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Chapter 1

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20 views15 pages

Chapter 1

Uploaded by

yousef.abdelazim11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

This PowerPoint is only a reading GUIDE to your

syllabus, but you MUST study your text book as the


MAIN source for your quizzes and exams.
Matter
Is anything which occupies space and has mass
Is made of particles  (atom- molecule – ions )

Atom : are singular particles.

Molecule : made of two or more atoms bonded together.

Ions : is a positively or negatively charged particle.


There are three states of matter
Solid Liquid Gas
There are three states of matter
Points of compression Solid Liquid Gas
Arrangement of particles Regular Irregular Irregular
Closely packed Touching Far apart
Movement Vibrate in fixed position Slide over each other Move freely and randomly

Separation Touching Touching Far apart

Shape Fixed shape Take the shape of the container Random-fill any container

Volume Fixed Fixed Not fixed


Attraction force between Very strong Moderate Weak
particles
Intermolecular space Very small Moderate Wide

Density High Medium Low

Ability to compressed Not compressible Not compressible Compressible


How do substances change from one state to another?
Kinetic particle theory
1- Matter is composed of particles which are in continuous motion

2- The motion of these particles depend on


• Temperature  as the temperature increase, the particles movement increase.
• Pressure  as pressure increase, the particles movement decrease.
• The particle weight  lighter particles move faster

3- The physical properties of matter


Melting process
• Particles gain energy
• Move faster
• Over come attraction force
• Particles occupy more space
• Solid state change to liquid state

Melting point : is temperature in which solid change to liquid sate


Evaporation process
• Particles gain energy
• Move faster
• Over come attraction force
• Particles occupy more space
• Liquid state change to gas state

Boiling point
is the temperature at which liquid change to gas
Boiling Evaporation
At fixed temperature At a range of temperature
( boiling point ) ( low boiling point )
Fast rate of reaction Slow reaction
Occurs throughout the liquid Occurs on surface
Bubbles appear No bubbles
The rate of evaporation increase by
increasing
1) The temperature ( by increasing temp, the evaporation increase)

2) The surface area ( by increasing the surface area, the evaporation increase)

3) The nature of liquid (volatile or Non- volatile)


Condensation
• Particles lose kinetic energy
• Move slower
• Inter molecular space decreases
• Intermolecular force increase
• Gas change to liquid

• Condensation point (Is the temperature at which all the gas changes to liquid).
The temperature stays the same until all gas changes to liquid.
Freezing
• Particles lose kinetic energy
• Move slower
• Inter molecular space decreases
• Intermolecular force increase
• Liquid change solid

• Freezing point (Is the temperature at which all the liquid changes to solid). The
temperature stays the same until all liquid changes to solid.
Heating curve

Heating curves show how the temperature


changes as a substance is heated up.

have horizontal flat parts where the state


changes

1. MELTING POINT
2. FREEZING POINT
Cooling curve

The temperature goes down the longer the cooling


continues.

have horizontal flat parts where the state changes

1. Freezing point
2. Condensation point
Sublimation process:
The change from solid state to gas state directly without passing through liquid
state.

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