2 + i = 2, then find the differences of greatest and least value of z.
;fn z  2 + i = 2 rks zdk vf/kdre o U;wure eku dk vUrj Kkr djksa &
Ans. 04.00
C-2. If O is origin and affixes of P, Q, R are respectively z, iz, z + iz. Locate the points on complex plane. If
PQR = 200 then find
(i) |z| (ii) sides of quadrilateral OPRQ
;fn O ewy fcUnq gS vkSj P, Q, R Øe'k% z, iz, z + iz }kjk iznf'kZr gS rks fcUnqvksa dks lfEeJ lery ij n'kkZb;sA
;fn PQR = 200 rks
(i) |z| (ii) prqHkqZt OPRQ dh Hkqtk,a Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. (i) |z| = 20 (ii) OP = OQ = PR = QR = 20

C-3. Let z1 and z2 be two roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, z being complex. Further, assume that the
origin, z1 and z2 form an equilateral triangle. If a2 = b then  is equal to
ekuk z1 vkSj z2 lehdj.k z2 + az + b = 0 ds nks ewy gSa tgka z ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS rFkk ekuk ewy fcUnq] z1 vkSj z2
,d leckgq f=kHkqt cukrs gS] ;fn a2 = b rc  dk eku gksxk &
Ans. 03.00

| z  1  i |  2
C-4. Find the number of solution of the system of equation 
Re z  1
| z  1  i |  2
lehdj.k fudk;  , ds gyksa dh la[;k Kkr djksa &
Re z  1
Ans. 01.00

C-5.Complex numbers z1 , z2 , z3 are the vertices A, B, C respectively of an isosceles right angled triangle
with right angle at C and (z1 – z2)2 = k(z1 – z3) (z3 – z2), then find k
,d lef}ckgq ledks.k f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ A, B, C Øe'k% lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z1 , z2 , z3 ls iznf'kZr gS ,oa dks.k C ledks.k
gSA ,oa (z1 – z2)2 = k(z1 – z3) (z3 – z2) gS] rks k dk eku gS&
Ans. 02.00

C-6. For all complex numbers z1, z2 satisfying |z1| = 12 and |z2 –3–4i| = 5, the minimum value of
|z1 – z2| is

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 Complex Number
|z1| = 12 vkSj |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 5 dks lUrq"V djus okyh lHkh lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1, z2 ds fy, |z1 – z2| dk U;wure eku
gS &
Ans. 02.00

C-7. If 4 |z – 2 – 3i|  5 and maximum and minimum values of |z – 1 – i| are M and m respectively then
M + m is equal to
;fn 4 |z – 2 – 3i|  5 vkSj |z – 1 – i| dk vf/kdre ,oa U;wure eku Øe'k% M rFkk m gS rc M + m dk eku gS
Ans. 09.00

Section (D) : Cube root of unity and nth Root of Unity.

[k.M (D) : bdkbZ ds ?kuewy ,oa bdkbZ dk nok¡ ewy
D-1. If  ( 1) be a cube root of unity and (1 +4)n = (1 + 2)n then find the least positive integral value of n
;fn bdkbZ dk ?kuewy  ( 1) gks rFkk (1 +4)n = (1 + 2)n gks] rks n dk U;wure /kukRed iw.kk±dh; eku gS &
Ans. 03.00

D-2. Let  is non-real root of x3 = 1

ekuk  x3 = 1 dk vokLrfod ewy gS&
(i) If ;fn P = n , (n  N) and rFkk
Q = (2nC0 + 2nC3 + .........) + (2nC1 + 2nC4 + .........) + (2nC2 + 2nC5 + .........)2
P
then find .
Q
P
rc dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Q
 2 3 1  2
(ii) If P = 1 –   ...... upto  terms and Q = then find value of PQ.
2 4 8 2
 2 3 1  2
;fn P = 1 –   ...... rd rFkk Q = rc PQ dk eku Kkr dhft,A
2 4 8 2
Ans. (i) 1 (ii) 1

D-3. Let z1 and z2 be two non real complex cube roots of unity and |z –z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = be the equation of a
circle with z1, z2 as ends of a diameter then the value of  is
ekuk bdkbZ ds nks vokLrfod ?kuewy z1 o z2 gS rFkk |z –z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = ml o`Ùk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ftlds
O;kl ds fljs z1 o z2 gks] rks  dk eku gS &
Ans. 03.00

D-4. If x2 + x + 1 = 0, then the numerical value of

2 2 2 2 2
 1  2 1   3 1   4 1   27 1 
 x  x    x  2    x  3    x  4   ......   x  27  is equal to
   x   x   x   x 
2 2 2 2 2
 1  2 1   3 1   4 1   27 1 
;fn x2 + x + 1 = 0 gks] rks  x  x    x  2    x  3    x  4   ......   x  27  dk
   x   x   x   x 
la[;kRed eku gS &
Ans. 54.00

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 Complex Number
 2  1|
If  is non real and  = 5 1 then the value of 2|1    
2
D-5. is equal to
2 1
;fn  vokLrfod rFkk  = 5 1 gks] rks 2|1       |
2
dk eku gksxk &
Ans. 04.00
2 2
D-6. Let  be the complex number cos + i sin . Then the number of distinct complex numbers z
3 3
z 1  2
satisfying  z  2 1 = 0 is equal to
 2
1 z
z 1  2
2 2
ekuk fd  = cos + i sin ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS ] rks  z 2
1 = 0 dks larq"V djus
3 3
2 1 z
okys okyh fofHkUu lfEeJ la[;kvksa z dh la[;k gSA
Ans. 01.00
D-7. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – x + 1 = 0, then 2009 + 2009 =
;fn  ,  lehdj.k x2 – x + 1 = 0 ds ewy gS] rks 2009 + 2009 cjkcj gS&
Ans. 01.00

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs); ONLY ONE CORRECT ANSWER
Hkkx - I : cgqfodYih iz'u (MCQs); dsoy ,d lgh fodYi
(Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs); Only One Correct Answer)
1 
1. sin–1  (z  1)  , where z is nonreal, can be the angle of a triangle if
 i 
(A) Re(z) = 1, m(z) = 2 (B*) Re(z) = 1, 0 <m (z)  1
(C) Re(z) + m(z) = 0 (D) Re(z) = 2, 0 <m (z)  1
1 
sin–1  (z  1)  , tgk¡ z vokLrfod gS] f=kHkqt dk dks.k gks ldrk gS ;fn &
 i 
(A) Re(z) = 1, m(z) = 2 (B) Re(z) = 1, 0 <m (z)  1
(C) Re(z) + m(z) = 0 (D) Re(z) = 2, 0 <m (z)  1
2. If |z|2 – 2iz + 2c(1 + i) = 0, then the value of z is, where c is real.
(A*) z = c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2 ]

(B) z = c – 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2 ]

(C) z = 2c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), where c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2 ]

(D) z = c + 1 i(–1 ±) 1  2c  c 2 , where c[–1 – 2,1+ 2 ]

;fn |z| – 2iz + 2c(1 + i) = 0, gks rks z dk eku gS tgk¡ c okLrfod gS
2

(A*) z = c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), tgk¡ c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2 ]

(B) z = c – 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), tgk¡ c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2]

(C) z = 2c + 1 i(–1 ± 1  2c  c 2 ), tgk¡ c[–1 – 2 , –1 + 2 ]

(D) z = c + 1 i(–1 ±) 1  2c  c 2 , tgk¡ c[–1 – 2,1+ 2]

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 Complex Number
3. If (a + ib)5 =  + i , then (b + ia)5 is equal to
;fn (a + ib)5 =  + i gks] rks (b + ia)5 cjkcj gSA
(A*)  + i (B)  – i (C)  – i (D) –  – i

1  z  z2
4. Let z be non real number such that  R, then value of 7|z| is
1  z  z2
1  z  z2
ekuk z vokLrfod la[;k bl izdkj gS fd  R, rc 7|z| dk eku gS&
1  z  z2
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D*) 7

5. If |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 and |z1 + z2 + z3| = 2, then the value of |4z2z3 + 9z3z1 + 16z1z2|
;fn |z1| = 2, |z2| = 3, |z3| = 4 rFkk |z1 + z2 + z3| = 2 gS] rks |4z2z3 + 9z3z1 + 16z1z2| dk eku gS
(A) 24 (B*) 48 (C) 96 (D) 120

6. The minimum value of |3z–3| + |2z–4| equal to

|3z–3| + |2z–4| dk U;wure eku cjkcj gS&
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

7. If |z1 – 1| < 1, |z2 – 2| < 2, |z3 – 3| < 3, then |z1 + z2 + z3|

(A) is less than 6 (B) is more than 3
(C*) is less than 12 (D) lies between 6 and 12
;fn |z1 – 1| < 1, |z2 – 2| < 2, |z3 – 3| < 3 gks] rc |z1 + z2 + z3| dk eku gS &
(A) 6 ls de (B) 3 ls vf/kd (C*) 12 ls de (D) 6 o 12 ds e/;

8. Let O = (0, 0) ; A=(3, 0) ; B = (0, –1) and C=(3, 2),then minimum value of |z|+|z–3|+|z+i|+|z–3–2i| occur
at
(A) intersection point of AB and CO (B) intersection point of AC and BO
(C*) intersection point of CB and AO (D) mean of O, A, B, C
ekuk O = (0, 0) ; A = (3, 0) ; B = (0, –1) vkSj C = (3, 2), rc |z| + |z – 3| + |z + i| + |z – 3 – 2i| dk U;wure eku
gS&
(A) AB vkSj CO dkizfrPNsn fcUnq (B) AC vkSj BO dk izfrPNsn fcUnq
(C*) CB vkSj AO dk izfrPNsn fcUnq (D) O, A, B, C dk ek/;

9. Given z is a complex number with modulus 1. Then the equation [(1 + ia)/(1 – ia)]4 = z in 'a' has
(A*) all roots real and distinct (B) two real and two imaginary
(C) three roots real and one imaginary (D) one root real and three imaginary
fn;k x;k gS fd ekikad 1 dh lfEeJ la[;k z gS rc lehdj.k [(1 + ia)/(1 – ia)]4 = z esa 'a' j[krk gS
(A*) lHkhewy okLrfod vkSj fHkUu-fHkUu gSA (B) nks
okLrfod vkSj nks dkYifud ewy
(C) rhu okLrfod ewy vkSj ,d dkYifud ewy (D) ,d okLrfod ewy vkSj rhu dkYifud ewy

10. The real values of the parameter ‘a’ for which at least one complex number z = x + iy satisfies both the
equality z  ai = a + 4 and the inequality z  2 < 1.
izkpy ‘a’ ds okLrfod eku Kkr dhft, ftuds fy, de ls de ,d lfEeJ la[;k z = x + iy lfedk
z  ai = a + 4 ,oa vlfedk z  2 < 1 nksuksa dks larq"V djrh gksA
 21 5   7 5 5 7  21 7 
(A*)   ,   (B)   ,   (C)  ,  (D)   , 
 10 6   2 6 6 2  10 2 

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 Complex Number
11. The points of intersection of the two curves z  3 = 2 and z = 2 in an argand plane are:
lfEeJ lery esa nks oØksa z  3 = 2 vkSj z = 2 ds izfrPNsnu fcUnq gS &

(A)
1
2
7  i 3  (B*)
1
2
3  i 7  (C)
3
2
±i
7
2
(D)
7
2
±i
3
2

12. The equation of the radical axis of the two circles represented by the equations,
z  2 = 3 and z  2  3 i = 4 on the complex plane is :
lfEeJ lery esa lehdj.kksa z  2 = 3 vkSj z  2  3 i = 4 ls iznf'kZr nks o`Ùkksa dh ewyk{k dk lehdj.k gSa &
(A) 3iz – 3i z – 2 = 0 (B*) 3iz – 3i z + 2 = 0
(C) iz – i z + 1 = 0 (D) 2iz – 2i z + 3 = 0

 z 1  4 
13. If log1/2   > 1, then the locus of z is
3 z  1  2
 
(A*) Exterior to circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(B) Interior to circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(C) Circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(D) Circle with center 2 + i0 and radius 10
 z 1  4 
;fn log1/2   > 1 rc z dk fcUnqiFk gS&

3 z  1  2
(A*) dsUnz 1 + i0 vkSj f=kT;k 10 ds o`Ùk dk ckgjh Hkkx
(B) dsUnz 1 + i0 vkSj f=kT;k 10 ds o`Ùk dk vkUrfjd Hkkx
(C) dsUnz 1 + i0 vkSj f=kT;k 10 dk o`Ùk
(D) dsUnz 2 + i0 vkSj f=kT;k 10 dk o`Ùk

14. Points z1 & z2 are adjacent vertices of a regular octagon. The vertex z3 adjacent to z2 (z3  z1) is
represented by :
1 1
(A) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1 + z2) (B) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1  z2)
2 2
1
(C*) z2 + (1 ± i) (z2  z1) (D) none of these
2
lev"VHkqt ds vklUu 'kh"kZ z1 ,oa z2 gS] rks z2 ds vklUu 'kh"kZ z3 (z3  z1) dks iznf'kZr fd;k tk ldrk gS &
1 1
(A) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1 + z2) (B) z2 + (1 ± i) (z1  z2)
2 2
1
(C) z2 + (1 ± i) (z2  z1) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
2
15. If p = a + b + c2; q = b + c + a2 and r = c + a + b2 where a, b, c  0 and  is the non-real
complex cube root of unity, then :
(A) p + q + r = a + b + c (B) p2 + q2 + r2 = a2 + b2 + c2
(C*) p2 + q2 + r2 = 2(pq + qr + rp) (D) None of these
;fn p = a + b + c ; q = b + c + a ,oa r = c + a + b2, tgk¡ a, b, c  0 gks rFkk bdkbZ dk dkYifud
2 2

?kuewy gks] rks &

(A) p + q + r = a + b + c (B) p2 + q2 + r2 = a2 + b2 + c2
(C) p2 + q2 + r2 = 2(pq + qr + rp) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

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 Complex Number
16. The points z1 = 3 + 3 i and z2 = 2 3 + 6 i are given on a complex plane. The complex number lying
on the bisector of the angle formed by the vectors z1 and z2 is :
(3  2 3) 3 2
(A) z =  i (B*) z = 5 + 5 i
2 2
(C) z =  1  i (D) none
lfEeJ lery esa fcUnq z1 = 3 + 3 i ,oa z2 = 2 3 + 6 i fn, x, gSA lfn'kksa z1 ,oa z2 ls fufeZr dks.k ds v/kZd ij
fLFkr lfEeJ la[;k gS &
(3  2 3) 3 2
(A) z =  i (B) z = 5 + 5 i
2 2
(C) z =  1  i (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

17. Let  be the non real cube root of unity which satisfy the equation h(x) = 0 where h(x) = x f(x 3) + x2g(x3).
If h(x) is polynomial with real coefficient then which statement is incorrect.
ekuk  bdkbZ dk vokLrfod ?kuewy gS tks lehdj.k h(x) = 0 dks larq"V djrk gS tgka h(x) = x f(x3) + x2g(x3) dks
;fn h(x) okLrfod xq.kdksa dk cgqin gS rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk vlR; dFku gS&
(A) f(1) = 0 (B) g(1) = 0 (C) h(1) = 0 (D*) g(1)  f(1)

18. If 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 be the nth roots of unity, then the value of
 2 3 (n  1) 
sin . sin . sin ........ sin equals
n n n n
 2 3 (n  1) 
ekuk 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 , n bdkbZ ds nosa ewy gS rks sin . sin . sin ........ sin dk eku
n n n n
cjkcj gS&
n n n 1 n
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
2n 2n  1 2n  1 2n  1

PART - II : MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MSQs);

ONE OR MORE THAN ONE CORRECT ANSWER(s)
Hkkx - II : cgqfodYih iz'u (MSQs); ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
(Multiple Choice Questions (MSQs); One or More than One Correct Answer(s))

1. If the biquadratic x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d  R) has 4 non real roots, two with sum 3 + 4i
and the other two with product 13 + i.
;fn prqFkZ ?kkr lehdj.k x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d  R) ds 4 vokLrfod ewy gSa] ftuesa ls nks dk
;ksx 3 + 4i rFkk vU; nks dk xq.kuQy 13 + i gS] rks
(A*) b = 51 (B*) a = –6 (C*) c = –70 (D*) d = 170
2. The quadratic equation z2 + (p + ip) z + q + iq = 0; where p, p, q, q are all real.
(A*) if the equation has one real root then q 2  pp  q + qp 2 = 0.
(B*) if the equation has two equal roots then pp = 2q .
(C*) if the equation has two equal roots then p2  p2 = 4q
(D) if the equation has one real root then p 2  pp  q + q 2 = 0.
f}?kkr lehdj.k z2 + (p + ip) z + q + iq = 0; tgk¡ p, p, q, q lHkh okLrfod gS] ds lanHkZ esa
(A*) ;fn lehdj.k dk ,d okLrfod ewy gS] rks q 2 
pp  q + = 0. qp 2
(B*) ;fn lehdj.k ds nks ewy cjkcj gS] rks pp = 2q .
(C*) ;fn lehdj.k ds nks ewy leku gS rks p2  p2 = 4q
(D) ;fn lehdj.k dk ,d ewy okLrfod gS rks p 2  pp  q + q 2 = 0.
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 Complex Number
3. The value of in + in, for i =  1 and n   is :
i = 1 ds fy, in + in, tgk¡ n   dk eku gksxk &
2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n 2n 2n 2n
(A) + (B*) + (C) + (D*) +
(1 i) 2n
2 n
2 n
2 n
2n
(1 i) 2n
(1 i) 2n
(1 i)2n

4.  If amp (z1z2) = 0 and |z1| = |z2| = 1, then

(A) z1 + z2 = 0 (B*) z1z2 = 1 (C*) z1 = z2 (D) z1 = z2
;fn amp (z1z2) = 0 rFkk |z1| = |z2| = 1, rc
(A) z1 + z2 = 0 (B*) z1z2 = 1 (C*) z1 = z2 (D) z1 = z2

5. Let z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that (1 – i)z1 = 2z2 and arg(z1z2) = , then arg(z2) is equal
2
to

ekuk z1 rFkk z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ bl izdkj gS fd (1 – i)z1 = 2z2 vkSj arg(z1z2) = rc arg(z2) cjkcj gSµ
2
(A) 3/8 (B*) /8 (C) 5/8 (D*) – 7/8

6. If |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |zz|2 (where z1 and z2 are non-zero complex numbers), then
z1 z1
(A) is purely real (B*) is purely imaginary
z2 z2
z1 
(C*) z1z2  z2 z1 = 0 (D*) amp may be equal to
z2 2
;fn |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 gks] rks (tgk¡ z1 vkSj z2 v'kwU; lfEeJ la[;k,a gSA), rc
z1
(A) fo'kq) okLrfod gSA (B) fo'kq) dkYifud gSA
z2
z1 
(C) z1z2  z2 z1 = 0 (D) dks.kkad dk eku ds cjkcj gksldrk gSA
z2 2
7. a, b, c are real numbers in the polynomial, P(z) = 2z4 + az3 + bz2 + cz + 3. If two roots of the equation
P(z) = 0 are 2 and i. Then which of the following are true.

cgqin P(z) = 2z4 + az3 + bz2 + cz + 3 esa a, b, c okLrfod la[;k,¡ gSaA ;fn lehdj.k P(z) = 0 ds nks ewy 2 ,oa i
gS] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
11 11
(A*) a = – (B*) b = 5 (C*) c = – (D) a = –11
2 2
1  i1  2i1  3i...... 1  ni 
8. If Z = , n  N then principal argument of Z can be
1  i 2  i 3  i ...... n  i 

1  i1  2i1  3i...... 1  ni 

;fn Z = , n  N gks rks Z dk eq[; dks.kkad gks ldrk gS&
1  i 2  i 3  i ...... n  i 
 
(A*) 0 (B*) (C*) – (D*) 
2 2
9.  For complex numbers z and w, if |z|2w – |w|2 z = z – w. Which of the following can be true :
z rFkk w lfEeJ la[;kvksa ds fy, ;fn |z|2w – |w|2 z = z – w. fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
(A*) z = w (B*) z w = 1 (C) |z| = |w| = 2, z  w (D*) z w = 1

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 Complex Number
10. If z satisfies the inequality |z – 1 – 2i|  1, then which of the following are true.
(A*) maximum value of |z| = 5 1 (B*) minimum value of |z| = 5  1
3
(C*) maximum value of arg(z) = /2 (D*) minimum value of arg(z) = tan–1  
4
;fn z vlfedk |z – 1 – 2i|  1 gks rks] fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
(A*) |z| dk vf/kdre eku = 5  1 (B*) |z| dk U;wure eku = 5  1

U;wure eku tan–1   gSA

3
(C*) arg(z) dk vf/kdre eku /2 gSA (D*) arg(z) dk
4
3
11. The curve represented by z = ,  [0, 2)
2  cos   i sin 
(A*) never meets the imaginary axis (B*) meets the real axis in exactly two points
(C*) has maximum value of |z| as 3 (D*) has minimum value of |z| as 1
3
z= ,  [0, 2) }kjk iznf'kZr oØ &
2  cos   i sin 
(A*) dkYifud v{k dks dHkh ugha feyrkA (B*) okLrfod v{k dks dsoy nks fcUnqvksa ij feyrk gSA
(C*) |z| dk vf/kdre eku 3 gSA (D*) |z| dk U;wure eku 1 gSA
12. POQ is a straight line through the origin O . P and Q represent the complex number a + i b and c + i d
respectively and OP = OQ. Then which of the follwoing are true :
POQ ewy fcUnq ls tkus okyh ,d ljy js[kk gSA P vkSj Q dh lfEeJ la[;k,sa % a + i b vkSj c + i d gS rFkk OP =
OQ. rc fuEu esa ls dkSuls lgh gSA
(A*) |a + i b| = | c + i d| (B*) a + c = b + d
(C) arg (a + i b) = arg (c + i d) (D) none of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha

13. Let i = 1 . Define a sequence of complex number by z1 = 0, zn+1 = zn2 + i for n  1. Then which of the
following are true.
ekukfd i = 1 . n  1 ds fy, lfEeJ la[;k dk ,d vuqØe z1 = 0, zn+1 = zn2 + i }kjk ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA
rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
(A) |z2050| = 3 (B*) |z2017| = 2 (C*) |z2016| = 1 (D*) |z2111| = 2

14. If |z1| = |z2| = ...... = |zn| = 1 then which of the following are true.
1
(A*) z1 =
z1
1 1 1
(B*) |z1 + z2 + ..... + zn| =   ......  .
z1 z2 zn
1 1 1
(C*) Centroid of polygon with 2n vertices z1, z2, ....... zn , , ..... (need not be in order) lies
z1 z 2 zn
on real axis.
1 1 1
(D) Centroid of polygon with 2n vertices z1, z2, ...... zn , ,.... (need not be in order) lies on
z1 z 2 zn
imaginary axis.

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 Complex Number
;fn |z1| = |z2| = ...... = |zn| = 1 gks rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
1
(A*) z1 =
z1
1 1 1
(B*) |z1 + z2 + ..... + zn| =   ......  .
z1 z2 zn
1 1 1
(C*) 2n 'kh"kkZsa z1, z2, ....... zn , , , ..... (Øe esa gksuk vko';d ugha) okys ds cgqHkqt dk dsUnzd
z1 z 2 zn
okLrfod v{k ij fLFkr gSA
1 1 1
(D) 2n 'kh"kkZsa z1, z2, ....... zn , , ,.... (Øe esa gksuk vko';d ugha) ds cgqHkqt dk dsUnzd dkYifud v{k
z1 z 2 zn
ij fLFkr gS&
1 1
15. If 2 cos = x + and 2 cos = y + , then which of the following statement can be true?
x y
1 x y
(A*) xn + = 2 cos (n), n  z (B*)  = 2 cos ( – )
xn y x
1 1
(C*) xy + = 2 cos ( + ) (D*) xmyn + m n
= 2cos(m + n), m, n  z
xy x y
1 1
;fn 2 cos = x + vkSj 2 cos = y + gks] rks fuEu esa ls dkSuls dFku lR; gks ldrs gS\
x y
1 x y
(A*) xn + n
= 2 cos (n), n  z (B*)  = 2 cos ( – )
x y x
1 1
(C*) xy + = 2 cos ( + ) (D*) xmyn + m n
= 2cos(m + n), m, n  z
xy x y
z
16. If = k, k > 0 where, z = x + iy and  = 1 + i2,  = 1 + i2 are fixed complex numbers. Then
z 
which of the following are true
 k 2   
(A*) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose centre is  2
 k  1 
 
k(  )
(B*) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose radius is
1 k2
(C*) if k = 1 then locus is perpendicular bisector of line joining  = 1 + i2 and  = 1 + i2
 k 2   
(D) if k  1 then locus is a circle whose centre is  2
 k  1 
 
z
;fn = k, k  1, tgk¡ z = x + iy vkSj  = 1 + i2,  = 1 + i2 fLFkj lfEeJ la[;k,¡ gS] rc fuEu esa ls
z 
dkSulk lR; gS&
 k 2   
(A*) ;fn k  1 gks rks fcUnqiFk] ,d o`Ùk gS ftldk dsUnz   gSA
 k 1 
2

k(  )
(B*) ;fn k  1 fcUnqiFk] ,d o`Ùk gS ftldh f=kT;k gSA
1 k2
(C*) ;fn k = 1 fcUnqiFk]  = 1 + i2 vkSj  = 1 + i2 dks feykus okyh js[kk dk yEc lef)Hkktd gSA
 k 2   
(D) ;fn k  1 gks rks fcUnqiFk] ,d o`Ùk gS ftldk dsUnz   gSA
 k 1 
2

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 Complex Number
 z  1  2i  
17. The locus of equation Arg   represents part of circle in which
 z3i  3
 3  1 2  5
(A*) centre is  1   i   (B*) radius is
 2 2 3   3
 3  1 2  5
(C) centre is  1   i   (D) radius is
 2 2 3   3
z  1  2i  
lehdj.k Arg   dk fcUnqiFk] o`Ùk ds Hkkx dks O;Dr djrh gS ftlesa
 z3i  3
 3  1 2  5
(A) dsUnz  1   i   gSA (B) f=kT;k gSA
 2 2 3   3
 3  1 2  5
(C) dsUnz  1   i   gSA (D) f=kT;k gSA
 2 2 3   3

18. The equation ||z + i| – |z – i|| = k represents

(A*) a hyperbola if 0 < k < 2 (B) a pair of ray if k > 2
(C*) a straight line if k = 0 (D*) a pair of ray if k = 2
lehdj.k ||z + i| – |z – i|| = k iznf'kZr djrh gS &
(A) ,d vfrijoy; ;fn 0 < k < 2 (B) ,d fdj.k ;qXe ;fn k > 2
(C) ,d ljy js[kk ;fn k = 0 (D) ,d fdj.k ;qXe ;fn k = 2

19. The equation |z – i| + |z + i| = k, k > 0, can represent

(A*) an ellipse if k > 2 (B*) line segment if k = 2
(C*) an ellipse if k = 5 (D*) no locus if k = 1
lehdj.k |z – i| + |z + i| = k, k > 0, iznf'kZr djrh gS&
(A) ,d nh?kZo`Ùk ;fn k > 2 (B) js[kk[k.M ;fn k = 2
(C) ,d nh?kZo`Ùk ;fn k = 5 (D) dksbZ fcUnqiFk ugh ;fn k = 1

20. If |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 and z1, z2, z3 are represented by the vertices of an equilateral triangle then
(A*) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 (B) z1z2z3 = 1
(C*) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 0 (D*) z23 + z33 = 2z13
;fn |z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 gks rFkk ,d leckgq f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ z1, z2, z3 gks] rks &
(A*) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 (B) z1z2z3 = 1
(C*) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 0 (D*) z23 + z33 = 2z13

21. Let z1, z2, z3 be three distinct complex numbers satisfying, z11 = z21 = z31= 1. Let A, B & C
be the points representing vertices of equilateral triangle in the Argand plane corresponding to z1, z2
and z3 respectively. Which of the following are true
ekukfd lehdj.k z11 = z21 = z31= 1 dks larq"V djus okyh rhu fHkUu&fHkUu lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z1, z2,
z3 gSA rFkk vkxsZ.M lery esa z1, z2, z3 ds laxr fcUnq Øe'k% A, B ,oa C gSA A, B, C leckgq f=kHkqt ds 'kh"kZ gS] rks
fuEu es ls dkSulk lR; gS&
(A*) z1 + z2 + z3 = 3 (B*) z12 + z22 + z32 = 3
3 3
(C*) area of trianglef+=kHkqt ABC dk {ks=kQy = (D) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 1
4

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 Complex Number
22. If 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 be the nth roots of unity, then which of the following are true
ekuk 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n  1 , bdkbZ ds nosa ewy gSA rc fuEu esa dkSulk lghs gS&
1 1 1 n 1
(A*)   ......  =
1  1 1  2 1  n1 2
(B*) (1 1) (1 2) (1 3)........ (1  n  1) = n.
(C*) (2 – 1) (2 2) (2 3)........ (2  n  1) = 2n – 1
1 1 1 n
(D)   ......  =
1  1 1  2 1  n1 2
23. Which of the following are true. fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
x n  2
(A*) cos x + nC1 cos 2x + nC2 cos 3x +..... + nCn cos (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn . cos  x
2  2 
x n  2
(B*) sin x + nC1 sin 2x + nC2 sin 3x +..... + nCn sin (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn . sin   x
2  2 
x  nx 
(C*) 1 + nC1 cosx + nC2 cos 2x +..... + nCn cos nx = 2n. cosn . cos  
2  2 
x  nx 
(D*) nC1 sinx + nC2 sin 2x +..... + nCn sin n x = 2n. cosn . sin  
2  2 
24. If  are distinct roots of x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 and  is non-real cube root of unity, then the value of
 1  1  1
  can be equal to :
 1  1  1
;fn  lehdj.k x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 ds fHkUu&fHkUu ewy gS rFkk  bdkbZ dk lfEeJ ?kuewy gS
 1  1  1
rc   dk eku cjkcj gSA
 1  1  1
(A) 2 (B) 22 (C*) 32 (D*) 3

25. If z is a complex number then the equation z2 + z z + z2 = 0 is satisfied by

( and 2 are imaginary cube roots of unity)
(A) z = k  where k  R (B*) z = k 2 where k is non negative real
(C*) z = k  where k is positive real (D) z = k 2 where k  R.
;fn z ,d ,slh lfEeJ la[;k gS tks lehdj.k z + z z + z2 = 0 dks larq"V djrh gS rks
2

( vkSj 2 bdkbZ ds dkYifud ?kuewy gSA)

(A) z = k  tgk¡ k  R (B) z = k 2 tgk¡ k v_.kkRed okLrfod gSA
(C) z = k  tgk¡ k /kukRed okLrfod gSA (D) z = k 2 tgk¡ k  R.

26. If  is imaginary nth (n  3) root of unity. Which of the following are true.
;fn  bdkbZ dk dkYifud noka (n  3) ewy gS rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk lR; gS&
n 1 n 1
n 2r 
  (n  r) sin
n
(A*) (n  r) r = (B*) = cot .
r 1
1  r 1
n 2 n
n 1 n 1
2r
 (n  r) cos  (n  r) 
n n
(C*) =– (D) r
=
r 1
n 2 r 1
1 

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 Complex Number
27. Which of the following is true?
(A*) Number of roots of the equation z10  z5  992 = 0 with real part positive = 5
(B*) Number of roots of the equation z10  z5  992 = 0 with real part negative = 5
(C*) Number of roots of the equation z10  z5  992 = 0 with imaginary part non-negative = 6
(D*) Number of roots of the equation z10  z5  992 = 0 with imaginary part negative = 4
fuEu esa ls dkSuls lR; gS\
(A*) lehdj.k z10  z5  992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k 5 gksxh ftlds okLrfod Hkkx /kukRed gSA
(B*) lehdj.k z10  z5  992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k 5 gksxh ftlds okLrfod Hkkx _.kkkRed gSA
(C*) lehdj.k z10  z5  992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k 6 gksxh ftlds dkYifud Hkkx v_.kkkRed gSA
(D*) lehdj.k z10  z5  992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k 4 gksxh ftlds dkYifud Hkkx _.kkkRed gSA

PART - III : NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS (NVQs)

Hkkx - III : la[;kRed eku iz'u (Numerical Value Questions) (NVQs)

INSTRUCTION :
 The answer to each question is NUMERICAL VALUE with two digit integer and decimal upto two digit.
 If the numerical value has more than two decimal places truncate/round-off the value to TWO decimal
placed.

funsZ'k :
 bl [k.M esa izR;sd iz'u dk mÙkj la[;kRed eku ds :i esa gS ftlesa nks iw.kk±d vad rFkk nks vad n'keyo ds ckn esa gSA
 ;fn la[;kRed eku esa nks ls vf/kd n’'keyo LFkku gS] rks la[;kRed eku dks n'keyo ds nks LFkkuksa rd VªadsV@jkmaM
vkWQ (truncate/round-off) djsaA
N
1. If a and b are positive integer such that N = (a + ib)3 – 107i is a positive integer then find the value of
5
N
;fn /kukRed iw.kk±d a ,oa b bl izdkj gSa fd N = (a + ib)3 – 107i ,d /kukRed iw.kk±d gks] rks dk eku Kkr
5
dhft,A
Ans. 39.60

2. Let z,w be complex numbers such that z  iw  0 and arg zw = . If Re(z) < 0 and principal arg(z) is
ekuk z,w lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd z  iw  0 vkSj arg zw = . ;fn Re(z) < 0 vkSj arg(z) dk eq[;
dks.kkad dk eku gksxk &
Ans. 02.35 or 02.36


 1  i
r
3. If x = 91/3 91/9 91/27 ..., y = 41/3 4–1/9 41/27 ... , and z = and principal argument of P = (x + yz) is
r 1

 a
–tan–1 
 b 
then determine a2 + b2. (where a & b are co-prime natural numbers)
 


 1  i
r
‘;fn x = 91/3 91/9 91/27 ..., y = 41/3 4–1/9 41/27 ...  rFkk z = gksa rFkk P = (x + yz) dk eq[; dks.kkad
r 1

 a
–tan–1  gks rks a2 + b2 dk eku gksxk& (tgk¡ a vkSj b lgvHkkT; izkÑr la[;k,a gSA)
 b 
 
Ans. 13.00

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 Complex Number
4. z1, z2  c and z12 + z22  R,
z1(z12 – 3z22) = 2, z2 (3z12 – z22) = 11
If z12 + z22 = then determine 2
z1, z2  c vkSj z12 + z22  R,
z1(z12 – 3z22) = 2, z2 (3z12 – z22) = 11
;fn z12 + z22 = gks rks 2 dk eku gS&
Ans. 25.00

z 1
5. Let |z| = 2 and w = where z, wC (where C is the set of complex numbers). If maximum and
z 1
minimum value of |w| is M and m respectively then value of M + m.
z 1
ekuk |z| = 2 vkSj w = tgk¡ z, wC (tgk¡ C ,d lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk leqPp; gS), ;fn |w| dk vf/kdre o
z 1
U;wure eku Øe'k% M vkSj m gks rks M + m dk eku gksxk &
Ans. 09.11

6. A function 'f' is defined by f(z) = (4 + i)z2 + z +  for all complex number z, where  and  are complex
numbers if f(1) and f(i) are both real and the smallest possible values of || + || is p then determine p.
ekuk Qyu 'f' lHkh lfEeJ la[;kvksa z ds fy, ifjHkkf"kr bl izdkj gS fd f(z) = (4 + i)z2 + z +  tgk¡  vkSj 
lfEeJ la[;k,a gS ;fn f(1) vkSj f(i) nksuks okLrfod gS vkSj || + || dk lcls NksVk laHkkfor eku p gS rc p Kkr
dhft,A
Ans. 01.41


7. If z and  are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = 1, and arg (z) – arg() = , then find
2
the value of 10 i z 

;fn z vkSj  nks v'kwU; lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd |z| = 1 vkSj dks.kkad (z) – dks.kkad () = , rks 10 i z 
2
dk eku gS&
Ans. 10.00

8. Number of complex number satisfying |z| = max {|z – 1|, |z + 1|}.
|z| = max {|z – 1|, |z + 1|} dks larq"V djus okys lfEeJ la[;kvksa dh la[;k gS&
Ans. 00.00


9. If z1 & z2 both satisfy the relation, z + z = 2 z  1 and arg (z1  z2) = , then find the imaginary part
4
of (z1 + z2).

;fn lEcU/k z + z = 2 z  1 ,oa dks.kkad (z1  z2) = nksuksa dks z1 o z2 larq"V djrs gks] rks (z1 + z2) dk
4
dkYifud Hkkx Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 02.00

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 Complex Number
10. If a1, a2, a3.... an, A1, A2, A3..... An, k are all real numbers and number of imaginary roots of the
A12 A 22 A n2
equation   ......  = k is (where all Ai  0). Then find the value of  + 15.
x  a1 x  a2 x  an
A12 A 22 A n2
;fn a1, a2, a3.... an, A1, A2, A3..... An, k lHkh okLrfod la[;k,a gS rFkk   ......  =k ds
x  a1 x  a2 x  an
dkYifud ewyksa dh la[;k gS (tgk¡ lHkh Ai  0) rks  + 15 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 15.00

a z
1 r
11. How many complex number z such that | z | < and r = 1 where |ar| < 2.
3 r 1
n

a z
1 r
lfEeJ la[;k z dh la[;k gksxh tcfd | z | < vkSj r = 1 tgk¡ |ar| < 2 larq"V gksrh gSA
3 r 1

Ans. 00.00

12. If a variable circle S touches S1 : |z – z1| = 7 internally and S2 : |z – z2| = 4 externally while the curves S1
& S2 touch internally to each other, (z1  z2). If the eccentricity of the locus of the centre of the curve S is
‘e’ find the value of e.
;fn ,d pj o`Ùk S, S1 : |z – z1| = 7 dks vUr% LIk'kZ djrk gS S2 : |z – z2| = 4 dks ckg~;r% Li'kZ djrk gS tcfd
oØ S1 vkSj S2 ijLij ,d nqljs dks vUr% Li'kZ djrs gS] (z1  z2) rks oØ S ds dsUnz ds fcUnqiFk dh mRdsUnzrk dk
eku e gS rks e dk eku gS&
Ans. 00.27
z2
13. Given that, z  1 = 1, where ' z ' is a point on the argand plane. =  i tan (arg z). Then
2z
1
determine .
4
z2 1
;fn z  1 = 1 tgk¡ ' z ' vkxZs.M ry esa dksbZ fcUnq gks] rFkk =  i tan (arg z) gks rks dk eku gS&
2z 4
Ans. 16.00

 
14. Area of the region formed by z  4 & –  arg z  on the Argand diagram is
2 3
 
lfEeJ ry esa z  4 vkSj –  arg z  nksuks dks larq"V djus okys {ks=k dk {ks=kQy gksxk &
2 3
Ans. 20.94

15. The points A, B, C represent the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on a complex plane & the
1
angle B & C of the triangle ABC are each equal to (    ) . If
2

(z2  z3)² =  (z3  z1) (z1  z2) sin2 then determine 2
2
ekuk fcUnq A, B, C Øe'k% lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1, z2, z3 dks lfEeJ lery ij iznf'kZr djrs gS rFkk f=kHkqt ABC ds
1 
dks.k B o C izR;sd (  ) ds cjkcj gks] ;fn (z2  z3)² =  (z3  z1) (z1  z2) sin2 gks rks 2 dk eku Kkr
2 2
dhft,A
Ans. 16.00

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 Complex Number
1 1 1
16. If and 2 are the non-real cube roots of unity and a, b, c  R such that   = 22
a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1
and   = 2. If   =  then determine 4
a 2
b 2
c 2 a 1 b 1 c 1

1 1 1
;fn vkSj 2 bdkbZ dk vokLrfod ?ku ewy gS vkSj a, b, c  R bl izdkj gS fd   = 22
a b c
1 1 1 1 1 1
vkSj   = 2. ;fn   =  rc 4 dk eku gS&
a 2
b 2
c 2 a 1 b 1 c 1
Ans. 16.00
 n n n 
17. If L = lim    ......  2 
n  (1  n)(1  n2 )    2
   
 (2 n )(2 n ) (n n )(n n ) 
then value of 9L2 is
 n n n 
;fn L = nlim    ......  
 (1  n)(1  n2 ) (2  n)(2  n2 ) (n  n)(n  n2 ) 

rc 9L2 dk eku gksxk &
Ans. 03.28 or 03.29

6
 2 k 2 k 
18. The value of   sin
k 1  7
 icos
7 
= then find 4

6
 2 k 2 k 
  sin
k 1  7
 icos
7 
= gks rks 4 dk eku gS&

Ans. 01.00

r
 i 2   1+ Z1 + Z2 + Z3  ......... + Z7 
19. If Zr =  e 15  then value of arg   is
 
   1+ Z8 + Z9 + Z10 + ....... + Z14 
r
 i 2   1+ Z1 + Z2 + Z3  ......... + Z7 
;fn Zr =  e 15  rc arg   dk eku gksxk &
 
   1+ Z8 + Z9 + Z10 + ....... + Z14 

Ans. 02.93

20. If A1, A2, ......., An be the vertices of an n-sided regular polygon such that
1 1 1
= + , then find the value of n
A1A 2 A1A 3 A1A 4
1 1 1
;fn ,d n-Hkqtkvksa okys lecgqHkqt ds 'kh"kZ A1, A2, ......., An bl izdkj gS fd = + gks] rks n
A1A 2 A1A 3 A1A 4
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 07.00

21. If z is any complex number satisfying |z – 3 – 2i|  2, then the minimum value of |2z – 6 + 5i| is
eku yhft, fd z dksbZ lfEeJ la[;k (complex number) gS ftlds fy;s |z – 3 – 2i|  2 lR; gSA rks |2z – 6 + 5i|
dk U;wure eku gSA
Ans. (5)
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 Complex Number

PART - IV : MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS

(Column Match Type Questions (CMTQs), Paragraph Based Questions (PBQs))
Hkkx - IV : fofo/k iz'u ¼dkWye izdkj ds iz'u] vuqPNsn vk/kkfjr iz'u½
(Miscellaneous Questions :
(Column Match Type Questions (CMTQs), Paragraph Based Questions (PBQs)))
1. Match the column
Column –  Column – 
(Complex number lfEeJ la[;k Z) (Principal argument of Z dk eq[; dks.kkad)
1  3i
2
1  i
5

(A) Z= . (p) 
2i   3  i 

6  6  7
(B) Z = sin + i  1  cos is (q) 
5  5  18
 11   11  9
(C) Z = 1 + cos   + i sin  9  (r)
 9    10
(D) Z = sinx sin(x – 60º) sin(x + 60º)
  5
where tgk¡ x  0,  and vkSj x R (s) –
 3 12
(t) 0
Ans. Ans. (A)  (s), (B)  (r), (C)  (q), (D)  (p)

2. Column I Column II

LrEHk-I LrEHk-II
(one of the values of z)
(z dk ,d eku)
 
(A) z4 – 1 = 0 p. z = cos + i sin
8 8
 
(B) z4 + 1 = 0 q. z = cos – i sin
8 8
 
(C) iz4 + 1 = 0 r. z = cos + i sin
4 4
(D) iz4 – 1 = 0 s. z = cos 0 + i sin 0
Ans. A  s; B  r; C  p; D  q.

3. Which of the condition/ conditions in column II are satisfied by the quadrilateral formed by z 1, z2, z3, z4 in
order given in column I ?
Column - I Column-II
(A) Parallelogram (p) z1 – z4 = z2 – z3
(B) Rectangle (q) |z1 – z3| = |z2 – z4|
z1  z2
(C) Rhombus (r) is real
z3  z 4
z1  z3
(D) Square (s) is purely imaginary
z2  z 4
z1  z2
(t) is purely imaginary
z3  z 2

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 Complex Number
LrEHk-I esa fn, x, Øe esa z1, z2, z3, z4 ls cus prqHkqZt dks LrEHk II ls fn, x, izfrcU/k ls lUrq"V gksrk gS ?
LrEHk- I LrEHk-II
(A) lekUrj prqHkqZt (p) z1 – z4 = z2 – z3

(B) vk;r (q) |z1 – z3| = |z2 – z4|

z1  z2
(C) leprqHkqZt (r) okLrfod gS
z3  z 4
z1  z3
(D) oxZ (s) fo'kq) dkYifud gS
z2  z 4
z1  z2
(t) fo'kq) dkYifud gS
z3  z 2
Ans. a  p, r; b  p,q,r, t; c  p,r,s; d  p,q,r,s, t.

4. Let z1 lies on | z | = 1 and z2 lies on | z | = 2.

Column –  Column – 
(A) Maximum value of | z1 + z2 | (p) 3
(B) Minimum value of | z1 – z2 | (q) 1
(C) Minimum value of | 2z1 + 3z2 | (r) 4
(D) Maximum value of | z1 – 2z2| (s) 5
ekuk z1 , | z | = 1 ij fLFkr gS vkSj z2 , | z | = 2 ij fLFkr gS&
LrEHk –  LrEHk – 
(A) | z1 + z2 | dk egÙke eku (p) 3
(B) | z1 – z2 | dk U;wure eku (q) 1
(C) | 2z1 + 3z2 | dk U;wure eku (r) 4
(D) | z1 – 2z2| dk egÙke eku (s) 5
Ans. (A)  (p), (B)  (q), (C)  (r), (D)  (s)

5. Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II.

[Note : Here z takes values in the complex plane and Im z and Re z denote, respectively, the
imaginary part and the real part of z.]
Column-I Column-II
4
(A) The set of points z satisfying (p) an ellipse with eccentricity
5
|z – i| z|| = |z + i|z|| is contained in
or equal to

(B) The set of points z satisfying (q) the set of points z satisfying Im z = 0
|z + 4| + |z – 4| = 10 is contained in
or equal to
1
(C) If |w| = 2, then the set of points z = w – (r) the set of point z satisfying |Im z|  1
w
is contained in or equal to
1
(D) If |w| = 1, then the set of points z = w + (s) the set of points z satisfying |Re z|  2
w
is contained in or equal to
(t) the set of points z satisfying |z|  3
Ans. (A) - (q,r), (B)-(p), (C) - (p,s,t), (D) - (q,r,s,t)
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 Complex Number
dkWye -I esa fn, x, oDrO;ksa dk dkWye -II esa fn, oDrO;ksa ls lqesy djsaA
[uksV: z lfEeJ ry esa eku ysrk gS ,oa Im z rFkk Re z Øe'k% z ds dkYifud ,oa okLrfod Hkkxksa dks n'kkZrs gSaA ]

dkWye -I dkWye -II

4
(A) |z – i| z|| = |z + i|z|| dks larq"V djus okys z (p) mRdsUnzrk okyk nh?kZo`Ùk
5
dk leqPp; vUrfoZ"V ;k cjkcj gS&

(B) |z + 4| + |z – 4| = 10 dks larq"V djus okys z(q)Im z = 0 dks larq"V djus okys lHkh z dk leqPp;
dk leqPp; vUrfoZ"V ;k cjkcj gS&
(C) ;fn |w| = 2 rks ,sls lHkh z dk leqPp; fd (r) |Im z|  1 dks larq"V djus okys lHkh z dk leqPp;

1
z=w– vUrfoZ"V ;k cjkcj gS&
w
1
(D) ;fn |w| = 1rks z = w + dks larq"V djus okys (s) |Re z|  2 dks larq"V djus okys lHkh z dk
w
leqPp;
lHkh z dk leqPp; vUrfoZ"V ;k cjkcj gS&
(t) |z|  3 dks larq"V djus okys lHkh z dk leqPp;

Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 6 - 7)

vuqPNsn # 1
Let (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + .......+ Cnxn. For sum of series C0 + C1 + C2 + ........., put x = 1. For sum of
series C0 + C2 + C4 + C6 + ........, or C1 + C3 + C5 + ........ add or substract equations obtained by putting
x = 1 and x = – 1.
For sum of series C0 + C3 + C6 + ........ or C1 + C4 + C7 + ....... or C2 + C5 + C8 + ....... we subsitute x = 1,
x = , x = 2 and add or manipulate results.
Similarly, if suffixes differe by ‘p’ then we substitute pth roots of unity and add.
ekuk (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + .......+ Cnxn. Js.kh C0 + C1 + C2 + ........., ds ;ksx ds fy;s x = 1 j[krk gSA
Js.kh C0 + C2 + C4 + C6 + ........, ;k C1 + C3 + C5 + ........ ds ;ksx ds fy;s x = 1 ,oa x = – 1 j[kus esa izkIr
lehdj.kksa dks tksM+rs ;k ?kVkrs gSSA Js.kh C0 + C3 + C6 + ........ ;k C1 + C4 + C7 + ....... ;k C2 + C5 + C8 + ....... ds
;ksx ds fy;s ge x = 1, x = , x = 2 izfrLFkkfir djrs gS vkSj ifj.kkeksa dk ;ksx ,oa vUrj ysrs gSA blh izdkj ;fn
vuqyXuksa dk vUrj ‘p’ gksrk gS rks ge bdkbZ esa posa ewyksa dks izfrLFkkfir djrs gS vkSj ;ksx ysrs gSA

6. C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 +........ =
1  n n 1  n n 1  n n 1  n n
(A) 2  2cos 3  (B*) 2  2 cos 3  (C) 3 2  2sin 3  (D) 2  2sin 3 
3   3     3  

7. C1 + C5 + C9 +.... =
1  n n 1  n n
(A) 2  2n / 2 2cos (B) 2  2n / 2 2cos
4  4  4  4 
1  n n 1  n n
(C) 2  2n / 2 2sin (D*) 2  2n / 2 2sin
4  4  4  4 

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 Complex Number
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 8 to 11)
As we know ei = cos + isin and (cos1 + isin1).(cos2 + isin2) = cos(1 + 2) + i sin(1 + 2)
3
Let ,   R such that cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) = –
2

8.  sin (+ ) =  cos (+ ) =

(A*)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3

9. cos(2 –  –  )
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D*)3

10.  cos 3  =
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C*)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3
 cos (   )
3
11. If   R then =
 cos(   )
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D*)3

vuqPNsn # 2 (Q. No. 8 to 11) 

tSlk fd ge tkurs gS
ei = cos + isin and (cos1 + isin1).(cos2 + isin2) = cos(1 + 2) + i sin(1 + 2)
3
ekuk ,   R bl izdkj gS fd cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) + cos ( – ) = –
2
8.  sin (+ ) =  cos (+ ) =
(A*)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3
9. cos(2 –  –  )
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D*)3
10.  cos 3  =
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C*)3 cos ( +  + ) (D)3
 cos (   )
3
11 ;fn   R rc =
 cos(   )
(A)0 (B)3cos cos cos (C)3 cos ( +  + ) (D*)3

Comprehension # 3(Q. No. 12 to 13)

ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect at the point M and satisfy BD = 2AC. Let the
points D and M represent complex numbers 1 + i and 2 – i respecetively.
If is arbitary real, then z = reiRr  R2 lies in annular region formed by concentric circles
| z | = R1 , | z | = R2 .
12. A possible representation of point A is
i i 3 3
(A*) 3 – (B) 3 + (C) 1 + i (D) 3 – i
2 2 2 2

13. If z is any point on segment DM then w = eiz lies in annular region formed by concentric circles.
1
(A) |w |min = 1, |w|max = 2 (B*) | w |min = , | w |max = e
e
1 1
(C) |w |min = 2
, | w |max = e2 (D) | w |min = , | w |max = 1
e 2

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 Complex Number
vuqPNsn ¼iz'u la[;k 12 ls 13½

ABCD ,d leprqHkZqt gS blds fod.kZ AC o BD fcUnq M ij izfrPNsfnr djrs gS vkSj BD = 2AC. ekuk fcUnq D vkSj
M lfEeJ la[;k,a 1 + i vkSj 2 – i dks Øe'k% iznf'kZr djrs gSA
;fn LosPN okLrfod gS] rks z = reitgk¡Rr  R2 , nks ldsfnz; o`Ùkksa | z | = R1, | z | = R2 ds e/; fLFkr gSA

12. fcUnq A dk lEHko izn'kZu gS&

i i 3 3
(A*) 3 – (B) 3 + (C) 1 + i (D) 3 – i
2 2 2 2

13. ;fn z js[kk[k.M DM ij dksbZ fcUnq gS rks w = eiz ftu ladsUnzh o`Ùkksa ds e/; dk Hkkx gS os gSa&
1
(A) |w |min = 1, |w|max = 2 (B*) | w |min = , | w |max = e
e
1 1
(C) |w |min = 2
, | w |max = e2 (D) | w |min = , | w |max = 1
e 2
Comprehension # 4 (Q. No. 14 to 15)
Logarithm of a complex number z = x + iy is given by
logez = loge(x + iy) = loge(|z|ei) (where  = arg(z))
= loge|z| + logeei
= loge |z| + i

= loge x 2
 y2  + i arg(z)
 loge(z) = loge|z| + i arg(z)
1
In general loge (x+ iy) = loge (x² + y²) + i (2n + arg(x + iy)) where n  .
2
14. W rite log e (1 + 3 i) in (a + ib) form
 
(A*) log e 2 + i(2n + ) (B) log e 3 + i(n + )
3 3
 
(C) log e 2 + i(2n + ) (D) log e 2 + i(2n – )
6 3
15. Find the real part of (1 – i)–i.
1  1 
(A) e/4 + 2n cos  loge 2  (B*) e–/4 + 2n cos  loge 2 
 2   2 
 1 
(C) e–/4 + 2n cos loge 2 (D) e–/2 + 2n cos  loge 2 
2 
vuqPNsn # 4
lfEeJ la[;k dk y?kqx.kd fn;k x;k gS
logez = loge(x + iy) = loge(|z|ei) (tgk¡  = arg(z))
= loge|z| + logeei
= loge |z| + i

= loge x 2
 y2  + i arg(z)
 loge(z) = loge|z| + i arg(z)

1
O;kid esa loge (x+ iy) = loge (x² + y²) + i (2n + arg(x + iy)) tgk¡ n  .
2
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Complex Number
14. loge (1 + 3 i) esa (a + ib) ds :i esa fy[ks
 
(A*) loge2 + i(2n + ) (B) loge3 + i(n + )
3 3
 
(C) loge2 + i(2n + ) (D) loge2 + i(2n – )
6 3

15. (1 – i)–i dk okLrfod Hkkx Kkr dhft,

1  1 
(A) e/4 + 2n cos  loge 2  (B*) e–/4 + 2n cos  loge 2 
2  2 
 1 
(C) e–/4 + 2n cos loge 2 (D) e–/2 + 2n cos  loge 2 
2 

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Complex Number

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.

* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -
PART - I : JEE (Advanced) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS 10 YEARS)
Hkkx - I : JEE (Advanced) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys 10 o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
1
1. Let complex numbers  and lies on circles (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 and (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = 4r2,

respectively. If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2, then || =
1
ekukfd lfEeJ la[;k,a  rFkk Øe'k% o`Ùk (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 rFkk (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = 4r2 ij fLFkr

gSA ;fn z0 = x0 + iy0 lehdj.k 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2 dks larq"V djrk gS] rc || =
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/60]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
2 2 7 3
Sol. (C)
3 i  1
2.* Let w = and P = {wn : n = 1,2,3,....}. Further H1 = z  C : Re z  and H2 =
2  2
 1
z  C : Re z  –  , where C is the set of all complex numbers. If z1  P  H1, z2  P  H2 and O
 2
represents the origin, then z1O z2 = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
3 i
rFkk P = {wn : n = 1,2,3,....}. blds vfrfjDr H1 = z  C : Re
1
ekukfd w = z  rFkk
2  2
 1
H2 = z  C : Re z  –  , tgk¡ C lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk leqPp; gSA ;fn z1  P  H1, z2  P  H2 rFkk O
 2
ewyfcUnq iznf'kZr djrk gS] rc z1O z2 = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]

  2 5
(A) (B) (C*) (D*)
2 6 3 6
Sol. (C, D)
3.* Let  be a complex cube root of unity with   1 and P = [pij] be a n × n matrix with pij =  i . Then +j

P  0, when n =
2
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
bdkbZ dk ,d lfEeJ ?kuewy  yhft,] tgk¡   1 rFkk P = [pij] ,d n × n vkO;wg yhft,] tgk¡ pij =  i + j rc
P2  0, tc n = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) 57 (B*) 55 (C*) 58 (D*) 56
Sol. (B, C, D)
Paragraph for Question Nos. 4 to 5
iz'u 4 ls 5 ds fy, vuqPNsn
Let S = S 1  S 2 S 3 , where

  z – 1 3 i 

S 1 = {z C : |z| < 4}, S 2 = z  C :  m   0 and

  1 – 3 i  

S 3 : {z C : Re z > 0}.
ekuk fd S = S 1  S 2 S 3 , tgk¡

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Complex Number


  z – 1 3 i 

S 1 = {z C : |z| < 4}, S 2 = z  C :  m   0 rFkk S 3 : {z C : Re z > 0}.

  1 – 3 i  


4. Area of S =
S dk {ks=kQy = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
10  20  16  32 
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
Sol. (B)

5. min | 1– 3i – z | = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]

zS

2– 3 2 3 3– 3 3 3
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
2 2 2 2
Sol. (C)

 2k   2k 
6. Let z k = cos    isin   ; k  1, 2,...9 .
 10   10 
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
List I List II

P. For each z k there exists a z j such that z k . z j = 1 1. True

Q. There exists a k  {1,2,....,9} such that z 1 . . z = z k has 2. False

no solution z in the set of complex numbers.

| 1– z1 || 1– z 2 | ..... | 1– z 9 |
R. equals 3. 1
10

9
 2k 
S. 1 –  cos  10
k 1
 equals

4. 2

2k   2k 
ekukfd z k = cos    isin  10  ; k  1, 2,...9 .
 10   
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
lw p h -I lw p h -II
P. çR;sd zk ds fy, ,d ,slk zj gS ftlds fy;s zk. zj = 1 1. lR;
Q. {1,2,....,9} esa ,d ,slk k gS fd z1.. z = zk dk dksbZ gy 2. vlR;
z lfEeJ la[;kvksa (complex numbers) esa ugha gS
| 1– z1 || 1– z 2 | ..... | 1– z 9 |
R. dk eku gS& 3. 1
10
9
 2k 
S. 1–  cos  10  dk eku gS&
k 1
4. 2

P Q R S
(A) 1 2 4 3
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C*) 1 2 3 4
(D) 2 1 4 3
Ans. (C)

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Complex Number

 k   k 
7. For any integer k, let k = cos   + i sin   , where i = –1 . The value of the expression
 7   7 
12


k 1
k 1 – k
3
is [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]
  4k –1 – 4k – 2
k 1
12

k   k 
 k 1 – k
fdlh Hkh iw.kk±d k ds fy, k = cos   + i sin   , tgk¡ i = –1 gSA rc O;atd 3
k 1

 7   7 

k 1
4k –1 –  4k – 2

dk eku gS [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]

Ans. 4
1  3 i ( z)r z 2s 
8. Let z = 1 and r, s  {1,2,3}. Let P =  2s
, where i =  and  be the identity matrix of
2  z zr 
order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P2 = –  is
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, 0)/62]
1  3 i ( z)r z 2s 
ekuk fd z = , tgk¡ i = 1 vkSj r, s  {1,2,3} gSA ekuk fd P =  2s  vkSj  nks dksfV
2  z zr 
(order 2) dk rRled vkO;wg (identity matrix) gSA rc os lHkh Øfer ;qXe (ordered pairs) (r, s), ftuds fy,
P2 = –  gS] dh dqy la[;k gS&

Ans. 1
 1 
9. Let a, b Rand a2 + b2 0. Suppose S = z  C : z  , t  R, t  0 , where i = 1 .
 a  ibt 
If z = x + iy and z S then (x, y) lies on [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-2, (4, –2)/62]
1  1 
(A) the circle with radius and centre  ,0  for a > 0 , b  0
2a  2a 
1  1 
(B) the circle with radius – and centre  – 2a ,0  for a < 0, b  0
2a  
(C) the x-axis for a 0, b = 0
(D) the y-axis for a = 0, b  0

ekuk fd a, b R vkSj a2 + b2 0 gSA eku yhft, fd S = z  C : z  

1
, t  R, t  0 , tgk¡ i = 1 .
 a  ibt 
;fn z = x + iy vkSj z S gS rc (x, y) 
vkSj dsanz fcUnq  ,0  gS tc a > 0 , b  0
1 1
(A) ml o‘`Ùk ij gS ftldh f=kT;k
2a  2a 

vkSj dsanz fcUnq  – ,0  gS tc a < 0 , b  0

1 1
(B) ml o`Ùk ij gS ftldh f=kT;k –
2a  2a 
(C) x-v{k ij gS tc a 0, b = 0
(D) y-v{k ij gS tc a = 0, b  0
Ans. (A,C,D)

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Complex Number

10. Let a, b, x and y be real numbers such that a – b = 1 and y  0. If the complex number z = x + iy
 az  b 
satisfies Im   = y, then which of the following is(are) possible value(s) of x ?
 z 1 
[JEE(Advanced) 2017, Paper-1,(4, –2)/61]

Ekkuk fd a, b, x vkSj y bl izdkj dh okLrfod la[;k;sa (real numbers) gSa fd a – b = 1 vkSj y  0 gSA ;fn lfEeJ
az  b 
la[;k (complex number) z = x + iy, Im   =y dks lUrq”"V djrh gS] rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk¼ls½ x dk¼ds½
 z 1 
lEHkkfor eku gS¼gSa½ ?
(A) 1 – 1  y2 (B) – 1– 1  y2 (C) 1 + 1  y2 (D) – 1 + 1  y2
Ans. (B,D)
11. For a non-zero complex number z, let arg(z) denote the principal argument with – < arg(z)  . Then,
which of the following statement(s) is (are) FALSE ?

(A) Arg(–1 –i) = , where i = –1 [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-1,(4, –2)/60]
4

(B) The function f : R  (–, ], defined by f(t) = arg(–1 + it) for all t  R, is continuous at all points
of R, where i = –1

z 
(C) For any two non-zero complex numbers z1 and z2 , arg  1   arg(z1 )  arg(z 2 ) is an integer
 z2 
multiple of 2

(D) For any three given distinct complex numbers z1, z2 and z3, the locus of the point z satisfying
 (z  z1 )(z 2  z3 ) 
the condition arg   = , lies on a straight line.
 (z  z3 )(z 2  z1 ) 

fdlh 'kwU;sÙkj (non-zero) lfEeJ la[;k (complex number) z ds fy,, ekukfd arg(z) blds eq[; dks.kkad
(principal argument) dks n'kkZrk gS] tgk¡ – < arg(z)  rc fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulk (ls) dFku vlR; gS¼gS½?


(A) Arg(–1 –i) = , tgk¡ i = –1
4

(B) Qyu (function) f : R  (–, ], tks lHkh t  R ds fy, f(t) = arg(–1 + it) ds }kjk ifjHkkf"kr gS] R ds lHkh
fcUnqvksa ij larr (continuous) gS] tgk¡ i = –1

z 
(C) fdUgh Hkh nks 'kwU;sÙkj lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1 vkSj z2 ds fy, arg  1   arg(z1 )  arg(z 2 ) , 2dk ,d iw.kk±d
 z2 

xq.kt (Integer multiple) gSA

(D) fdUgh Hkh rhu nh x;h fHkUu (distinct) lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1, z2 vkSj z3 ds fy,, izfrcU/k (condition)
 (z  z1 )(z 2  z3 ) 
arg   = dks larq"V djus okys fcUnq z dk fcUnqiFk (locus) ,d ljy js[kk (straight line)
 (z  z3 )(z 2  z1 ) 

ij fLFkr gSA
Ans. (ABD)

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Complex Number

12. Let s, t, r be non-zero complex numbers and L be the set of solutions z = x + iy (x, y  R, i = –1 ) of
the equation sz + t z + r = 0, where z = x – iy. Then,which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE ?

(A) If L has exactly one element, then |s|  |t|

(B) If |s| = |t|, then L has infinitely many elements [JEE(Advanced) 2018, Paper-2,(4, –2)/60]

(C) The number of elements in L  {z : |z – 1 + i| = 5} is at most 2

(D) If L has more than one element, then L has infinitely many elements

ekuk fd s, t, r 'kwU;sÙkj (non-zero) lfEeJ la[;k;sa (complex numbers) gS vkSj L lehdj.k (equation)
sz + t z + r = 0 ds gyksa (solutions) z = x + iy (x, y  R, i = –1 ) dk leqPp; gS, tgk¡ z = x – iy A rc
fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk (ls) dFku lR; gS (gSa) ?

(A) ;fn L esa Bhd ,d vo;o (element) gS] rc |s|  |t|

(B) ;fn |s| = |t| rc L esa vuUr (infinitely many) vo;o gSa

(C) L  {z : |z – 1 + i| = 5} esa vo;oksa dh vf/kdre la[;k 2 gSa

(D) ;fn L esa ,d ls T;knk vo;o gS] rc L esa vuUr vo;o gS

Ans. (ACD)

13. Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying |z – 2 + i|  5 . If the complex number z0 is such

1  1  4 – z 0 – z0
that is the maximum of the set  : z  s , then the principal argument of is
| z0 – 1| | z – 1|  z 0 – z0  2i

ekuk fd S mu lHkh lfEeJ la[;kvksa (complex numbers) z dk leqPp; (set) gS tks |z – 2 + i|  5 dks larq"V
1  1 
djrh gSA ;fn ,d lfEEJ la[;k z0 ,slh gS ftlls leqPp;  : z  s dk mPPkre (maximum)
| z0 – 1|  | z – 1 | 

4 – z 0 – z0
gS] rc dk eq[; dks.kkad (principal argument) gS
z 0 – z0  2i

 3  
(A) (B) (C) – (D)
4 4 2 2

Ans. (C) [JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-1,/62]

14. That   1 be a cube root of unity. Then the minimum of the set {|a + b + c2|2; a, b, c are distinct
non zero integers} equals ______.

Ekkuk fd   1 ,dd dk ,d ?kuewy (a cube root of unity) gSA rc leqPp; (set)

{|a + b + c2|2; a, b, c fHkUu v'kwU; iw.kk±d (distinct non zero integers)} dk fuezre (minimum) cjkcj
______. [JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-1,/62]

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Complex Number

Ans. (3)
15. Let S be the set of all complex numbers Z satisfying |𝑧2 + 𝑧 + 1| = 1. Then which of the following
statements is/are TRUE ? [JEE(Advanced) 2020, Paper-1,/62]

(A) z  1  1 for allz  S (B) z  2 for allz  S

2 2

(C) z  1  1 for allz  S (D) The set S has exactly four elements.
2 2

Ekkuk fd S mu lHkh lfEeJ la[;kvksa (complex numbers) Z dk leqPPk; (set) gS tks |𝑧2 + 𝑧 + 1| = 1 dks larq"V
djrh gSA rc fUkez eas ls dkSu lk (ls) dFku lgh gS ¼gSa½

(A) LkHkh z  S ds fy;s z  1  1 g S (B) lHkh z  S ds fy;s z  2 g S

2 2

(C) lHkh z  S ds fy;s z  1  1 g S

2 2

(D) leqPp; S es dsoy vkSj dsoy pkj vo;o ( exactly four elements) gSA
Ans. (BC)

16. For a complex number z, let Re(z) denote the real part of z. let S be the set of all complex numbers z
satisfying z4 – |z|4 = 4 iz2, where i =  1 . Then the minimum possible value of |z1 – z2|2. where z1,
z2  S with Re(z1) > 0 and Re(z2) < 0, is …. [JEE(Advanced) 2020, Paper-2,/62]
ekuk fd lfEeJ la[;k (complex number) z ds okLrfod Hkkx (real part) dks Re(z) ls n'kkZrs gSA ekuk fd S mu
lHkh lfEeJ la[;kvksa z dk leqPp; (set) gS tks fd z4 – |z|4 = 4 iz2 dks larq"V djrh gS] tgk¡ i = 1 gSA rc
|z1 – z2|2 dk U;wure laHkkfor eku (minimum possible value), tgk¡ z1, z2  S rFkk Re(z1) > 0 ,oa Re(z2) < 0
gS] gSa&
Ans. 8
17. Let 1 , 2,…….. 10 be positive valued angles (in radian) such that 1 + 2 + …… + 10 = 2. Define the
complex numbers z1  ei1 , zk = zk –1eik for k = 2, 3, ……, 10 , where i  – 1 . Consider the
statements P and Q given below : [JEE(Advanced) 2021, Paper-1,(3, –1)/60]

P : |z2 – z1| + |z3 – z2| + …… + |z10 – z9| + |z1 – z10|  2

Q : |z22 – z12| + |z32 – z22| + …… + |z102 – z92| + |z12 – z102|  4

then,

(A) P is true and Q is false (B) Q is true and P is false

(C) both P and Q are true (D) both P and Q are false

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Complex Number

ekuk 1 , 2,…….. 10 /kukRed eku okys dks.k ¼jsfM;u esa½ gS tcfd 1 + 2 + …… + 10 = 2. k = 2, 3, ……,
10 ds fy, lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1  ei1 , zk = zk –1eik dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,] tgk¡ i  – 1 uhps fn;s x;s dFkuksa P
rFkk Q ij fopkj dhft,: [JEE(Advanced) 2021, Paper-1,(3, –1)/60]

P : |z2 – z1| + |z3 – z2| + …… + |z10 – z9| + |z1 – z10|  2

Q : |z22 – z12| + |z32 – z22| + …… + |z102 – z92| + |z12 – z102|  4

rc

(A) P lgh gS rFkk Q xyr gS (B) Q lgh gS rFkk P xyr gS

(C) P rFkk Q nksuksa lgh gS (D) P rFkk Q nksuksa xyr gS

Ans. (C)

18. For any complex number w = c + id, let arg(w)  (–, ], where i  – 1 . Let  and  be real numbers
z 
such that for all complex numbers z = x + iy satisfying arg   , the ordered pair (x,y) lies on the
 z 4
circle x2 + y2 + 5x – 3y + 4 = 0
Then which of the following statements is(are) TRUE ? [JEE(Advanced) 2021, Paper-1,(4, –2)/60]
fdlh lfEeJ la[;k w = c + id ds fy, ekuk arg(w)  (–, ], tgk¡ i  – 1 ekuk  rFkk okLrfod la[;k,sa gSa
z 
tcfd lHkh lfEeJ la[;kvksa z = x + iy ds fy, arg   dks larq"V djrh gSa] Øfer ;qXe (x,y) o`Ùk
 z 4
x2 + y2 + 5x – 3y + 4 = 0 ij fLFkr gSA
rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk / dkSuls dFku lgh gS/ gS \ [JEE(Advanced) 2021, Paper-1,(4, –2)/60]
(A)  = – 1 (B)  = 4 (C)  = –4 (D)  = 4
Ans. (B,D)

19. Let 𝑧 be a complex number with non-zero imaginary part. If

2  3z  4z 2
[JEE(Advanced) 2022, Paper-1,(4, –2)/60]
2  3z  4z 2

is a real number, then the value of |𝑧|2 is _____________.

Ans. (00.50)

20. Let z denote the complex conjugate of a complex number z and let i   1 . In the set of complex
numbers, the number of distinct roots of the equation
 
z  z 2  i z  z 2 is _____________. [JEE(Advanced) 2022, Paper-1,(4, –2)/60]

Ans. (04.00)

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ADVCN - 7
Complex Number
21. Let z denote the complex conjugate of a complex number z. If z is a non-zero complex number for
which both real and imaginary parts of z   2 are integers, then which of the following is/are
2 1
z
possible value (s) of z ? [JEE(Advanced) 2022, Paper-2,(4, –2)/60]

1 1 1 1
 43  3 205  4  7  33  4  9  65  4  7  13  4
(A)   (B)   (C)   (D)  
 2   4   4   6 
       
Ans. (A)

PART - II : JEE (Main) PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS 10 YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (Main) ¼fiNys 10 o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

1. Let z be a complex number such that |z| + z = 3 + i, (where i =  1 ) then |z| is equal to :

ekuk ,d lfEeJ la[;k z bl izdkj gS fd |z| + z = 3 + i, (tgk¡ i =  1 ), rks |z| cjkcj gS :

[JEE(Main) 2019, (11-01-19),S-2, 120]

34 41
(1) (2) 5/4 (3) 5/3 (4)
3 4

Ans. (3)

2. let and  be the roots of the quadratic equation x2 sin  – x(sin cos + 1) cos  = 0 (0 <  < 45°), and

 ( 1)n 
 < . Then   
n 0
n

n 
is equal to

ekuk f}?kkr lehdj.k x2 sin  – x(sin cos + 1) cos  = 0 (0 <  < 45°), ds ewy rFkk ( < ) gS] rks

 n ( 1)n 
  

n 0   n 
 cjkcj gS :

[JEE(Main) 2019, (11-01-19),S-2,(120]

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
1  cos  1  sin  1  cos  1  sin  1 – cos  1  sin  1  cos  1  sin 

Ans. (3)

z–
3. If (R) is a purely imaginary number and |z| = 2, then a value of  is
z

z–
;fn (R) ,d 'kq) :Ik ls dkYifud la[;k gS rFkk |z| = 2 gS] rks  dk ,d eku gS&
z

[JEE(Main) 2019, (12-01-19),S-1), 120]

1
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) (4) 1
2
Ans. (2)

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ADVCN - 8
Complex Number

4. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers satisfying |z1| = 9 and |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 4. Then the minimum value
of |z1 – z2| is :

ekuk z1 rFkk z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k;sa gS tks |z1| = 9 rFkk |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 4 dks larq"V djrh gS] rks |z1 – z2| dk U;wure
eku gS& [JEE(Main) 2019, (12-01-19),S-2, 120]

(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 2

Ans. (1)

5. If z =
3 i
 
 i  – 1 , then (1 + iz + z5 + iz8)9 is equal to :
2 2

;fn z =
3 i
2 2

 i  –1  rks (1 + iz + z 5 + iz8)9 cjkcj gS:

(1) 0 (2) (–1 + 2i)9 (3) –1 (4) 1

Ans. (3) [JEE(Main) 2019, (08-04-19),S-2 ,120]

6. All the points in the set S  


i
 – i

:   R i 

 
– 1 lie on a :

[JEE(Main) 2019, (09-04-19),S-1, 120]

(1) Straight line whose slope is 1. (2) Circle whose radius is 2.

(3) Circle whose radius is 1. (4) Straight line whose slope is –1.

leqPp;   i
S
  – i


:   R i 

–1  ds lHkh fcUnq ftl ij fLFkr gS] ;g gS&

(1) ,d ljy js[kk ftldh <ky (slope) 1 gSA (2) ,d o`Ùk ftldh f=kT;k 2 gSA
(3) ,d o`Ùk ftldh f=kT;k 1 gSA (4) ,d ljy js[kk ftldh <ky –1 gSA
Ans (3)

5  3z
7. Let z  C be such that z  1, If  = then :
5(1  z)

5  3z
ekuk z  C bl izdkj gS fd z  1, ;fn  = rks
5(1  z)

[JEE(Main) 2019, (09-04-19),S-2, 120]

(1) 4 Im() > 5 (2) 5Re() > 4 (3) 5 Re() > 1 (4) 5 Im () < 1

Ans. (3)

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ADVCN - 9
Complex Number

(1  i)2 2
8. If a > 0 and z = , has magnitude , then z is equal to
ai 5

;fn a > 0 rFkk z = (1  i) , dk ifjek.k (magnitude) 2 , gS] rks z cjkcj gS %

2

ai 5

[JEE(Main) 2019, (10-04-19),S-1, 120]

1 3 1 3 1 3 3 1
(1) – – i (2) + i (3) – i (4) – – i
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Ans. (1)

2z – n
9. Let z C with Im(z) = 10 and it satisfies  2i – 1 for some natural number n. Then
2z  n
[JEE(Main) 2019, (12-04-19),S-2, 120]

(1) n = 20 and Re(z) = 10 (2) n = 20 and Re(z) = –10

(3) n = 40 and Re(z) = 10 (4) n = 40 and Re(z) = –10

2z – n
ekuk z C ftlds fy, Im(z) = 10 rFkk fdlh izkÑr la[;k n ds fy, ;g  2i – 1 dks larq"V djrk gS] rks
2z  n

(1) n = 20 rFkk Re(z) = 10 (2) n = 20 rFkk Re(z) = –10

(3) n = 40 rFkk Re(z) = 10 (4) n = 40 rFkk Re(z) = –10

Ans. (2)

10. The equation |z – i| = |z – 1|, i = – 1 represent :

(1) the line through the origin with slope 1 (2) the line through the origin with slope –1

1
(3) a circle radius (4) a circle of radius 1
2

[JEE(Main) 2019, (12-04-19),S-1, 120]

lehdj.k |z – i| = |z – 1|, i = –1 fuEu esa ls fdldkssa fu:fir djrh gS \

(1) ewyfcUnq ls gksdj tkus okyh js[kk ftldk <ky 1 gSA
(2) ewyfcUnq ls gksdj tkus okyh js[kk ftldk <ky –1 gSA

1
(3) f=kT;k dk ,d o`Ùk gSA
2

(4) f=kT;k 1 dk ,d o`Ùk gSA

Ans. (1)

Reg. & Corp. Office : CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
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ADVCN - 10
Complex Number

–1  i 3 100 100
11. Let  =
2
if a = (1 + )  2k and b =
k 0

k 0
3k
, then a and b are the roots of the quadratic

equation :

–1  i 3 100 100
ekuk  =
2
gSA ;fn a = (1 + )  rFkk
k 0
2k
b= 
k 0
3k
, rks a rFkk b fuEu esa ls fdl f}?kkr lehdj.k ds
ewy gSa \ [JEE(Main) 2020, (08-01-20),S-2, 120]

(1) x2 + 101x + 100 = 0 (2) x2 – 102x + 101 = 0

(3) x2 –101x + 100 = 0 (4) x2 + 102x + 101 = 0

Ans. (2)

z 1 5
12. Let z be a complex number such that = 1 and z  . Then the value of |z + 3i| is :
z  2i 2

z 1 5
ekuk z ,d ,slh lfeJ la[;k gS] fd = 1 gS rFkk z  gS] rks |z + 3i| dk eku gS&
z  2i 2

[JEE(Main) 2020, (09-01-20),S-1, 120]

7 15
(1) 10 (2) 2 3 (3) (4)
2 4
Ans. (3)
3
 2 2 
 1  sin  i cos 
13. The value of  9 9  is : [JEE(Main) 2020, (02-09-20),S-1, 120]
 2 2 
 1  sin  i cos 
 9 9 

3
 2 2 
 1  sin  i cos 
 9 9  dk eku gS&
 2 2 
 1  sin  i cos 
 9 9 

1 1 1 1
(1)  ( 3  i) (2) ( 3  i) (3) (1  i 3 ) (4)  (1  i 3 )
2 2 2 2
Ans. (1)

14. The imaginary part of [JEE(Main) 2020, (02-09-20),S-2, 120]

3  2  – 3 – 2 
1 1
– 54 2 – 54 2 can be

3  2  – 3 – 2 
1 1
– 54 2 – 54 2 dk dkYifud Hkkx gks ldrk gS&

(1) –6 (2) 6 (3) – 2 6 (4) 6

Ans. (3)
Reg. & Corp. Office : CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
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ADVCN - 11
Complex Number


15. If z1, z2 are complex numbers such that Re(z1) = |z1 – 1| and Re(z2) = |z2 – 1| and arg (z1 – z2) = ,
6
then m (z1 + z2) is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2020, (03-09-20),S-2, 120]

;fn z1 rFkk z2 nks ,slh lfEeJ la[;k,¡ gSa] ftuds fy, Re(z1) = |z1 – 1|, Re(z2) = |z2 – 1| rFkk arg (z1 – z2) =

gSa] rks m (z1 + z2) cjkcj gS%
6

3 1 2
(1) 2 3 (2) (3) (4)
2 3 3

Ans. (1)

2z  i
16. Let u = , z = x + iy and k > 0. If the curve represented by Re (u) + m(u) = 1 intersects the y-axis
z – ki
at points P and Q where PQ = 5 then the value of k is

[JEE(Main) 2020, (04-09-20),S-1, 120]

2z  i
ekuk u = , z = x + iy rFkk k > 0 gSaA ;fn Re (u) + m(u) = 1 }kjk fu:fir oØ] y- v{k dks P rFkk Q ij
z – ki
dkVrk gSa] tcfd PQ = 5 gSa] rks k cjkcj gSA

3 1
(1) (2) (3) 4 (4) 2
2 2
Ans. (4)
 1 i 3
17. If a and b are real numbers such that (2 + )4 = a + b, where  = then a + b is equal to :
2
[JEE(Main) 2020, (04-09-20),S-2, 120]
(1) 33 (2) 24 (3) 9 (4) 57
 1 i 3
;fn a rFkk b ,slh okLrfod la[;k,¡ gS fd (2 + )4 = a + bgS, tgk¡ = gS] rks a + b dk eku gSA :
2

(1) 33 (2) 24 (3) 9 (4) 57

Ans. (3)

18. If the four complex numbers z , z , z – 2Re( z) and z – 2Re(z) represent the vertices of a square of side
4 units in the Argand plane, then |z| is equal to :

[JEE(Main) 2020, (05-09-20),S-1, 120]

(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) 4 2 (4) 2 2

;fn vkx±M ry esa] pkj lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z , z , z – 2Re( z) rFkk z – 2Re(z), 4 bdkbZ Hkqtk ds ,d oxZ ds 'kh"kks± dks
fu:fir djrs gSa] rks |z| cjkcj gS&

(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) 4 2 (4) 2 2

Ans. (4)

Reg. & Corp. Office : CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
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ADVCN - 12
Complex Number

19. Let i =  1 . If
( 1  i 3 )21

1 i 3  21
= k, and n= [|k|] be the greatest integral part of |k|.
(1  i)24 1  i24
n 5 n5
Then ( j  5)  ( j  5) is equal to_________.
j 0
2

j 0

[JEE(Main) 2020, (24-02-21),S-2, 100]

ekuk i = 1 gSA ;fn

( 1  i 3 )21

1 i 3 21
= k gS] rFkk n = [|k|], |k|dl egÙke iw.kkZd Hkkx gS] rks
(1  i) 24
1  i24
n 5 n 5

( j  5)  ( j  5) cjkcj gS_________A
j 0
2

j 0

Ans. (310)
20. Let the lines (2 – i)z = (2 +i) z and (2 + i)z + (i – 2) z – 4i = 0, (here i2 = – 1) be normal to a circle C. If
the line iz + z + 1 + i = 0 is tangent to this circle C, then its radius is :
[JEE(Main) 2020, (25-02-21),S-1, 100]

Ekkuk js[kk,sa (2 – i)z = (2 +i) z rFkk (2 + i)z + (i – 2) z – 4i = 0 (;gk¡ i2 = – 1) ,d o``Ùk C ij vfHkyEc gSaA ;fn
js[kk iz + z + 1 + i = 0 ] o``Ùk C dh Li'kZ js[kk gS] rks bldh f=kT;k gS %
1 3 3
(1) (2) (3) 3 2 (4)
2 2 2 2 2

Ans. (2)

 | z | 11 
Let a complex number z, |z| 1, satisfy log 1    2 . Then the largest value of |z| is equal to
2 
2  | z | 1 
21.

 | z | 11 
ekuk ,d lfEeJk la[;k z, |z| 1, log 1    2 dks larq"V djrh gSA rks |z| dk vf/kdre eku cjkcj gS&
2 
2  | z | 1 

[JEE(Main) 2020, (16-03-21),S-1, 100]

(1) 5 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 7
Ans. (4)

22. If the equation a|z|2 + z   z + d = 0 represents a circle where a, d are real constants, then which of
the following condition is correct? [JEE(Main) 2020, (18-03-21),S-1, 100]

;fn lehdj.k a|z|2 + z  z + d = 0 ,d o``Ùk dks fu:fir djrk gS] tgk¡ a, d okLrfod vpj gS rks fuEu esa ls
dkSu lk lR; gS\
(1) | |2 – ad > 0 and a  R – {0} (2) | |2 – ad  0 and a  R

(3) | |2 – ad  0 (4)  = 0, a, d  R+

Ans. (1)

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ADVCN - 13
Complex Number

23. Let z1, z2 be the roots of the equation z2 + az + 12 = 0 and z1, z2 form an equilateral triangle with origin.
Then, the value of a is _________. [JEE(Main) 2020, (18-03-21),S-1, 100]

ekuk lehdj.k z2 + az + 12 = 0 ds ewy z1 rFkk z2 gS rFkk ewyfcaUnq ds LkkFk z1, z2 ,d leckgq f=kHkqt cukrs gSA rks
a dk eku gS _________.

Ans. 06.00

24. Let a complex number be w  1  3 i . Let another complex number z be such that |zw| = 1 and arg(z) –

arg(w) = . Then the area of the triangle with vertices origin, z and w is equal to:
2
[JEE(Main) 2020, (18-03-21),S-2, 100]

ekuk ,d lfEeJ la[;k w  1  3 i gSA ekuk ,d vU; lfEeJ la[;k z bl izdkj gS fd |zw| = 1 rFkk arg(z) – arg(w) = gSaA
2
rks ewyfcanq z rFkk w 'kh"kksZ ds f=kHkqt dk {ks=kQy gS%
1 1
(1) 4 (2) (3) (4) 2
2 4
Ans. (2)

3  1 – 2 z 
25. If z and  are two complex numbers such that |z| = 1, arg(z) – arg() = , then arg   , is :
2  1  3 z 
(Here arg (z) denotes the principal argument of complex number z)

[JEE(Main) 2021, (20-07-21),S-1, 100]

3  1 – 2 z 
;fn z rFkk nks lfEeJ la[;k,sa gS ftuds fy, |z| = 1, arg(z) – arg() = gSa] rks arg   cjkcj gS %
2  1  3 z 

(tgk¡ arg (z) lfEeJ la[;k z ds eq[; dks.kkad dks n'kkZrk gS)
 3 3 
(1) – (2) (3) – (4)
4 4 4 4
Ans. (3)

26. Let n denote the number of solutions of the equation z2 + 3z = 0 , where z is a complex number. Then



1
value of is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2021, (22-07-21),S-2, 100]
k 0 nk


1
ekuk lfEeJ la[;k z ds fy, lehdj.k z2 + 3z = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k n gSA rks dk eku cjkcj gS%
k 0 nk

3 4
(1) (2) 2 (3) 1 (4)
2 3
Ans. (4)

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ADVCN - 14
Complex Number

27. The equation of a circle is Re(z2) + 2(Im(z))2 + 2Re(z) = 0, where z = x + iy. A line which passes
through the center of the given circle and the vertex of the parabola, x 2 – 6x – y + 13 = 0, has y-
intercept equal to _________ . [JEE(Main) 2021, (25-07-21),S-2, 100]

,d o`Ùk dk lehdj.k Re(z2) + 2(Im(z))2 + 2Re(z) = 0 gS, tcfd z = x + iy gS] rks ,d js[kk] tks bl o`Ùk ds dsUnz
ls rFkk ijoy; x2 – 6x – y + 13 = 0 ds 'kh"kZ ls gksdj tkrh gS] dk y-v{k ij vUr% [kaM gS _________ A
Ans. (1)

28. Let C be the set of all complex numbers. Let

S1 = {z  C : |z – 2|  1} and

S2 = {z  C : z (1 + i) + z (1 – i)  4}
2

Then, the maximum value of z – 5 for z  S1  S2 is equal to

2

[JEE(Main) 2021, (27-07-21),S-2, 100]

ekuk lHkh lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk leqPp; C gSA

S1 = {z  C : |z – 2|  1} rFkk

S2 = {z  C : z (1 + i) + z (1 – i)  4} gSA rks
2
5
z  S1  S2 ds fy,] z– dk vf/kdre eku cjkcj gSA
2

32 2 32 2 52 2 52 2

(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 2 4 4

Ans. (4)

z  1 
29. The equation arg    represents a circle with :
 z  1 4

[JEE(Main) 2021, (26-08-21),S-1, 100]

(1) centre at (0, 0) and radius 2 (2) centre at (0, 1) and radius 2

(3) centre at (0, –1) and radius 2 (4) centre at (0, 1) and radius 2

 z  1 
lehdj.k arg   ,d o`Ùk dks fu:fir djrk gS ftldk :
 z  1 4

(1) dsUnz (0, 0) gS rFkk f=kT;k 2 gS (2) dsUnz (0, 1) gS rFkk f=kT;k 2 gS

(3) dsUnz (0, –1) gS rFkk f=kT;k 2 gS (4) dsUnz (0, 1) gS rFkk f=kT;k 2 gS

Ans. (2)

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Complex Number
3 3 3 3
1 i 3  1  2 1   3 1   21 1 
30. Let z = ,i   1 . Then the value of 21  z     z  2    z  3   .....   z  21  is
2  z  z   z   z 

[JEE(Main) 2021, (26-08-21),S-1, 100]

3 3 3 3
1 i 3  1  1  3 1  1 
 1 gSaA rks 21  z     z     z  3   .....   z 21  21  dk eku cjkcj
2
ekuk z = ,i  2
2  z  z   z   z 
gS…….. A
Ans. 13

( 2i)n
31. The least positive integer n such that ,i   1 , is a positive integer, is _______.
(1  i)n  2

[JEE(Main) 2021, (26-08-21),S-2, 100]

( 2i)n
fuEure /kukRed iw.kkZd n, ftlds fy, ,i  1, ,d /ukRed iw.kkZd gs] gS _______.
(1  i)n  2

Ans. (6)

a1 a 2 a 3
2r 2r
32. If ar = cos + i sin , r = 1,2,3,….i =  1 , then the determinant a 4 a 5 a 6 is equal to :
9 9
a7 a8 a9

[JEE(Main) 2021, (31-08-21),S-1, 100]

a1 a 2 a 3
2r 2r
;fn ar = cos + i sin , r = 1,2,3,….i = 1 , rks lkjf.kd a 4 a 5 a 6 cjkcj gS%
9 9
a7 a8 a9

(1) a2a6 – a4a8 (2) a1a9 – a3a7

(3) a9 (4) a5

Ans. (2)

z–i
33. If z is a complex number such that is purely imaginary, then the minimum value of |z –(3 + 3i)| is
z –1
[JEE(Main) 2021, (31-08-21),S-2, 100]

z–i
ekuk z ,d lfEeJ la[;k gS] ftlds fy, iw.kZ :i ls dkYifud gS] rks |z –(3 + 3i)| dk fuEure eku gS&
z –1

(1) 2 2 (2) 6 2 (3) 2 2 – 1 (4) 3 2

Ans. (1)

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Complex Number

34. Let a circle C in complex plane pass through the points z1 = 3 + 4i, z2 = 4 + 3i and z3 = 5i. If z(  z1) is a
point on C such that the line through z and z1 is perpendicular to the line through z2 and z3, then arg(z)
is equal to: [JEE(Main) 2022, (25-06-22),S-1, 100]

ekuk lfEeJ lery es ,d o`Ùk C fcUnqvksa z1 = 3 + 4i, z2 = 4 + 3i rFkk z3 = 5i ls gksdj tkrk gSaA ;fn o`Ùk C ij
,d fcUnq z(  z1) bl izdkj gSa fd z rFkk z1 ls gksdj tkus okyh js[kk] z2 rFkk z3 ls gksdj tkus okyh js[kk ds
yacor gSa] rks arg(z) cjkcj gS%

1 2   24 
(1) tan   (4) tan 1    
3
 (2) tan 1  (3) tan–1(3) –  
 5  7  4

Ans. (2)

 z 1    z  1  2 
35. Let A  z  C :  1 and B  z  C : arg    . Then A B is :
 z 1    z  1 3 

[JEE(Main) 2022, (26-06-22),S-1, 100]

 1 
(1) a portion of a circle centred at  0,   that lies in the second and third quadrants only
 3

 1 
(2) a portion of a circle centred at  0,   that lies in the second quadrant only
 3

(3) an empty set

2
(4) a portion of a circle of radius that lies in the third quadrant only.
3

 z 1    z  1  2 
ekuk A  z  C :  1 rFkk B  z  C : arg    gS] rks A B :
 z 1    z  1 3 

 1 
(1) dsUnz  0,   ds ,d o``Ùk dk ,d Hkkx gS] tks dsoy nwljs rFkk rhljs prqFkkZ'k esa gS
 3

 1 
(2) dsUnz  0,   ds ,d o``Ùk dk ,d Hkkx gS] tks dsoy nwljs prqFkkZ'k esa gS
 3

(3) ,d fjDr leqPp; gS

2
(4) f=kT;k ds ,d o``Ùk dk ,d Hkkx gS] tks dsoy rhljs prqFkkZ'k esa gS
3

Ans. (2)

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Complex Number

36. The number of points of intersection of |z – (4 + 3i) = 2 and |z| + |z – 4| = 6, z  C, is

|z – (4 + 3i) = 2 rFkk |z| + |z – 4| = 6, z C, ds izfrPNsnu fcUnqvksa dh la[;k gS&

[JEE(Main) 2022, (27-06-22),S-2, 100]
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
Ans. (3)
37. The number of elements in the set {z = a + ib  C : a, b  Z and 1 < |z – 3 + 2i| < 4} is _____

leqPp; {z = a + ib  C : a, b  Z rFkk 1 < |z – 3 + 2i| < 4 gS} esa vo;oksa dh la[;k gS _____
Ans. (40) [JEE(Main) 2022, (28-06-22),S-1, 100]

38. Let arg(z) represent the principal argument of the complex number z. Then, |z| = 3 and


arg(z–1) –arg(z + 1) = intersect [JEE(Main) 2022, (29-06-22),S-2, 100]
4
(1) exactly at one point. (2) exactly at two points.
(3) nowhere. (4) at infinitely many points.


ekuk arg(z) lfEeJ la[;k z ds eq[; vk;ke dks fu:fir djrk gSaA rks |z| = 3 rFkk arg(z–1) –arg(z + 1) =
4

(1) ek=k ,d fcanq ij dkVrs gSaA (2) ek=k nks fcanqvksa ij dkVrs gSaA
(3) fdlh Hkh fcanq ij ugha dkVrsA (4) vla[; fcanqvksa ij dkVrs gSAa
Ans. (3)
39. If , , ,  are roots of the equation x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0, then the value of

2021 + 2021 + 2021 + 2021 is equal to [JEE(Main) 2022, (25-07-22),S-1, 100]

;fn lehdj.k x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0 ds ewy , , ,  gS rks 2021 + 2021 + 2021 + 2021 cjkcj gS &
(1) –4 (2) –1 (3) 1 (4) 4
Ans. (2)

 n  1
40. For n  N, let Sn = z  C :| z – 3  2i |   and Tn = z  C :| z – 2  3 i |   , Then the number of
 4  n
elements in the set {n  N : Sn  Tn = is [JEE(Main) 2022, (25-07-22),S-1, 100]

 n  1
n  N ds fy, ekuk Sn = z  C :| z – 3  2i |   rFkk Tn = z  C :| z – 2  3 i |   gSaA rks leqPp;
 4  n

{n  N : Sn  Tn =  esa vo;oksa dh la[;k gS &

(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
Ans. (Bonus)

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Complex Number

41. Let O be the origin and A be the point Z1 = 1 + 2i. If B is the point Z2, Re(z2) < 0, such that OAB is a
right angled isosceles triangle with OB as hypotenuse, then which of the following is NOT true?

4
(1) arg z2 = – tan–13 (2) arg (z1 –2z2) = –tan–1
3

(3) |z2| = 10 (4) |2z1– z2| = 5

ekuk O ewy fcanq gS rFkk A, fcanq Z1 = 1 + 2i gSA ;fn B, fcanq Z2 Re(z2) < 0, gS rFkk OAB ,d lef}ckgq ledks.k
f=kHkqt gS] ftldk fod.kZ OB gS] rks fuEu es ls dkSu lk dFku lR; ugha gS ?
[JEE(Main) 2022, (26-07-22),S-1, 100]
4
(1) arg z2 = – tan–13 (2) arg (z1 –2z2) – tan–1
3

(3) |z2| = 10 (4) |2z1– z2| = 5

Ans. (4)
2 2 2
42. Let the minimum value V0 of v  z  z  3  z  6i , z  C is attained at z  z 0 .Then

2
2
2z 02 – z0  3
3
+ v 0 is equal to [JEE(Main) 2022, (27-07-22),S-1, 100]

(1) 1000 (2) 1024 (3) 1105 (4) 1196

2 2 2
ekuk v  z  z  3  z  6i , z  C dk U;wure eku z  z 0 . ij izkIr gksrk gSA rks
2
2
2z 02 – z0  3
3
+ v0 cjkcj gS [JEE(Main) 2022, (27-07-22),S-1, 100]

(1) 1000 (2) 1024 (3) 1105 (4) 1196

Ans. (1)

1  i sin 
43. Let S be the set of all (),  <  < 2, for which the complex number is purely imaginary
1  2i sin 
1  i cos
and is purely real. Let Z = sin 2 + I cos 2, ()  S.
1  2i cos

 
Then  i Z  1
 
( , )S
Z
 is equal to:

[JEE(Main) 2022, (27-07-22),S-2, 100]


1  i sin 
ekuk lHkh (),  <  < 2 ftuds fy, lfEeJ la[;k fo'kq) dkYifud rFkk 1  i cos fo'kq)
1  2i sin  1  2i cos

 
okLrfod gS] dk leqPp; S gSA ekuk Z = sin 2 + I cos 2, ()  S gSaA rks  i Z  1
 
( , )S
Z
 cjkcj

gS %


(1) 3 (2) 3i (3) 1 (4) 2 – i

Ans. (3)

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Complex Number

44.
 1
Let S1 = z1  C : z1  3   and  
S2  z2  C : z2 – z2  1  z2  z2 – 1 . Then, for z1 S1 and z2
 2 
S2, the least value of | z 2  z1 | is :

ekuk S1 =  1
z1  C : z1  3    
rFkk S2  z2  C : z2 – z2  1  z2  z2 – 1 gSaA rks z1 S1 rFkk z2 S2 ds
 2 
fy, | z 2  z1 | dk fuEure eku gS & [JEE(Main) 2022, (28-07-22),S-1, 100]

1 3 5
(1) 0 (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2

Ans. (3)

45. Let z = a + ib, b  0 be complex number satisfying z2 = z 21–z. Then the least value of n  N. such that

zn = (z + 1)n, is equal to ______.

ekuk lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z =a + ib, b  0 lehdj.k z2 = z 2–|z| dks larq"V djrh gSaA rks n N dk fuEure eku] ftlds
fy, zn = (z + 1)n gSa] cjkcj gS & [JEE(Main) 2022, (28-07-22),S-2, 100]

Ans. (6)

46. Let S = {z = x + iy : |z – l + i|  |z|, |z| < 2, |z + i| = |z – 1|}. Then the set of all values of x, for which
w = 2x + iy  S for some y  R, is [JEE(Main) 2022, (29-07-22),S-2, 100]

Ekkuk S = {z = x + iy : |z – l + i|  |z|, |z| < 2, |z + i| = |z – 1|} gSA rks x ds mu lHkh ekuksa] ftuds fy, fdlh
y  R ds fy, w = 2x + iy  S gS] dk leqPp; gSA

 1   1 1  1  1 1 
(1)  2,  (2)  – ,  (3)  – 2,  (4)  – , 
 2 2  2 4  2   2 2 2

Ans. (2)

47. 
Let z1 = 2 + 3i and z2 = 3 + 4i. The set S  z  C :| z  z1 |2  | z  z2 |2 | z1  z2 |2 represents a 
[JEE(Main) 2023, (25-01-23),S-1, 100]

(1) straight line with the sum of its intercepts on the coordinate axes equals –18

(2) hyperbola with eccentricity 2

(3) hyperbola with the length of the transverse axis 7

(4) straight line with the sum of its intercepts on the coordinate axes equal to 14

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Complex Number

ekuk z1 = 2 + 3i rFkk z2 = 3 + 4i gSaA rks leqPp; S  z  C :| z  z1 |2  | z  z2 |2 | z1  z2 |2  fdl dks

fu:ifr djrk gS\

(1) ,d ljy js[kk ftlds funsZ'kkad v{kksa ij var%[kaMksa dk ;ksx 18 gS

(2) ,d vfrijoy; ftldh mRdsUnzrk 2 gS

(3) vfrijoy; ftlds vuqizLFk v{k dh yEckbZ 7 gS

(4) ,d ljy js[kk ftlds funsZ'kkad v{kksa ij var%[kaMksa dk ;ksx 14 gS

Ans. (4)

48. For two non-zero complex numbers z1 and z 2 , if Re ( z1 z 2 )  0 and Re ( z1  z 2 )  0, then which of the
following are possible ? [JEE(Main) 2023, (29-01-23),S-1, 100]

A. Im ( z1 )  0 and Im ( z 2 )  0

B. Im ( z1 )  0 and Im ( z 2 )  0

C. Im ( z1 )  0 and Im ( z 2 )  0

D. Im ( z1 )  0 and Im ( z 2 )  0

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

z1 o z 2 nks 'kwU;srj lfEEkJ laf{kIRk la[;k,s gS];fn Re ( z1 z 2 )  0 vkSj Re ( z1  z 2 )  0 gS] rc

A. Im ( z1 )  0 ,oa Im ( z 2 )  0
B. Im ( z1 )  0 ,oa Im ( z 2 )  0
C. Im ( z1 )  0 ,oa Im ( z 2 )  0
D. Im ( z1)  0 ,oa Im ( z 2 )  0

uhps fn;s x;s fodYiksa ls lgh mrj pqfu,

B vkSj C
B vkSj D
A vkSj B
A vkSj C
(1) A vkSj B (2) B vkSj C (3) B vkSj D (4) A vkSj C

(1) A and B (2) B and C (3) B and D (4) A and C

NTA Ans. (2)

Reso Ans. (2)

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Complex Number

 z  a z 
49. Let  = 8 – 14i, A  z  c :  1  and B = { z  C: |z +3i| = 4}.
 z 2  z   112i 
2

The  Re z  Im z  is equal to …………. . [JEE(Main) 2023, (29-01-23),S-2, 100]

:z A B

 z  a z 
ekuk  = 8 – 14i, A  z  c :  1  rFkk B = [ z  C: |z +3i| = 4] gSA rks
 z 2  z   112i 
2

 Re z  Im z  cjkcj--------------------gSA
:z A B

Ans. (14)

1  ai
50. Let a, b be two real numbers such that ab < 0. If the complex number is unit modulus and a + ib
bi
1 [a]
lies on the circle |z – 1| = |2z|, then a possible value of , where [t] is greatest integer function, is
4b
[JEE(Main) 2023, (01-02-23),S-2, 100]
1  ai
ekuk a, b nks okLrfod la[;k,a gS ftuds fy, ab < 0 gSA ;fn lfEeJ bdkbZ ekid dh gS rFkk a + ib o`Ùk
bi
1 [a]
|z – 1| = |2z| ij gS rks , tgk¡ [t] egÙke iw.kk±d Qyu gS] dk ,d laHko eku gS&
4b
1 1
(1) (2) – (3) 1 (4) –1
2 2
NTA. (Bouns)

Reso. (Bouns)

1. If | z |2 A z2  Az2  Bz  Bz  c  0 represents a pair of intersecting lines with angle of

intersection ‘’ then find the value of |A|

;fn | z |2 A z2  Az2  Bz  Bz  c  0 izfrPNsnh js[kk;qXe dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ftuds e/; dks.k ‘’ gS] rks |A|
dk eku gS&
sec 
Ans.
2

2. If z1, z2, z3 be three complex number such that

z12 z2 z2
|z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 and  2  3 +1=0
z2 z3 z1z3 z1z2
then sum of all the possible values of |z1 + z2 + z3|
;fn z1, z2, z3 rhu lfEeJ la[;k,a bl izdkj gS fd
z12 z2 z2
|z1| = |z2| = |z3| = 1 vkSj  2  3 +1=0
z2 z3 z1z3 z1z2
rc |z1 + z2 + z3| ds lHkh laHkkfor ekuksa dk ;ksxQy gS&

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Complex Number

Ans. 3

3. Let z1 & z2 be any two arbitrary complex numbers then prove that
;fn z1 o z2 dksbZ nks LosPN lfEeJ la[;k,¡ gks] rks fl) dhft, fd

z 
z1 z 1 z1 z
(i) |z1 + z2| = | z2 |  2 | z1 | (ii) z1 + z2  1  z2  2 .
| z1 | | z2 | 2 z1 z2

4. Prove that
z
(i)  1  | arg z|. (ii) |z – 1|  ||z| – 1| + |z| |arg z|.
|z|
fl) dhft, fd &
z
(i)  1  |dks.kkad z|. (ii) |z – 1|  ||z| – 1| + |z| | dks.kkad z|.
|z|
5. If z  1  z  3  8 then find the range of values of z  4 .
;fn z  1  z  3  8 rks z  4 ds ekuksa dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A
Ans. [1, 9]

6. Show that all the roots of the equation a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 3, where |ai|  1, i = 1, 2, 3, 4 lie outside
the circle with centre origin and radius 2/3.
iznf'kZr dhft, fd lehdj.k a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 3 ds lHkh ewy tgk¡ |ai|  1, i = 1, 2, 3, 4 ml o`Ùk ds ckgj
fLFkr gS] ftldk dsUnz ewyfcUnq rFkk f=kT;k 2/3 gSA

7. Consider the locus of the complex number z in the Argand plane is given by Re(z) –2 = |z – 7 + 2i|. Let
P(z1) and Q (z2) be two complex number satisfying the given locus and also satisfying
 z - (2 + i)  
arg  1  = (  R) then find the minimum value of PQ
 z 2 - (2 + i)  2
ekuk vkxZ.M lery ij fdlh lfEeJ la[;k z dk fcUnqiFk Re(z) –2 = |z – 7 + 2i| }kjk fn;k tkrk gSA ekuk P(z1)
 z - (2 + i)  
,oa Q (z2) bl fcUnqiFk dks larq"V djus okyh nks la[;k,a gS rFkk arg  1  = (  R) dks Hkh larq"V djrh
 z 2 - (2 + i)  2
gS rks PQ dk U;wure eku gksxk&
Ans. 10
z  z1
8. Find the mirror image of the curve = a, a  R+ a  1 about the line |z – z1| = |z – z2|.
z  z2
z  z2
Ans. =a
z  z1
z  z1
oØ = a, a  R+ a  1 dk js[kk |z – z1| = |z – z2| ds lkis{k niZ.k izfrfcEc Kkr dhft,A
z  z2
z  
9. If z1 and z2 are the two complex numbers satisfying |z – 3 – 4i| = 8 and Arg  1  then find the
 z2  2
range of the values of |z1 – z2|.
 z1  
;fn z1 rFkk z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,a gS tks |z – 3 – 4i| = 8 dks lUrq"V djrh rFkk Arg   rks |z1 – z2| dk
 z2  2
ifjlj Kkr dhft,A
Ans.  103 – 5, 103  5 
 
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Complex Number

p q r
10. If q r p = 0; where p, q, r are the modulus of non-zero complex numbers u, v, w respectively,
r p q
2
w  w u
prove that, arg = arg   .
v  v u 
p q r
;fn q r p = 0, tgk¡ v'kwU; lfEeJ la[;kvks u, v, w ds ekaikd Øe'k% p, q, r gSA
r p q
2
w  w u
fl) dhft, fd dks.kkad = dks.kkad   .
v  v u 
 z  iz1 
11. If |z2 + iz1| = |z1| + |z2| and |z1| = 3 & |z2| = 4, if affix of A, B, C are z1, z2,  2  respectively. Then
 1 i 
find the area of ABC
 z  iz 
;fn |z2 + iz1| = |z1| + |z2| vkSj |z1| = 3 & |z2| = 4, rc A, B, C ds 'kh"kZ Øe'k% z1, z2 vkSj  2 1  gS rks ABC
 1 i 
dk {ks=kQy Kkr dhft,A
25
Ans.
4

12. Find the locus of mid-point of line segment intercepted between real and imaginary axes, by the line
az  az  b  0 , where ‘b’ is real parameter and ‘a’ is a fixed complex number such that Re(a)  0, 
m(a)  0.
js[kk az  az  b  0 }kjk okLrfod ,oa dkYifud v{kksa ds e/; dVs gq, Hkkx ds e/; fcUnq dk fcUnqiFk Kkr
dhft;sA tgka ‘b’ ,d okLrfod izkpy gS vkSj ‘a’ ,d fu;r lfEeJ la[;k bl izdkj gS fd Re(a)  0,m(a)  0.
Ans. az  az  0

13. Given z1 + z2 + z3 = A, z1 + z2  + z3 2 = B, z1 + z2 2 + z3  = C, where  is cube root of unity,

(a) express z1, z2, z3 in terms of A, B, C.
(b) prove that, |A|2 + |B|2 + |C|2 = 3 z
1
2
 z2
2
 z3
2
.
(c) prove that A3 + B3 + C3 – 3ABC = 27z1 z2 z3
fn;k x;k gS z1 + z2 + z3 = A, z1 + z2  + z3 2 = B, z1 + z2 2 + z3  = C, tgk¡  bdkbZ dk ?kuewy gS] rks
(a) z1, z2, z3 dks A, B, C ds inksa esa O;Dr dhft,A
(b) fl) dhft,, A
2
+ B
2
+ C
2
=3 z 1
2
 z2
2
 z3
2
.
(c) fl) dhft,] A3 + B3 + C3 – 3ABC = 27z1 z2 z3
A BC A  B 2  C  A  B   C 2
Ans. (a) z1 = , z2 = , z3 =
3 3 3
n 1
14. If w  1 is nth root of unity, then find the value of 
k  0
| z1  w k z2 |2

n 1
;fn w  1 bdkbZ dk noka ewy gS] rks 
k  0
| z1  w k z2 |2 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. n(|z1|2 + |z2|2)

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Complex Number

a b c
15. Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers such that = = = k, (a, b, c  1). Find the value
1 b 1 c 1 a
of k.
a b c
ekukfd a, b, c fHkUu&fHkUu lfEeJ la[;k,sa bl izdkj gS fd = = = k, (a, b, c  1).
1 b 1 c 1 a
rc k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. –  or (;k) – 2

2 i 20
16. If  = e 7
and f(x) = A0 + A x
k 1
k
k
, then find the value of,

f(x) + f(x) + ..... + f(6x) independent of .

2 i 20
;fn  = e 7 rFkk f(x) = A0 + A x
k 1
k
k
, rks f(x) + f(x) + ..... + f(6x), dk  ls Lora=k eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 7 A0 + 7A7 x7 + 7A14x14

2 2
17. Given, z = cos + i sin , ‘n’ a positive integer, find the equation whose roots are,
2n  1 2n  1
 = z + z3 + ...... + z2n – 1 and  = z2 + z4 + ..... + z2n.
2 2
fn;k x;k gS, z = cos + i sin , ‘n’ /kukRed iw.kkZad gS] rks lehdj.k Kkr dhft,] ftlds ewy
2n  1 2n  1
 = z + z3 + ...... + z2n – 1 rFkk  = z2 + z4 + ..... + z2n gSA
sin2 n 2
Ans. z2 + z + = 0, where  =
sin  2 2n  1
 2 k 2k  1
18. Proof that fl) dhft, (i) sin sin ........sin 
2k  1 2k  1 2k  1 2k
 2 k 1
(ii) cos
cos ........cos 
2k  1 2k  1 2k  1 2k
19. The points represented by the complex numbers a, b, c lie on a circle with centre O and radius r. The
a1  b1  2c 1
tangent at c cuts the chord joining the points a, b at z. Show that z =
a1b1  c 2
lfEeJ la[;kvksa a, b, c }kjk fu:fir fcUnq] o`Ùk ftldk dsUnz O rFkk f=kT;k r gS] ij fLFkr gSA fcUnq c ij [khaph xbZ
a1  b1  2c 1
Li'kZ js[kk fcUnqvksa a, b dks feykus okyh thok dks z ij dkVrh gS] rks iznf'kZr dhft, z =
a1b1  c 2

20. Show that for the given complex numbers z1 and z2 and for a real constant c the equation
(z1  z 2 )z  (z1   z2 )z  c  0
represents a family of concurrent lines and and also find the fixed point of the family.
(where  is a real parameter)
n'kkZb;s fd nh x;h lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1 vkSj z2 vkSj ,d okLrfod fu;rkad c ds fy, ,d laxkeh js[kkvksa ds fudk;
dks lehdj.k (z1  z2 )z  (z1   z2 )z  c  0 fu:fir djrk gS rFkk bl fudk; ds laxkeh fcUnq dks Kkr dhft,A
(tgk¡  okLrfod izkapy gS)
cz2
Ans. z
z1z2  z2 z1

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