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Chain Rule Problems

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11 views4 pages

Chain Rule Problems

Xxccc

Uploaded by

Sargam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAIN RULE PROBLEMS

The chain rule says (f (g(x)))0 = f 0 (g(x))g 0 (x), or (f (u))0 = f 0 (u)u0 (x) if u = g(x). To
carry out the chain rule, know basic derivatives well so you can build on that. In the table
below, observe how each basic derivative in the first column (based on material through
Section 3.6) can be generalized by the chain rule by using g(x) in place of x in the third
column.

Basic derivative Composition Chain rule example

(xc )0 = cxc−1 g(x)c = uc for u = g(x) (g(x)c )0 = cg(x)c−1 g 0 (x)


for constant c and constant c for constant c

(x3 )0 = 3x2 g(x)3 = u3 for u = g(x) ((g(x))3 )0 = 3g(x)2 g 0 (x)

√ 1 √ 1
( x)0 = √ ( g(x))0 = p g 0 (x)
p p
g(x) = u for u = g(x)
2 x 2 g(x)
 0  0
1 −1 1 1 1 −1 0
= 2 = for u = g(x) = g (x)
x x g(x) u g(x) g(x)2

(ex )0 = ex eg(x) = eu for u = g(x) (eg(x) )0 = eg(x) g 0 (x)

1 1 0
(ln x)0 = ln g(x) = ln u for u = g(x) (ln g(x))0 = g (x)
x g(x)

(sin x)0 = cos x sin(g(x)) = sin u for u = g(x) (sin(g(x)))0 = cos(g(x))g 0 (x)

(cos x)0 = − sin x cos(g(x)) = cos u for u = g(x) (cos(g(x)))0 = − sin(g(x))g 0 (x)

(tan x)0 = sec2 x tan(g(x)) = tan u for u = g(x) (tan(g(x)))0 = sec2 (g(x))g 0 (x)

1 1
(arctan x)0 = arctan(g(x)) = arctan u for u = g(x) (arctan(g(x)))0 = g 0 (x)
x2 + 1 g(x)2 + 1

1
2 CHAIN RULE PROBLEMS

Problems.
(1) sin2 x (This means (sin x)2 , so the “outer” function is x2 , not sin x.)
(2) sin(sin x)
(3) sin(sin(sin x))
(4) sin(sin(sin(sin x)))
√
(5) x2 + 5x
(6) (x3 + x2 + 1)4
2
(7) e−x /5
√
(8) ( x + x3 )8
1
(9)
cos x 
1
(10) cos
x
(11) 3cos x
(12) cos(5x)
(13) 3cos(5x)
(14) cos(3x )
√
(15) cos( x)
√
(16) cos x
(17) ln(4x + 3)
1
(18)
(ln x)4
(19) tan(e−x + 4x2 ).
(20) tan((2x + 1)3 + x)
(21) tan3 x (This means (tan x)3 , so the “outer” function is x3 , not tan x.)
(22) sin(x3 − x)
(23) ((x2 − x)3 + x + 2)4
1
(24) .
x + 3x
3

(25) cos(ln(x3 + 1))


(26) ln(cos(x3 + 1))
(27) (ln(cos x))3 + 1
2)
(28) esin(x
2
(29) sin(ex )
(30) sin2 (ex ). (This means (sin(ex ))2 , so the “outer” function is x2 , not sin x.)
CHAIN RULE PROBLEMS 3

Answers.

(1) 2(sin x)(cos x). (Let u = sin x to make the function u2 .)


(2) (cos(sin x)) cos x. (Let u = sin x to make the function sin(u).)
(3) (cos(sin(sin x))) cos(sin x) cos x. (Let u = sin(sin x) to make the function sin(u).)
(4) (cos(sin(sin(sin x))))(cos(sin(sin x))) cos(sin x) cos x. (Let u = sin(sin(sin x)) to make
the function sin(u).)
1 √
(5) √ (2x + 5). (Let u = x2 + 5x to make the function u = u1/2 .)
2 x2 + 5x
(6) 4(x3 + x2 + 1)3 (3x2 + 2x). (Let u = x3 + x2 + 1 to make the function u4 .)
2 /5
(7) e−x (−2x/5). (Let u = −x2 /5 to make the function eu .)
√ √
 
3 7 1 2
(8) 8( x + x ) √ + 3x . (Let u = x + x3 to make the function u8 .)
2 x
−1 sin x
(9) 2
(− sin x) = . (Let u = cos x to make the function 1/u.)
(cos x) cos2 x
  
1 −1 sin(1/x)
(10) − sin 2
= . (Let u = 1/x to make the function cos u.)
x x x2
(11) 3cos x (ln 3)(− sin x) = −(ln 3)3cos x (sin x). (Let u = cos x to make the function 3u .)
(12) − sin(5x)5 = −5 sin(5x). (Let u = 5x to make the function cos u.)
(13) 3cos(5x) (ln 3)(− sin(5x))5 = −5(ln 3)3cos(5x) sin(5x). (Let u = cos(5x) to make the
function 3u .)
(14) − sin(3x )3x (ln 3) = −(ln 3)(sin(3x ))3x . (Let u = 3x to make the function cos u.)
√
√ 1 − sin( x) √
(15) − sin( x) √ = √ . (Let u = x to make the function cos u.)
2 x 2 x
1 − sin x √
(16) √ (− sin x) = √ . (Let u = cos x to make the function u.)
2 cos x 2 cos x
1 4
(17) (4) = . (Let u = 4x + 3 to make the function ln u.)
4x + 3 4x + 3
1 3 1 −4(ln x)3
(18) − (4(ln x) ) = . (Let u = (ln x)4 to make the function 1/u.)
(ln x)8 x x(ln x)8
(19) (sec2 (e−x + 4x2 ))(−e−x + 8x). (Let u = e−x + 4x2 to make the function tan u.)
(20) (sec2 ((2x + 1)3 + x))(3(2x + 1)2 + 1)(2) = 2(3(2x + 1)2 + 1) sec2 ((2x + 1)3 + x). (Let
u = (2x + 1)3 + x to make the function tan u.)
(21) 3 tan2 x sec2 x. (Let u = tan x to make the function u3 .)
(22) (cos(x3 − x))(3x2 − 1). (Let u = x3 − x to make the function sin u.)
(23) 4((x2 − x)3 + x + 2)3 (3(x2 − x)2 (2x − 1) + 1). (Let u = (x2 − x)3 + x + 2 to make
the function u4 .)
−1
(24) (3x2 + 3x ln 3). (Let u = x3 + 3x to make the function 1/u.)
(x3 + 3 x )2
4 CHAIN RULE PROBLEMS

1 −3x2 sin(ln(x3 + 1))


(25) − sin(ln(x3 + 1)) (3x 2
) = . (Let u = ln(x3 + 1) to make
x3 + 1 x3 + 1
the function cos u.)
1 3 2 −3x2 sin(x3 + 1)
(26) (− sin(x + 1))(3x ) = . (Let u = cos(x3 + 1) to make
cos(x3 + 1) cos(x3 + 1)
the function ln u.)
1 −3(ln(cos x))2 sin x
(27) 3(ln(cos x))2 (− sin x) = . (Let u = ln(cos x) to make the
cos x cos x
function u3 + 1.)
2 2
(28) esin(x ) (cos(x2 ))(2x) = 2x cos(x2 )esin(x ) . (Let u = sin(x2 ) to make the function eu .)
2 2 2 2 2
(29) (cos(ex ))ex (2x) = 2xex cos(ex ). (Let u = ex to make the function sin u.)
(30) 2(sin(ex ))(cos(ex ))ex = 2ex sin(ex ) cos(ex ). (Let u = sin(ex ) to make the function
u2 .)

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