Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore

Department of Electronics & Communication Basic Electrical & Electronics

Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)
Experiment no.10
Date of Performance Date of Submission Grade obtained
Student’s Name Enrollment No Signature of Faculty

Objective: To study of 3 phase induction motor.

Apparatus required: Cut section of Induction Motor.

Theory:
One of the most common electrical motor used in most applications which is known as
induction motor. This motor is also called as asynchronous motor because it runs at a
speed less than synchronous speed. In this, we need to define what is synchronous
speed. Synchronous speed is the speed of rotation of the magnetic field in a rotary
machine and it depends upon the frequency and number poles of the machine.
Construction of Three Phase Induction Motor
The 3-phase induction motor is the most widely used electrical motor. Almost 80% of
the mechanical power used by industries is provided by 3 phase induction motor
because of its simple and rugged construction, low cost, good operating characteristics,
absence of commutator and good speed regulation. In 3 phase induction motor the
power is transferred from stator to rotor winding through induction.
Like any other electrical motor induction motor also have two main parts namely rotor
and
stator.

1. Stator. As its name indicates stator is a stationary part of induction motor. A stator
winding is placed in the stator of induction motor and the three-phase supply is given to
it.

2. Rotor. The rotor is a rotating part of induction motor. The rotor is connected to the
mechanical load through the shaft.

Stator of Three Phase Induction Motor

The stator of the three-phase induction motor consists of three main parts:

1. Stator frame,
2. Stator core,
3. Stator winding or field winding.

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

 Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore
Department of Electronics & Communication Basic electrical & Electronics
Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)

Fig 1.1 Construction of 3-Phase Induction Motor

Stator Frame
It is the outer most part of the three-phase induction motor. Its main function is to
support the stator core and the field winding. It acts as a covering and it provide
protection and mechanical strength to all the inner parts of the induction motor. The
frame is either made up of die cast or fabricated steel. The frame of three phase
induction motor should be very strong and rigid as the air gap length of three phase
induction motor is very small, otherwise rotor will not remain concentric with stator,
which will give rise to unbalanced magnetic pull.

Fig 1.2 Construction of stator & Rotors

Fig 1.2 Construction of stator & Squirrel Rotor

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

 Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore
Department of Electronics & Communication Basic electrical & Electronics
Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)

Fig 1.3 Construction of Wound Rotor

Stator Core
The main of the stator core is to carry the alienating fix to order to reduce the eddy
current loss, the stator core is laminated. These laminated types of structure are made up
of stamping which is about 0.4 to 0.5 mm thick. All the stamping are stamped together
to form stator core, which is then housed in stator frame. The stamping is generally
made up of silicon steel, which helps to reduce the hysteresis loss occurring in motor.
Stator Winding or Field Winding
The slots on the periphery of stator core of the three phase induction motor carries three
phase windings. This three-phase winding is supplied by three phase ac supply. The
three phases of the winding are connected either in star or delta depending upon which
type of starting method is used. The squirrel cage motor is mostly started by star-delta
stator and hence the stator of squirrel cage motor is delta connected. The slip ring three
phase induction motor are started by inserting resistances so, the stator winding of slip
ring induction motor can be connected either in star or delta. The winding wound on the
stator of three phase induction motor is also called field winding and when this winding
is excited by three phase ac supply it produces a rotating magnetic field.
Rotor of Three Phase Induction Motor
Rotor of a 3-phase induction motor can be of either two types, squirrel cage rotor and
phase wound rotor (or simply - wound rotor).
Most of the induction motors (up to 90%) are of squirrel cage type Squirrel cage type
rotor has very simple and almost indestructible construction. This type of rotor consists
of a cylindrical laminated core, having parallel slots on it. These parallel slots carry rotor
conductors. In this type of rotor, heavy bars of copper, aluminum or alloys are used as
rotor conductors instead of wires.
Rotor slots are slightly skewed to achieve following advantages-
1. It reduces locking tendency of the rotor, i.e., the tendency of rotor teeth to remain
under
stator teeth due to magnetic attraction.
2. Increases the effective transformation ratio between stator and rotor.
3. Increases rotor resistance due to increased length of the rotor conductor.
The rotor bars are brazed or electrically welded to short circuiting end rings at both
ends. Thus, this rotor construction looks like a squirrel cage and hence we call it. The
rotor bars are permanently short circuited; hence it is not possible to add any external
resistance to armature circuit.
Phase wound rotor is wound with 3 phase, double layer, distributed winding. The
number of poles of rotor are kept same to the number of poles of the stator. The rotor is
always wound 3 phases even if the stator is wound two phases.
The three-phase rotor winding is internally star connected. The other three terminals of
the winding are taken out via three insulated sleep rings mounted on the shaft and the
BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
 Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore
Department of Electronics & Communication Basic electrical & Electronics
Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)

brushes resting on them. These three brushes are connected to an external star connected
rheostat.
This arrangement is done so reduce an external resistance circuit for starting purposes
and for changing the speed/torque characteristics.
When motor is running at its rated speed, slip rings are automatically short circuited by
means of a metal collar and brushes are lifted above the slip rings to minimize the
frictional losses.
Working Principle of 3 phase Induction Motor:
In induction motor we give only one supply, so it is really interesting to know that how
it works. It is very simple, from the name itself we can understand that there is induction
process occurred: Actually, when we are giving the supply to the stator winding, flux
will generate in the coil due to flow of current in the coil. Now the rotor winding is
arranged in such a way that it becomes short circuited in the rotor itself. The flux from
the stator will cut the coil in the rotor and since the rotor coils are short circuited,
according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, current will start flowing in the
coil of the rotor. When the current will flow, another flux will get generated in the rotor.
Now there will be two flux, one is stator flux and another is rotor flux and the rotor flux
will be lagging to the stator flux. Due to this, the rotor will feel a torque which will
make the rotor to rotate in the direction of rotating magnetic flux. So, the speed of the
rotor will be depending upon the ac supply and the speed can be controlled by varying
the input supply. This is the working principle of an induction motor of either type.
Result: The study of 3 phase induction motor is explained

Questions:
1. Which stator is used for high torque?
2. Write difference between squirrel cage & wound rotor?
3. Write formula of Slip?
4. What is synchronous speed?
5. What are the applications of induction motor?

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

 Sushila Devi Bansal College of Technology, Indore
Department of Electronics & Communication Basic electrical & Electronics
Engineering Engineering
(BT-104)

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG.