THE PARTICLE

NATURE OF MATTER

MODULE 1- WEEK 1
(3RD QUARTER)
 LESSON 1:
STATE OF MATTER
 WHAT IS MATTER?

is anything that occupies

space and has mass.
 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
● MASS- is a measure of the
amount of matter the object
has.
● VOLUME- is the measure of the
space occupied by an object
 Other properties of matter
● Hardness
● Texture
● Color
● Flexibility
● Malleability
● electrical conductivity
Particle Models of the Three States of
Matter
Solids, liquids, and gases are all
made up of particles or “atoms”,
molecules, and/or ions, but the
behaviors of these particles differ in
the three phases.
Particle Models of the Three States of
Matter
Differentiate solids, liquids, and
gases based on its shape and molecular
arrangement
 Particle Models of the Three States of Matter
Solids, liquids, and gases are all
made up of particles or “atoms”,
molecules, and/or ions, but the
behaviors of these particles differ in
the three phases. The following figures
illustrate the molecular
arrangement/microscopic differences.
 Identify the state of matter

SOLID LIQUID GAS

 The solid state

Solids keep their shape and cannot be

compressed. In a solid, the particles are packed
close to each other in fixed positions. They are
locked into place, and this explains why solids
have a fixed shape. Look at the following images
of sodium chloride (table salt).
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID
STATE
● they are packed in a regular arrangement. There are very
small spaces between the particles in a solid.
● Particles are held together by forces of attraction. In
solids, these forces are strong enough to hold the particles
firmly in position.
● The particles in a solid move a little bit. They vibrate in
their fixed positions. The more energy the particles have,
the faster and more strongly they vibrate.
THE LIQUID STATE
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID
STATE
● The particles in a liquid have small spaces between them,
but not as small as in solids.
● The particles in a liquid are loosely arranged which means
they do not have a fixed shape like solids, but they rather
take the shape of the container they are in.
● The speed at which the particles move around inside the
liquid depends on the energy of the particles. When we
heat a liquid, we are giving the particles more energy and
speeding them up.
 THE GASEOUS STATE
Gases spread out quickly to fill all the space available to
them.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GASEOUS
STATE
● Gas particles move very fast, much faster than in solids
and liquids. The particles in a gas possess a lot of energy.
● In gases, the forces between particles are very weak. This
explains why the particles in gases are not neatly arranged.
They are not held together tightly and there are large
spaces between them. These spaces are much larger than
in the solid and liquid state.
● Gases can be compressed because their particles can be
forced closer together.
READ ONLY THIS SLIDE
READ ONLY THIS SLIDE
Answer these questions based on the article you just read.
Write your answers in your notebook.
 MATTER

PURE MIXTURES
SUBSTANCES

LET’S
DEFINE
THEM FIRST!
TAKE NOTE OF Pure Substances and
THESE
DEFINITIONS
Mixtures

● pure chemical substance-is any ● Mixtures- are combinations of

matter that has a fixed chemical two or more pure substances in
composition and characteristic variable proportions in which the
properties. individual substances retain their
identity.
Oxygen, for example, is a pure
chemical substance that is a Examples: air, tap water, milk, blue
colorless, odorless gas at 25°C. cheese, bread and dirt.
 Classification of Mixtures
HETEROGENOUS HOMOGENOUS

composition of a If all portions of a material

material is not are in the same state, have no
visible boundaries, and are
completely uniform throughout. This
uniform, mixture is also called
SOLUTION
 ● Mixtures that appear to be homogeneous are often
Also, found to be heterogeneous after microscopic
remember examination. Milk, for example, appears to be
these. homogeneous, but when examined under a microscope,
it clearly consists of tiny globules of fat and protein
dispersed in water. The components of heterogeneous
mixtures can usually be separated by simple means.
● Solid-liquid mixtures such as sand in water or tea
leaves in tea are readily separated by filtration
● Homogeneous mixtures (solutions) can be separated
into their component substances by physical
processes that rely on differences in some physical
property, such as differences in their boiling points.
● Two of these separation methods are distillation and
crystallization.
 Also, ● Distillation makes use of
remember differences in volatility, a measure of
these. how easily a substance is converted
to a gas at a given temperature.
● Crystallization separates mixtures
based on differences in solubility, a
measure of how much solid substance
remains dissolved in each amount of a
specified liquid.
 CLASSIFICATION OF PURE
SUBSTANCE
ELEMENT COMPOUND

chemical substance that is

a chemical substance that is composed of a particular set
made up of a particular kind of molecules or ions that are
of atom and hence cannot chemically bonded. Two or
be broken down or more elements combined into
transformed by a chemical one substance through a
reaction into a different chemical reaction, such as
water, form a chemical
element. These can be
compound.
found on Periodic table.