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FM Lecture 3

Gm

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23 views9 pages

FM Lecture 3

Gm

Uploaded by

shubham81844
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 1

SPECIFIC VOLUME
• It is defined as volume per unit mass of any fluid and its unit is 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔.
• It is the inverse of mass density.
• It is simply denoted by symbol 𝜗.
• Mathematically,

𝑉 1
𝜗= =
𝑀 𝜌
•
Where v = volume of the fluid (𝑚3 ) 1 litre = 10−3 𝑚3
M = mass of the fluid (kg)
• For pure water, the specific volume is 10−3 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔.
• For air, the specific volume is 0.8064 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
• It is defined as the ratio of specific weight or mass density of a fluid to the specific weight or mass
density of a standard fluid.
• It is simply denoted by symbol 𝑆 and it has no unit.
• Mathematically,

weight density of fluid


𝑆=
weight density of standard fluid
mass density of fluid
= mass density of standard fluid

• For liquid, the standard fluid is taken as water at 4 degree C.


• For gases, the standard fluid is taken as air.
NUMERICAL

1. If specific gravity of mercury is 13.6, calculate its mass density. (Ans: 13600 kg/𝑚3 )
2. If specific gravity of a liquid is 0.81. find out its mass density, specific volume and
specific weight. (Ans: 800 kg/𝑚3 , 1.25× 10−3 𝑚3 /kg , 7.848 kN/𝑚3 )
COMBINED NUMERICAL
• Write down the formula of the following with unit.
1. Weight density
2. Mass density
3. Specific volume
4. Specific gravity
• 2 litre of petrol weighs 14N. Calculate the specific weight, mass density, specific volume and
specific gravity of petrol with respect to water?
• 3.2 𝑚3 of a certain oil weighs 27.5 kN. Calculate its sp. weight, mass density, sp. Volume and
sp. Gravity with respect to water.
• A fan delivers 4𝑚3 of air per second at 20°C and 1.25 bar. Assuming molecular weight of air
as 28.97, calculate the mass of air delivered. Also determine the density, specific volume and
specific weight of air. (G=8314 Nm/kg mol K, 1 bar = 105 N/𝑚2 )
2 solution: Given,
Volume of petrol = 2 litre = 2 × 10−3 𝑚3
Weigh of petrol = 14 N
3 SOLUTION:
VISCOSITY

• It is a property of the fluid by virtue of which it offers resistance to shear or angular


deformation.
• The resistance to flow because of internal friction is called viscous resistance and the
property which enables the fluid to offer resistance to relative motion between
adjacent layers is called viscosity of fluid.
• When any fluids flows over a solid surface the velocity is not uniform at any cross
section.
• It is zero (no slip condition) at the solid surface and progressively approaches the free
stream velocity in the fluid layers far away from the solid surface.
• Thus aspect of the velocity profile indicates the existence of some resistance to flow
due to friction between a fluid layer and the solid surface and adjacent layer of fluid
itself.
VISCOSITY

• Velocity gradient: the difference in the velocity between


the adjacent layer of fluid with respect to difference of
distance between adjacent layers.
• Mathematically.
𝑢2 −𝑢1 𝑑𝑢
• Velocity gradient = =
𝑦2 −𝑦1 𝑑𝑦

• Velocity gradient is large at the solid surface and


gradually diminishes to zero with distance from the wall.

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