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Thermocouples

This document provides information about thermocouples. It defines a thermocouple as a temperature measuring device that uses two different metals welded together to create a junction where temperature is measured. When heat is applied to the junction, it induces a voltage due to the Seebeck effect. The working principle relies on the Seebeck, Peltier, and Thompson effects. Thermocouples have advantages of being cheap and having a fast response time but disadvantages of low accuracy and difficulty recalibrating.

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45 views12 pages

Thermocouples

This document provides information about thermocouples. It defines a thermocouple as a temperature measuring device that uses two different metals welded together to create a junction where temperature is measured. When heat is applied to the junction, it induces a voltage due to the Seebeck effect. The working principle relies on the Seebeck, Peltier, and Thompson effects. Thermocouples have advantages of being cheap and having a fast response time but disadvantages of low accuracy and difficulty recalibrating.

Uploaded by

bhaskaratarun239b
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

BY
D ADINARAYANA NAIK
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
EEE DEPARTMENT
UCEN-JNTUK
 UNIT IV: Transducers Definition - Classification - Resistive - Inductive and
Capacitive Transducer - LVDT - Strain Gauge - Thermistors -
Thermocouples - Piezo electric and Photo Diode Transducers - Hall effect
sensors Numerical Problems.
Thermocouple
 The thermocouple is a temperature measuring device.
 It uses for measuring the temperature at one particular point.
 In other words, it is a type of sensor used for measuring the temperature in the
form of an electric current or the EMF.
 The thermocouple consists two wires of different metals which are welded
together at the ends.
 The welded portion was creating the junction
where the temperature is used to be measured.
 The variation in temperature of the wire
induces the voltages.
Working Principle of Thermocouple
 The working principle of the thermocouple depends on
the three effects.
 See back Effect – The See back effect occurs between
two different metals. When the heat provides to any
one of the metal, the electrons start flowing from hot
metal to cold metal. Thus, direct current induces in the
circuit.
 In short, it is a phenomenon in which the temperature
difference between the two different metals induces the
potential differences between them. The See beck
effect produces small voltages for per Kelvin of
temperature.
 Peltier Effect – The Peltier effect is the inverse of the Seebeck effect. The
Peltier effect state that the temperature difference can be created between any
two different conductors by applying the potential difference between them.
 Thompson Effect – The Thompson effect state that when two dissimilar
metals join together and if they create two junctions then the voltage induces
the entire length of the conductor because of the temperature gradient. The
temperature gradient is a physical term which shows the direction and rate of
change of temperature at a particular location.
Construction of Thermocouple
 The thermocouple consists two dissimilar metals. These metals are welded
together at the junction point. This junction considers as the measuring
point. The junction point categorises into three types.
 Ungrounded Junction – In
ungrounded junction, the conductors
are entirely isolated from the
protective sheath. It is used for high-
pressure application works. The major
advantage of using such type of
junction is that it reduces the effect of
the stray magnetic field.
 Grounded Junction – In such type of junction the metals and protective
sheath are welded together. The grounded junction use for measuring the
temperature in the corrosive environment. This junction provides
resistance to the noise.
 Exposed Junction – Such type of junction uses in the places where fast
response requires. The exposed junction is used for measuring the
temperature of the gas.
 The material uses for making the thermocouple depends on the measuring
range of temperature.
Working of Thermocouple
 The circuit of the thermocouple is shown
in the figure below. The circuit consists
two dissimilar metals. These metals are
joined together in such a manner that they
are creating two junctions. The metals are
bounded to the junction through welding.

 Let the P and Q are the two junctions of the thermocouples. The T1 and T2 are
the temperatures at the junctions. As the temperature of the junctions is
different from each other, the EMF generates in the circuit.
 If the temperature at the junction becomes equal, the equal and opposite EMF
generates in the circuit, and the zero current flows through it.
 If the temperatures of the junction become
unequal, the potential difference induces
in the circuit. The magnitude of the EMF
induces in the circuit depends on the types
of material used for making the
thermocouple. The total current flowing
through the circuit is measured through
the measuring devices.
Advantages of Thermocouple
The following are the advantages of the thermocouples.
 The thermocouple is cheaper than the other temperature
measuring devices.
 The thermocouple has the fast response time.
 It has a wide temperature range
Disadvantages of the Thermocouples
 The thermocouple has low accuracy.
 The recalibration of the thermocouple is difficult.

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