Repor

Relati

Dimensions, Errors Perc

19 & Experiments Comb

Oper

Important Points 2. Screw Gauge:

" Important Dimensions: Main Scale Reading
Pitch =
No of Rotations
Gravitational constant =[M' LT] Dif
" Stefan's constant = [MT K*] Least Count = LC

Coefficient of viscosity = [ML- T'] Pitch

Mul
Boltzmann constant = [ML T² K-] Total no of division on CR scale
Angle, SolidAngle -[M L° T] Total Reading = Linear Scale Reading+ CR«LC
Planck's constant = [ML T} Zero - Error
Permitivity of free space =[M'L TA]
Permeability of free space =[MLT2 A*] Positive
Resistance = [ML? TA-1 Negative
Zero of CR lies below Zero of CR lies
above
Inductance =[ML T² A] graduation line graduation line
Capacitance [M!L² T A] Gene
" Coefficient of thermal conductivity -[MLT
K]
" Same physical quantity can be related with
mathematical operations (+,-, , 2, S) Error =(CR.div)(LC) Error = (CR div) (LC)
Instruments It has to be subtracted at It
has to be added at last
1. Vernier Scale: last.
(a) Calculation of least count = IMSD - 1VSD
(b) Total reading without any zero error = Main 3. Errors:
scale reading + (Coinciding vernier scale L.C= It is the smallest value that can be
division x LC). by instrument (Occurs with random & measured
systematic
Main scale reading= (No of division on Error).
MS) (LCof MS) For an experiment of multiple readings for a
(c) Physical quantity let the reading be:
Zero Error a, a, a, .. a, n

Positive Error a mean

Zero of VS lies right of
Negative Error.
Zero of VS Lies Left of
zero of MS zero ofMs
Error = MSR Absolute Error = Aa, = a, -a
Error = Imm
+(VSR x LC) - (MSR + VSR × LC) Mean Absolute ErTor
"It has to be subtracted " It has to be added
= Aa= |Aal +\aa,]+..Aa|
n
 Reporting atAa

Aa
RelativeError

PerentageError = x100

Combinationof Errors:

Relative Error
Operations Formula Z Absolute Error AZ
% Error 100
AA + AB M+ AB
A+B AA + AB
Sum
A+ B A+ B

A-B A4 + AB
pifference AA + AB
A-B

AA AB
Multiplication Ax B AAB + BAA + Dimensions,
A B

BAA + AAB AB
Division AIB
B A B ( Erros
Power n
A
Epeiments &
General- Rule
APB9
C
Then maximum fractional relative Error is
AB AC
p+q B
+r
C
 (a) measuring the Joule heating
(6) passing aconstant current and measuring the voltage across i
(c) measuring the current on application of a constant
across it. voltage
(d) the Wheatstone bridge method.

9. In the determination of Young's modulus Y= 4MLg

rld? Dy using
Searle's method, a wire of lengthL-2 mand diameter d=0Sm
is used. For a load M= 2.5 kg, an extension e = 0.25 mm in the
length ofthe wire is observed.Quantities dand &are measured
a screW gauge and a micrometer, respectively. They have using
the same
pitch of 0.5 mm. The number of divisions on their circular soala is
100. Then mark the incorrect statement(s)regarding contributions
to the maximum probable error of the Y measurement
(a) due to the errors in the measurements of dand are the same
(b) due to the error in the measurement of d is twice that due to
the error in the measurement of .
(c) due to the error inthe measurement of is twice that due to
the error in the measurement of d.

(d) due tothe error in the measurement of d is four time that due
to the error in the measurenment of .

10. In aresonance column experiment, the length of air column at 1"

resonance is measured to be 15.lcm with a poOssible indeterminate
error of 0.1 cm owing to the least count of measuring scale used.
With the same scale, the 2nd resonance occurs at 45.2 cm. The
possible wavelength of sound can be:
(a) 60 cm (6) 60.2 cm
(c) 60.5 cm (d) 60.8 cm
11. The diameter of awire of length50 cm is measured with the help
of a screw gauge. The main scale reading is l mm and circular
scale reading is 25. Pitch of the screw gauge lmm and the total
number of divisions on the circular scale is 100. Thiswire is used
in an experiment of determination for the Young's modulus of
material of awire by Searle'smethod. The wire is placed under a
tension of 50Nand elongation of wire is = 0.125cm. The least
count for measuring the length of wireis 0.01 cm and for measuring
elongation of the wire is 0.00l cm.
(a) The least count in the measurement of diameter of wire is 0.01
mm.

(b) The diameter of the wire is (1.25 ± 0.01) cm.

(c) The percentage error in calculation of Young's modulus is
2.4%.
(d) The Young's modulus of wire is (5.0 + 0.2) x 10° N/m'.
 pitchofscrewgauge
is I mm and|its circular
scale is divided
The divisions. When nothing is put between the studs the
100
into
main scale is not seen but when circular scale is rotated
zeroof main scale is just visible and the zero of main
450°, thezeroof
hy coincides the zero of circular
with scale. When aglass plate
scale
isplacedi betweenthestuds..the circular scalelies between 18h and
division of main scale and | circular scale reads 34 divisions.
19th
Then,
i) There is positive zero error and its magnitude is 1.25 mm
There is negative zero error and its magnitude is 1.25 mm.
i The thickness of the glass plate is 19.59 mm.
À The thickness of the glass plate is 17.09 mm.
13. Suppose a student measures g, the acceleration of gravity by
ae2suring the timetfor a stone to fall from a height h above
the ground. After measuring several timings, she concludes that
1= L6+ 0.1 s and she measures the height h as h = 46.2 + 0.3 ft
2h
and uses the formula g=
Dimesions,
Then:
(a) Percentage error in h is 0.6 %
(b) Percentage error in t is 0.063%
(c) Percentage error in g is 13.1 % Errors
(d) Final value of g(properly rounded) is given by 36 +5 ft/s²
&
14. Avernier calipers with no zero error is used to estimate the diameter Experiments
and length of a solid cylinder. There are 10 divisions on
vernier
scale which coincide with 9 main scale divisions. One main
scale
division is 1 mm.While measuring the length of the cylinder, 4h
vernier scale division coincides with 21.4 cm on the main scale.
While measuring the diameter, 8th vernier scale division coincides
with 3.9 cm on the main scale.
(a) The percentage uncertainty in the length is 4.76%
(6) The percentage uncertainty in the diameter is 0.31%
(C) The percentage uncertainty in the curved surface area is 0.35%
(a) The percentage uncertainty in the volume is 5.38%
13, Consider the circuit in figure. The values of the
resistances are A
R, =(3.0 +0.2)92, R,=(2.0 +0.1) 2, R,=(1.8 +0.1) 2, R R,
V=(3.00+ 0.02) V
B
(a) The value of R.=(3.0+ 0.2) 2
R,
(6) The value of current /= (1.0+0.1) A
(c) The value of R,=(1.1 #0.1) 2
(d) The value of R, =(5.0+0.3) 2
 i6. You can measure specific gravity of aliquid with a "vernier likox
,Vernier device. You have a cylinder of known mass whose side is markea
Main Scale
Scale with marking of meter scale (least count Imm). There is a movahl
vernierscale with 10divisions (10 vsd =9 msd) on the side T%e
zero vernier scale just touches liquid surface. The cylinder is 1w
floated in water at 20°C. The main scale reading is 38 mm and sa
vernier division coincides with a main scale. (Assume vernier Scale
0
is light and there are no effects of surface tension)
(a) If cylinder shows MSR as 34 mm and 4th vsdI
of liquid is 1.12. coinciding,
SG
(b) Iftemperature decreases, a possible reading when
in water, is MSR = 38 mm and 1" vsd coinciding. cylinder
is
(c) Iftheitemperature increases, a possible ereading
when cylinder
is in water, is MSR=38 mm and 3rd vsd coinciding.
(d) If SG of liquid is 1.20, MSR = 46 and vsd reading = 2 div
coinciding.
17. Ina meter bridge experiment, the resistance of resistance boy is
16 2, which is inserted in right gap. The null point is obtained at
36 cm from the left end. The least count of meter scale is Imm
The value of unknown resistance is
5
(a) 9t2
128
(b) 9t
250

(c) 9t (a) 9t
S12 2560

18. The magnetic field at the point P on the surface of a

uniformly
charged solid sphere (of charge density p and radius R) is B, when
the sphere is spinning about its diameter as shown. At the
just outside the sphere on the equatorial plane, the
point E
is B,. The angular velocity is o
magnetic field
(a) Ifo has 1% random error then B, has
0.5% random error due
tothis.
(b) IfR has random error of 2% then B, has
due to this.
random erTOr of 4%
(c) IfRhas random error of1% then B, has
due to this.
random error of0.5%
(d) Ifp has 3% random error then B, has
to this.
random error of 3% due
R, R 19. Figure shows an experimental setup to find the
value of an unknown
resistanceR, using a meter bridge. AB is uniform meter bridge wire
of length L= 100 cm. When sliding
jockey is at J (AJ= x), ne
galvanometer shows zero deflection. Length AJ is measured by a
meter scale having least count of 1 mm. In an
resistance is taken as 20 S2, length was found toexperiment known
be (20.0 ±0.1) cim
 (a) Value of R,
=(5.00 + 0.03) S2
R,= (5.00 +0.02) S2
() Value of
minimize fractional error the known resistance should be
(c) To
very close to R,
À FractionalerTOr is minimum when X=

shownin the figure R,

20. Forthe given circuit as
Q R,= 30 t 6 2
R, = 60+ 3
C= (|+0.1) F E= (40 t 4) V
At/=0, capacitor is uncharged. E R
(a) Maximum error in maximum current in branch of capacitor
can be 0.4A.
(b) Maximum error in maximum current in branch of capacitor
can be 0.04 A
(e) Maximum fractional error in time constant of circuit can be
0.45.
(d) Maximum fractional error in time constant of circuit can be Dimensions,
0.25.
21. Ihave a Vernier Caliper. I have a task to measure the length of a
pencil as shown in the figure. The least count of my Vernier scale
is 0.05 times the value of one division of main-scale. Errors

Pencil &
Experinments
8 cm 9 cm

Portion of Main-Scale

My Vernier Scale has n divisions and coincides with (n 4)

divisions of main scale. While measuring the length of pencil,
the th division of Vernier-Scale exactly coincide the main
5
scale. Now choose the correct option(s):
(a) The value of n is 40
(b) The least count of vernier caliper is 0.005 cm
(c) The length of Pencil is 8.44 cm
(d) The length of Pencil is 8.48 cm
mass and angular
42. Let us consider a system of units in which
ofL, which
momentum are dimensionless. Iflength has dimension
of the following statement (s) is/are correct?
(a) The dimension of force is L-3
(6) The dimension of energy is L?
(c) The dimension of power is L
L
(d) The dimension of linear momentum is
 Paragraph Type Questions
Passage for (Q. I-2): The universal gravitationalconstant is measured
Cxperimentally usingCavendish's experiment. Ths experiment is a very
precise which gives the value of Gas (6.6742 +0.0010) × 10 " N-m'/kg
Since the universal gravitational constant has some error in it, using it if
we find escape speed and acceleration due to gravity on Eath's surface.
our values willhave error in it.(Assume mass of Earth =6.0000 x |024 ko
and radius of Earth=6.4000 x 10 m). The measurement of mass of Earth
has an error of 0.01 %and radius of Earth has an error of 0.02%.
I. Choose the correct option(s):
(a) Maximum percentage error in acceleration due to gravity gis
0.065%
(b) Maximum percentage error in acceleration due to gravity g is
0.025%
(c) Value of acceleration due to gravity g (approx.) is 9.78 m/s
() Value of acceleration due to gravity g (approx.) is 8.78 m/s
2. What will be the maximum percentage error in calculating the
escape speed on earth.
(a) 0.045% (6) 0.0225%
(c) 0.015% (d) 0.0025%
Passagefor (Q. 3 - 4): Acylinder of radius R= 10.00 cm is being rolled
on a rough horizontal surface. Its front flat face is marked with egually
spaced 100 divisions. Similarly, the ground below is marked with equally
spaced divisions with least count I mm. The top of the cylinder is just
touching astraight line marked on the wall behind it. At t= 0, the 0
10.1 cmn
marking on cylinder touches 10.1 cm on ground below.
3. When0marking on cylinder first touches the line marked on the
wall, the 180° opposite marking on the ground reads.
(a) 20.1 cm (b) 41.51cm
(c) 41.5 cm (d) 21.5 cm
4. If cylinder was slipping such that v and o are
direction as shown
but v<oR, which of the following can be reading on
0of circular scale touches the line marked on the
ground when
wall first.
(a) 82.lcm (b) 64.82 cm
(c) 5.0 cm (d) 31.7 cm

Passage for (Q. 5-6): In the displacement method to find the focal length
of a convex lens, the lens is mounted on an optical bench of
least count
Imm kept between object and the
screen.
The height of object on screen in measured using a vermier
no zero error Imsd = Imm and 10 Vsd =9 msd. For a
calipers with
particular position
of lens (reading =10.1cm), a sharp image is obtained on the
screen with
 and sh vernier scale division coinciding. When the lens was
r=2 mm
displacedtowards the screen, so that reading of optical bench becomes
40.1cm, asharp image is again obtained on the screen with msr = 0 mm
and.4th vermier scale division coincides with main scale division.

0 cm 100 cm
Iuuulunlulunlunl Sereen

5. The height of the object is:

(a) 1.5 mm
(b) 2.0 mm
(c) 1.0 mm
(d) 1.2 mm
6. What is the % error in
focal length of lens?
(a) 3 %
(6) 2%
(c) 14 9%
(d)None of these
Passage for (Q.7- 8): 1f the
quantities are known, then it measurement errors in all the
the independent
is possible to
dependent quantity. This is done by the usedetermine error in
Iruncating the expansion at the first power of series expansion any and
: t Az =

The series
expansion for to first power in
relative errors in I+ (Ayly). The
in A: =
independent variables are always added. So the
Ay
The above error
derivation makes the
Ar
«I assumption
that
Therefore,
the higher
powers of these
neglected. quantities are
7.
Consider the ratior - a ) to be to be
(1+ a)
a
Aadimensi o nless quantity
(Aala << l), then a. If the
determined
error in the
by
measuring
Aa
what the error Ar in
is measurementr? of a is
(a)

(l+a) (b)
determining
2Aa
(c) 2Aa (1+ a
(|-a) (d) 2aha
(1-a)
 8. In an experiment the initial number of radioactive nuclei is 3000.
It is found that 1000 ± 40 nuclei decayed in the first 1.0 s. For
x « 1, ln (1 +x) =x up to first power in x. The error A, in the
determination of the decay constant 2, in s is:
(a) 0.04 (6) 0.03
(c) 0.02 (d) 0.01
resistor is
Passage for (Q. 9 - 11): Resistance value of an unknown
calculated using the formula R=- where Vand / be the readings of
the voltmeter and the ammeter respectively. Consider the circuits below.
The internal resistances of the voltmeter and the ammeter (R, and R
respectively) are finite and non-zero.

R
R

Figure (A) Figure (B)

Let R, and R, be the calculated values in the two cases Aand Brespectively.
9. The relation between R, and the actual valueR is
(a) R>R, (6) R<R,
(c) R=R, (a) Dependent upon E and r
10. The relation between R, and the actual value R is:
(a) R<R (6) R>R¡
(c) R=R (d) Dependent upon Eand r.
11, If the resistance of voltmeter is R, = 1k2 and that of ammeter is
R=12, the magnitude of the percentage error in the measurement
ofR (the value of Ris nearly 10 ) is:
(a) zero in both cases
(6) non zero but equal in both cases
(c) more in circuit A
(d) more in circuit B

Matching List Questions

1. Answer the following by appropriately matching the lists based
onthe information given in the paragraph.
Four Students perform an experiment to measure valueofg using
simple pendulum. They use different length of pendulum and
record time for different number of oscillations. Their observation
is shown in table.
 Length of Number of Total time
Srudent Pendulum (cm) oscillations (n) (sec)
10 12 40
()
20 60
()
5 10 30
(ll)
10 20
(IV)

count of length is 0.1 cm and least count of time is 0.1 sec.

Least
List-Ihasfour students and List-Il gives some quantity.
List I List II
Student-1 (P) 3/200
()
(I) Student-2 (Q) 1/120
(I) Student-3 (R) |2/75
(IV) Student-4
(S) 1/50
(T) 1/100
(U) 1/80
1L ist-Il gives error in time period, then correct match will be:
(a) I’S, II ’Q, III’T, IV’U
(b) I’Q, II’ S, II’T, IV ’U
(c) I’Q, Il ’ S, III ’U,IV yT
(à I’S, II ’T, III ’Q, IV ’U
2. Answer the following by appropriately
on the information given in the matching the lists based
paragraph.
Four Students perform an experiment to measure
simple pendulum. They use different length ofvalue of g using
pendulum and
record time for different number of oscillations. Their
isshown in table. observation
Student Length of Number of Total time
Pendulum (cm) oscillations (n) (sec)
() 10
12 40
(II) 20
60
(II) 5 10 30
(IV) 10 8 20
Least count of length is 0.l cm and least count of
List-I has four students and List-II gives time is 0.1 sec.
some quantity.
List-I
List-II
(I) Student-1 (P) 3/200
(II) Student-2 (Q) 1/120
(III) Student-3 (R) 2/75
(IV) Student-4 (S) 1/50
(T) 1/100
(U) 1/80
 If List-11l gives fractionalerror in g. then correct match will be:
(a) I’ P,I|’ R, Il ’Q, IV’S
() I’Q. I| ’PII’R, IV -’ S
(c) I’ R, I| ’S, II’Q,IVP
(d) I’ P. I| ’Q, IlIl ’R, IV S
3. There are four vernier scales. Specifications of instrument is given
in List-Iand least count is given in List-II|S =main scale division,
n= number of vernier scale divisions coinciding with (n- ) main
scale divisions]
List-I Líst-1I
(P) S = lmm; n = 10 (1) 0.05 mm

(Q) S=0.5 mm; n= 10 (2) 0.01 mm

(R) S= 0.5 mm; n = 20 (3) 0.l mm

(S) |S=1mm:n= 100 (4) 0.025

Supernova
Physics (a) P’ 1;0 ’ 2; R ’ 3; S ’4
(b) P’ 3;Q’ 1;R’4; S ’2
(c) P’ 3;Q ’ 1;R’ 2; S ’4
(d) P’ 3;Q ’ 2:; R ’ 4; S ’1

Numericals & Subjective Questions

1. Avoltmeter and an ammeter are connected in the circuit as
R
shown. Resistance of ammeter is and that of voltmeter is
10
R
10 R. Percentage error in the reading of voltmeter (compared to
the case when meters are ideal) is x % then find the value of
(approx.).

2. In the diagram shown,12 complete threads ofthespindle are visible

from every angle. 56h csd coincides with the reference line. Initially,
35 complete threads were present and visible on the spindle. Initially
means where there was no object between the stud and screw. I msd
=100 csd = lmm. Length ofthe body is ....mm.
Spindle

336
 optical bench experiment to
determine the focal length of
Inconcave mirror,the least
an count of thebench scale (meter scale)
the cm. The object needle reading is 10.7 cm and the image
is5.7 cm. The mirror is positioned at 15.7 cm, The
0.l
s reading
ncedle
1 possible
maxmum
percentage error inthe focal length of the mirror
10
sett of readings is Findx.
this

a vernier calipers, the zero of vernier scale is slightly left to

4 In zeroof main scale when both jaws are closely joined to each
the
Total number of divisions on vernier scale is 80 which is
other.
cqualto 2.32cm. 70h division of vernier is exactly coinciding with
division of main scale when jaws are closely joined to each
gnd
other. Now diameter of
cylinder is measured, it is found that zero
between 6.21 cm to 6.24cm on the main scale and
ofvernier lies
s0h division of Vernier exactly coincides with a main scale. Then
what willbe the zero error of vernier calipers (in cm)?

P=: *y
5, Aphysicalquantity P is given as (4-1)'
where, x= (2 ± Dimensions,

0.01) Sl unit; y =(4±0.02) SIunit; = (2 +0.01) SI unit. Find the

percentage error in calculation of P.
6A tuning fork of known frequency is held at the open end of a Errors
long tube which is dipped into water as shown in the figure. The
tuning fork of frequency 165 Hz resonates when air columns have &
length , 50 +0.5 cm and , = 150 + 0.1 cm consecutively. If the E:xperiments
Speed of sound in air is [330 ±a (0.99)] m/s then the value of a is
(Refer Fig.: 19.6)
7. Surface tension of a liquid is being estimated by measuring height
of liquid rise in a capillary. The travelling microscope has vernier
scale whose reading for water level B is 2.3 cm on main scale
and 4th vernier scale division coinciding. The reading for lower Fig.: 19.6
level of meniscus A is 4.7 cm on main scale and 4th vernier scale
division coinciding. For measuring the diameter, the left end ofthe
capillary C measures 3.2 cm on main scale and 1" vernier scale C D
division coinciding.The right end of capillary Dmeasures 3.2 cm
on main scale and 3rd vernier scale division coinciding. Here angle A---
of contact = 0°, density is 10°kg/m² and acceleration due to gravity
= 10 m/s² and 10 vernier scale divisions =9 main scale divisions.
What is value of surface tension (in N/m)? (Refer Fig.: 19.7) B
8. The main scale of vernier calipers reads in millimeter and its one Fig.: 19.7
division is equal to Imm. Its vernier is divided into 16division,
which coincide with 15 division of main scale. Furthermore,
when a rod is tightly placed along its length between two jaws, it
is observed that the zero vernier scale lies just right to 32 division
of main scale and 4th division of vernier scale coincide with main
scale. What is the length of rod in mm?
 A10 mlong potentiometer wire has a resistance of 20 ohm I
connected in series with a baltery of emf 3V and a resistance
10o Theinternal resistance of cell is negligible. If the length cae
2092 be read accurately up to Imm, the potentiometer can read voltaos
with an accuracy of (in milli volt). Then the value of k
(Refer tig.: 19.9)
10. Consider the meter bridge circuit without neglecting end
corrections. If we used 100 Q and 200 S2 resistance in place ofp
and Srespectively, we get null deflection at = 33.0 cn If we
R
interchange the resistances, the nulldeflection was found to he an
(, =67.0 cm. Ifa andB are the end correction, then the value of
a +Bshould be(Refer Fig.: 19.10)

100 cm 11. Snell's law relation for air glass boundary is given by equation
SIn 8, =n .sin 0, Here angle of refraction in glass is 9 and the
angle of incident in air is . The refractive index of air is n -
Fig.: 19. 10 (with negligible uncertainty). In an experiment to verify Snell':
law, the best fit line on agraph between sint, (on the y-axis) and
sine, (on the x-axis) is given by the equation y = (6.66 ±0.05).
Supernova
PhysleN 10-'x+ (0.022 + 0.024). The refractive index of the glass, including
the error is reported as (1.ab + 0.0c), where a, band c are sinola
digits. Calculate value of (a + b- c).
12. The nut on the bolt shown is rotated till the nut is just taut. The
washer has the same area as that of the nut. Its thickness is I mm
and area is 10 cm². The nut and bolt are perfectly rigid. The pitch
of the screw is also mm. After the just taut position, the nut
is tightened by rotating it by 1.8°. If the stress in the washer is
2x 10' N/m², find the young's modulus Y(in N/m) for the washer
Y
Fill in OMR sheet.
10
13. Using dimensional analysis, angular frequency (o) of surface
waves on alake as a function of surface tensiono, water density
2T
and the wave number k = (a is the wavelength) is derived
Assuming that the dimensionless coeficient is equal to two (in SI
units) in this case, find the value of groupvelocity vgin m's) wher
ak
(Use: g =64 mN-m', Q= 320r kg-m', A=1 cm)
14. The zero of main scale matches with zero of vernier scale.
9th division of main scale matches with 10h division of vermier.
No other match is present. After sliding, zero of vernier is Tounu
to be in between 3 and 4th divisions of main scale and 5 divisod
of vernier matches with hdivision of main scale. The value of
is

8
 of. a screW gauge is 0.5 mm and there are 50 divisions
The pitch
onits
circular scale and one main scale division = 0.5 mm. Before
startingthe measurement, it is found that when jaws of the screw
gauge are brought in contact, the zero of the circular scale lies
4division above the reference line and zero of main scale is not
visible. When a metallic wire is placed between the jaws, five main
scale divisions are clearly visible and 18h division on the circular
scale coincides with the reference line. The diameter of the wire
is(in mm):
A TheRachet of a screw gauge (whose jaws were initially closed)
is connected to a slowly rotating motor. The angular velocity of
the rachet is 0.1 rad/s. The screw gauge has 100 divisions on the
circular scale and its least count is 0.01 mm. If the zero error was
-0.01 mm, what is the reading (in mm) at 10.1 sec.
four equal divisions
17, Anoptical bench has 1.5 m long scale having
convex lens, the
in each cm. While measuring the focal length of a
pin is kept at
lens is kept at 75 cm mark of the scale and the object
the other side of the
45 cm mark. The image of the object pin on
at l35 cm mark. In this
lens overlaps with image pin that is kept
measurement of the focal
experiment, the percentage error in the
length of the lens is
a hollow sphere are measured
18. The external and internal radius of percentage
± 0.01)cm and (3.90± 0.01)cm. Maximum
tobe (4.20 will be.
volume
error in the measurement of
 ANSWER KEYS

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (b, c, d)
10. (a, b, c) 11. (a, c) 12. (b, c) 13. (a, C, d) 14. (a, b, d) 15. (a, b)
16. (a, b) 17. (a) 18. (b, d) 19. (a, C, d) 20. (a, d) 21. (b,d) 22. (a, b, d)
PARAGRAPH TYPE QUES TIONS
1. (a, c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a)
10. (a) 11.(d)
MATCHING LIST QUESTIONS
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b)

NUMERICALS & SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. 2.00 2.
22.56 3. 3.00 4. -1.97 5.2.50 6. 2.00 7. 72
Physics
pernova 8. 32.25 mm 9. 2.00 10. 2.00 11, 4.00 12. 4.00 13. 0.60 14. 2.66 to 2.67
15. 2.72 16. 0.15 17. 1.35 to 1.45 18. 6.67 to 6.68