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L0 Introduction

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5 views12 pages

L0 Introduction

Uploaded by

Aloysius De Stephaneo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prof.

Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 1


Program of the course
 Introduction
 Remarks of soil mechanics:
 Classification of geomaterials
 Typical features of soils in relation to their nature
 In‐situ tests

 Introduction to foundation:
 Geotechnical design process
 Laws and rules for the foundation design
 Seismic characterization of a site and local seismic response
 Foundation types
 Shallow foundation:
 Bearing capacity of shallow foundation
 Effects of load conditions, shape, stratigraphy, etc.
 Soil‐structure interaction
 Settlement of shallow foundation
 Structural design of foundation elements
Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 2
Program of the course
 Deep foundation:
 Types of deep foundation
 Bearing capacity of a single pile subjected to a vertical load
 Bearing capacity of a single pile subjected to a horizontal load
 Pile group
 Interaction soil‐pile‐structure
 Settlement of deep foundation
 Structural design of foundation elements
 Load tests
 Quality control tests
 Micropiles
 Ground anchor

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 3


Program of the course
 Materials of lessons:
 Power Point files of lessons given at lesson

 Books:
 Salgado R., 2007: The engineering of foundations. Mc Graw Hill.
ISBN 9781259002267
 Viggiani C., Mandolini A., Russo G., 2012: Piles and pile foundations.
Taylor and Francis Group. ISBN: 978‐0‐415‐49066‐5
 Exam:
 Written: 32 questions
 2‐2.30 h
 Contacts:
 Prof. ing. Simonetta Cola:
e‐mail: simonetta.cola@unipd.it
Dept. ICEA – GEOMAR Via Ognissanti, 39

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 4


What is a foundation?
A structure that transfers the loads from the above structure (building,
bridge, tower, etc.) to the soil.
The geotechnical engineer must ensure that a foundation satisfies the
following two geotechnical conditions:
 Stable under any conceivable loading;

 Settlement must be within tolerable limits.

In addition, the foundation


must be constructible and
economical.

Typical installation of a number of isolated footings of


shallow foundations
Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 5
Types of foundation
Soil has low resistance to the load
deriving from the over‐structure

how many types?

Shallow Deep
foundations foundations
ground surface

B>D D

B << D

the foundation distributes the load to a


larger volume of soil… more parts of soil are
reacting to the load applied and a larger B
resistance is mobilized

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 6


Shallow foundations: spread or isolated foundation

L/B < 10

L=length
B=width

Designed to distribute the concentrated load delivered from a single column.

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 7


Combined footing and strip foundations
If a single spread foundation overlaps with another, they can
be combined to form a combined foundation, in groups of
two or more.
Walls or a linear group of pillars are normally supported
using strip foundations.

Strip foundation L/B>>10

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 8


Mat or raft foundations
When there are a large number of
spread foundations required for a
structure, it may be more
economical to use a mat or raft
foundation.

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 9


Pile foundations
Deep foundation are generally referred to pile foundations.
A pile is a slender, structural member installed in the ground to transfer the
loads to soils at some significant depth below the base of the structure.

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 10


Settlements
Every structure develops settlements … immediately or with time!
Which is the acceptable
limit for settlements?

The limit depends on the


structure type and the
possible effects induced by
the settlements.

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 11


Settlements
Which is the acceptable limit for settlements?

Prof. Cola: Foundations _ Lesson 0: Introduction 12

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